Experimenta-química. Un ejemplo de aprendizaje no formal en entornos tecnológicos

Experimenta es un proyecto interinstitucional de la UNAM, cuyo propósito es inculcar el pensamiento científico y favorecer el interés por las ciencias en los estudiantes de bachillerato. A la fecha Experimenta ha atendido a cinco mil estudiantes. En la práctica, los estudiantes asisten a cinco sesiones consecutivas de cuatro horas. Ahí desarrollan investigaciones enfocadas a un tema común en laboratorios de biología, física, matemáticas, química y tecnología. En cada sesión se presentan a los estudiantes, fenómenos atractivos y se les anima a plantear hipótesis sobre las diferentes variables. Estas hipótesis, son probadas por procedimientos experimentales que ellos diseñan y que incluyen el uso de interfases y sensores. Al final de cada sesión en una discusión conjunta los estudiantes cuestionan, comparan y argumentan científicamente los resultados obtenidos

Violence and drug trafficking in the social thinking

The present work tries to explore the fundamental reasons, that from the speech of the society, promote the high levels of violence, as well as the establishment and the development of the drug trafficking in Sinaloa, Mexico. For this, an approximation has been proposed mainly from the Theory of Social Representations. Social representations are constituted as a dynamic explanation, which allows and regulates the constant relationships and social interactions that generate a knowledge of common sense. Social representations allow us to access the contents and meanings that society has about objects of social relevance. In addition, along with the theory of social representations, and the characteristics of the study context, an approach to the theory of framing has been proposed. The theory of framing allows us to analyze the types of discourses that the media convey to society by framing their news. These approaches are intended to provide a critical view of the complex political and social situation that Mexico is currently experiencing

From Modernism to Postmodernism in English and American Literature: fairy tale sexuality and gender in Nabokov's Lolita and Carter's wolf stories.

Lolita de Nabokov puede ser considerada, por sus características generales y específicas, una novela puente entre el Modernismo y el Postmodernismo de la literatura norteamericana. En el presente trabajo se analizarán esas características con el objetivo de destacar la influencia de las referencias de los cuentos de hadas en la novela para la presentación de la masculinidad y la sexualidad, antes del resurgimiento de la narrativa de cuentos de hadas con perspectiva feminista de la década de los 70. Para ello, además, se realizará un estudio contrastivo con dos relatos de Carter de su colección The Bloody Chamber: “The Company of Wolves” y “Wolf-Alice”

Cytochrome c 6-like protein as a putative donor of electrons to photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7119

Most organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis contain either cytochrome c 6 or plastocyanin, or both, to transfer electrons from cytochrome b 6-f to photosystem I. Even though plastocyanin has superseded cytochrome c 6 along evolution, plants contain a modified cytochrome c 6, the so called cytochrome c 6A, whose function still remains unknown. In this article, we describe a second cytochrome c 6 (the so called cytochrome c 6-like protein), which is found in some cyanobacteria but is phylogenetically more related to plant cytochrome c 6A than to cyanobacterial cytochrome c 6. In this article, we conclude that the cytochrome c 6-like protein is a putative electron donor to photosystem I, but does play a role different to that of cytochrome c 6 and plastocyanin as it cannot accept electrons from cytochrome f. The existence of this third electron donor to PSI could explain why some cyanobacteria are able to grow photoautotrophically in the absence of both cytochrome c 6 and plastocyanin. In any way, the Cyt c 6-like protein from Nostoc sp. PCC 7119 would be potentially utilized for the biohydrogen production, using cell-free photosystem I catalytic nanoparticles.Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica BFU2006-01361/BMCJunta de Andalucía PAI BIO022 BIO19

Análise psicométrica de uma escala para medir o medo do delito em jovens equatorianos

En Ecuador, al igual que en el resto de Latinoamérica, la problemática de la inseguridad es innegable, y a pesar de que en el país existen encuestas que miden la percepción de inseguridad o la victimización, no existe ningún instrumento que mida el miedo al delito. La presente investigación tiene como propósito realizar un estudio psicométrico de una escala del miedo al delito que parte de una perspectiva psicosocial. Para validar este modelo teórico se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con una muestra conformada por 298 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador, con un promedio de edad de 21.28 años (DT = 1.62). Los resultados muestran que la escala presenta índices de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios. Específicamente, se utilizaron dos modelos explicativos del miedo al delito, uno de primer orden y otro de segundo orden, siendo este último el que explicó mejor la estructura psicosocial del miedo al delito.No Equador, assim como em toda a América Latina, a problemática da insegurança é inegável e, apesar de existirem, no país, pesquisas que meçam a percepção de insegurança ou vitimização, não há nenhum instrumento que meça o medo do delito. A presente pesquisa tem como propósito realizar um estudo psicométrico de uma escala do medo do delito que parte de uma perspectiva psicossocial. Para validar esse modelo teórico, realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e uma análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) com uma amostra conformada por 298 estudantes universitários da cidade de Ambato, Equador, com uma média de idade de 21.28 anos (DT=1.62); os resultados mostraram que a escala apresenta índices de bondade de ajuste satisfatórios. Especificamente, utilizaram-se dois modelos explicativos do medo do delito, um de primeira ordem e outro de segunda ordem; este último explicou melhor a estrutura psicossocial do medo do delito. Palavras-chave: Análise fatorial confirmatória, confiabilidade, insegurança, medo do delito, modelos de equações estruturais.In Ecuador, as in the rest of Latin America, the problem of insecurity is undeniable. Although there are surveys in the country that measure the perception of insecurity or victimization, there is no instrument that measures fear of crime. This research was aimed at the structural validation of a scale to measure the fear of crime from the psychosocial perspective. To validate this theoretical model, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted. A total of 298 students from the city of Ambato, Ecuador, participated in the study. The average age was 21.28 years (SD = 1.62). Results showed satisfactory psychometric and structural properties of the scale. Furthermore, two theoretical models of fear of crime were developed: a first order factor and a second order factor. Results confirm the relevance of the second order model for explaining the psychosocial construction of the fear of crime

Turtles in the Dust: Effects of Hands-on Scientific Training on a Group of Behaviorally At-risk Students’ Knowledge and Empathy

We taught a group of behaviorally at-risk students lessons on box-turtle biology and natural history before translocating hatchling Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) to a nature area adjacent to their school. The students then assisted with data collection and ultimately used telemetry to re-locate the turtles and independently collect data. Each student in the experimental group was given a questionnaire prior to beginning and again after completion of the program, with questions covering box-turtle biology, natural history, and empathy toward animals. Students in a control group were given the same questionnaire at similar times. Students in the experimental group felt they improved their knowledge concerning box-turtle biology and natural history after training, whereas control group students did not. Neither group, however, showed a change in empathy between the pre- and post questionnaires. Incorporating behaviorally at-risk students in research projects may enable researchers to complete projects while at the same time involving an often-neglected portion of the population

Turtles in the Dust: Effects of Hands-on Scientific Training on a Group of Behaviorally At-risk Students’ Knowledge and Empathy

We taught a group of behaviorally at-risk students lessons on box-turtle biology and natural history before translocating hatchling Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) to a nature area adjacent to their school. The students then assisted with data collection and ultimately used telemetry to re-locate the turtles and independently collect data. Each student in the experimental group was given a questionnaire prior to beginning and again after completion of the program, with questions covering box-turtle biology, natural history, and empathy toward animals. Students in a control group were given the same questionnaire at similar times. Students in the experimental group felt they improved their knowledge concerning box-turtle biology and natural history after training, whereas control group students did not. Neither group, however, showed a change in empathy between the pre- and post questionnaires. Incorporating behaviorally at-risk students in research projects may enable researchers to complete projects while at the same time involving an often-neglected portion of the population

La representación social de la inseguridad en jóvenes universitarios ecuatorianos: el caso Ambato

Introduction: Insecurity is a matter for social concern in Ecuador, as well as in many Latin American countries. References to events associated with insecurity are habitual in the communications media and reflect the situation of uncertainty experienced by the population on a daily basis. Objective: An analysis is proposed of the social representation of insecurity. The aim is thus to determine how young people conceive of and explain this social object. Methodology: Information was gathered using qualitative techniques. 271 young university students took part in the study (67% women and 33% men), with a median age of 21.32 (dt: 2.23). Results: Analysis of the central nucleus and peripheral system showed that young people perceive an insecure context characterized by uncertainty and fear of going out to public places or specific zones. This feeling of insecurity is further heightened by the lack of mechanisms to regulate this negative climate, such as the inefficient structure of judicial institutions. In relation to gender differences, it was found that women report experiencing greater fear and vulnerability in their daily lives than men. Conclusions: In Ambato, strategies have been developed to reduce insecurity; however, these mechanisms have not helped to decrease the perception of fear established in the context.La inseguridad es un tema de preocupación social en Ecuador, así como en muchos países Latinoamericanos. La referencia a sucesos relacionados con la inseguridad es habitual en los medios de comunicación y refleja la situación de incertidumbre con la que vive la población cotidianamente por tal, en este estudio se plantea el análisis de la representación social de la inseguridad. En este sentido, se pretende conocer cómo los jóvenes conciben y explican este objeto social. Mediante técnicas cualitativas se realizó la recogida de información. En el estudio participaron 271 jóvenes universitarios (67% mujeres y 33% hombres) con una media de 21.32 años (DT: 2.23). El análisis del núcleo central y del sistema periférico reveló que los jóvenes perciben un contexto inseguro caracterizado por la incertidumbre y el miedo de salir a lugares públicos o zonas específicas. Este sentimiento de inseguridad se ve reforzado por la falta de mecanismos que regulen este clima negativo como lo es la ineficiente estructura en las instituciones judiciales. En relación a las diferencias de género, se evidenció que las mujeres reportan tener mayor miedo y vulnerabilidad en su vida cotidiana, a diferencia de los hombres. En Ambato se han desarrollado estrategias para reducir la inseguridad, sin embargo, estos mecanismos no han ayudado a disminuir la percepción de miedo establecido en el contexto

La relación entre el narcotráfico y la violencia en México: prácticas y discursos cotidianos

172 p.El presente trabajo pretende explorar las razones fundamentales, que desde el discurso de la sociedad promueven los altos niveles de violencia, así como el establecimiento y el desarrollo del narcotráfico en Sinaloa, México. Para ello, se ha planteado principalmente una aproximación desde la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Las representaciones sociales se constituyen como una explicación dinámica, que permite y regula las constantes relaciones e interacciones sociales que generan un conocimiento de sentido común. Las representaciones sociales nos permiten acceder a los contenidos y significados que la sociedad tiene sobre objetos de relevancia social. Además, junto a la teoría de las representaciones sociales, y por las características del contexto de estudio, se ha planteado también un acercamiento desde la teoría del framing y de los estudios del miedo al delito. La teoría del framing, permite analizar los tipos de discursos que los medios de comunicación vehiculan al enmarcar las noticias. El miedo al delito, por su parte, permite identificar los factores que promueven en mayor medida la percepción del miedo en un contexto social. Con estos enfoques se pretende aportar una visión crítica sobre la compleja situación política y social que vive México en la actualidad