Apreciaciones del trabajo a distancia en la asignatura de sistemas operativos en Educación Superior

As of the confinement derived by COVID19, the training processes of the schools migrated from the face-to-face modality to remote work, which allowed students to adapt to a new learning environment together with the technological implications to continue with their learning. Therefore, there is a need to inquire about adaptation from the pedagogical and technological aspects. In this sense, the objective of this article was to analyze the appreciations of undergraduate students about remote work. The method was of a mixed type, for which a 20-item questionnaire was applied with a five-level Likert scale with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88; For the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview was conducted. According to the results obtained, the students indicate that remote work was adequate despite the limitations in terms of hardware and Internet connection. On the other hand, the didactics applied online were favorable for the students in the development of the course. In another tenor, in the voice of the participants they indicate that in order to carry out the practices, face-to-face work in the laboratories of the faculty is necessary.A partir del confinamiento derivado por el COVID-19 los procesos de formación de las escuelas, migraron de la modalidad presencial al trabajo a distancia lo que propicio que los estudiantes se adaptaran un nuevo ambiente de aprendizaje aunado a las implicaciones de tipo tecnológicas para continuar con su aprendizaje. Por lo anterior, impera la necesidad de indagar acerca de la adaptación desde las vertientes pedagógica y tecnológica. En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo fue analizar las apreciaciones de estudiantes de licenciatura acerca del trabajo a distancia. El método fue de tipo mixto, para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario de 20 ítems con escala de Likert de cinco niveles con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,88; por la parte cualitativa se realizó una entrevista semi estructurada. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, los estudiantes indican que el trabajo a distancia fue adecuado a pesar de las limitantes en cuanto a hardware y conexión de Internet. Por su parte, las didácticas aplicadas en línea resultaron favorables para los estudiantes en el desarrollo del curso. En otro tenor, en voz de los participantes señalan que para la realización de las prácticas es necesario el trabajo presencial en los laboratorios de la facultad.

Variation in the Abies religiosa (Pinaceae) forest structure, at different management and disturbance conditions

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El bosque de Abies religiosa o bosque de oyamel se distribuye en parches aislados y sus áreas continuas más extensas se localizan en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. Diversos estudios aportan información sobre aspectos ecológicos y florísticos del bosque de oyamel en México. Sin embargo, aún es necesario responder cuestiones ecológicas básicas, que pueden ser útiles para proponer y establecer estrategias de manejo y conservación de este tipo de vegetación. Por esta razón, los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: (1) estimar la variación en la estructura poblacional de Abies religiosa y (2) determinar la estructura y composición arbórea y arbustiva del bosque de oyamel bajo diferentes condiciones de manejo. Métodos: El área de estudio incluyó cinco localidades con bosque de oyamel del estado de Hidalgo, México, con diferentes condiciones de manejo y altitud. En total se colocaron 25 parcelas de muestreo (0.01 ha cada una) para obtener datos estándar a nivel poblacional (altura, densidad, diámetro) y comunitario (densidad, área basal y frecuencia de las especies). Resultados clave: Dentro de las cinco localidades, tres poblaciones de A. religiosa se clasificaron como dinámicas, por presentar predominio de individuos pequeños; las dos restantes fueron normales, con alto porcentaje de plantas de tamaño intermedio. A nivel de comunidad, se registraron 15 especies de árboles y 15 de arbustos. La estructura del bosque difirió entre localidades, en especial las más lejanas geográficamente, corroborando el papel del manejo del bosque y de las condiciones ambientales locales. Conclusiones: Abies religiosa dominó el dosel en todas las localidades. Las características estructurales a nivel de población y comunidad difirieron entre sitios de muestreo probablemente a causa del manejo forestal y de las diferentes condiciones ambientales locales.Background and Aims: Abies religiosa forest or sacred fir forest is distributed in isolated patches and its largest continuous areas are located in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. There are several studies that provide essential information on ecological and floristic aspects of the sacred fir forest in Mexico. However, basic ecological questions still need to be answered, which can be very useful to propose and establish management and conservation strategies for this type of vegetation. For this reason, the objectives of this investigation were: (1) to estimate the variation in the population structure of Abies religiosa and, (2) determine the tree and shrub structure and composition of the sacred fir forest, under different conditions of management and elevation. Methods: The study area included five localities with sacred fir forest in Hidalgo State, with different management and altitude conditions. In total, 25 sampling plots were placed (0.01 ha each), to obtain standard data at the population level (height, density, diameter) and community level (density, basal area and frequency of species). Key results: Three populations of A. religiosa were classified as dynamic due to the predominance of small individuals. The remaining two were normal with a predominance of intermediate-sized specimens. At the community level, 15 species of trees and 15 of shrubs were recorded. The structure of the forest differed in some localities, mainly among the farthest geographically, confirming the role of forest management, and local environmental conditions. Conclusions: Abies religiosa dominated the canopy in all localities. The structural characteristics at both population, and community levels differed between sampling locations, probably due to the forest management and the different local environmental conditions

Influence of the calcination temperature on the activity of hydroxyapatite-supported palladium catalyst in the methane oxidation reaction

In the present study, a series of four hydroxyapatite (HAP) supported palladium samples, with a Pd loading close to 0.5 %, obtained through their calcination at 773, 873, 973, or 1073 K has been investigated. These samples have been characterized using a wide battery of complementary techniques. From these studies, it was found that the rise of the calcination temperature induces a progressive dehydroxylation of the support and a structure evolution of the species containing Pd 2+ , from tetrahedral (Td) to square planar geometry (D 4h ). Moreover, this enhances markedly the metal-support interactions. For instance, at the highest temperature (1073 K), Pd particles were found encapsulated by a thin support layer. Consequently, two distinct reducible species have been identified; one of them manifests SMSI. This increase in the Pd-HAP interaction strength seems to (i) expand the HAP lattice, (ii) change the Pd 2+ coordination from Td to D 4h geometry, (iii) promote PdO reduction and (iv) suppress CO chemisorption. These entire properties do compensate the poor textural properties and benefit the efficiency and stability of the Pd active phase in methane oxidation reaction.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CTQ2015-73219-JIN (AEI/FEDER/UE) and CTQ2016-80253-R (AEI/FEDER/UE)) // Basque Government (GIC IT-1297-19) // University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (PIF15/335

Herbivoría en cícadas (Cycadophyta) por adultos de Janbechynea elongata Jacoby, 1888 (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae) en el ANP sierra de Otontepec, Veracruz

Little is known about the relationship between cycads and J. elongata. Since June 2009, adults J. elongata were observed feeding on Ceratozamia huastecorum in the Sierra de Otontepec; Cycas revoluta and C. circinalis in public and private gardens in three locations in northern Veracruz. Its arrival is sudden and occurs at the end of spring. It presents gregarious or solitary behavior. It feeds on the leaflets with smooth texture and sometimes the rachis. Large populations of adult J. elongata occur in the morning and have been removed by the inhabitants to avoid damage to their cycads, this has disrupted the careful observation of their behavior and the possible meeting of larvae, pupae and eggs. Only 5 % of the population C. huastecorum has been affected, while big Cycas revoluta and C. circinalis have been infested to 100 %

Herbivoría en cícadas (Cycadophyta) por adultos de Janbechynea elongata Jacoby, 1888 (Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae) en el ANP sierra de Otontepec, Veracruz

Little is known about the relationship between cycads and J. elongata. Since June 2009, adults J. elongata were observed feeding on Ceratozamia huastecorum in the Sierra de Otontepec; Cycas revoluta and C. circinalis in public and private gardens in three locations in northern Veracruz. Its arrival is sudden and occurs at the end of spring. It presents gregarious or solitary behavior. It feeds on the leaflets with smooth texture and sometimes the rachis. Large populations of adult J. elongata occur in the morning and have been removed by the inhabitants to avoid damage to their cycads, this has disrupted the careful observation of their behavior and the possible meeting of larvae, pupae and eggs. Only 5 % of the population C. huastecorum has been affected, while big Cycas revoluta and C. circinalis have been infested to 100 %.Little is known about the relationship between cycads and J. elongata. Since June 2009, adults J. elongata were observed feeding on Ceratozamia huastecorum in the Sierra de Otontepec; Cycas revoluta and C. circinalis in public and private gardens in three locations in northern Veracruz. Its arrival is sudden and occurs at the end of spring. It presents gregarious or solitary behavior. It feeds on the leaflets with smooth texture and sometimes the rachis. Large populations of adult J. elongata occur in the morning and have been removed by the inhabitants to avoid damage to their cycads, this has disrupted the careful observation of their behavior and the possible meeting of larvae, pupae and eggs. Only 5 % of the population C. huastecorum has been affected, while big Cycas revoluta and C. circinalis have been infested to 100 %

Giraverde: guía pedagógica docente para el uso racional y eficiencia de la energía

Esta cartilla contiene una propuesta para desarrollar proyectos de aula que faciliten a niños y jóvenes la comprensión de conceptos relacionados con el uso racional y eficiente de la energía. El propósito es generar en las áreas de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Sociales de los currículos de preescolar, básica primaria, básica secundaria y media vocacional, y en los proyectos de formación ambiental y de emprendimiento, espacios de reflexión para estimular en las nuevas generaciones una cultura energética responsable

Seasonal analysis of the atmosphere during five years by using microwave radiometry over a mid-latitude site

This work focuses on the analysis of the seasonal cycle of temperature and relative humidity (RH) profiles and integrated water vapor (IWV) obtained from microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements over the mid-latitude city of Granada, southern Spain. For completeness the study, the maximum atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLHmax) is also included. To this end, we have firstly characterized the HATPRO-RPG MWR errors using 55 co-located radiosondes (RS) by means of the mean-bias (biasbar) profile and the standard deviation (SDbias) profile classified under all-weather conditions and cloud-free conditions. This characterization pointed out that temperature from HATPRO-MWR presents a very low biasbar respects RS mostly below 2.0 km agl, ranging from positive to negative values under all-weather conditions (from 1.7 to -0.4 K with SDbias up to 3.0 K). Under cloud-free conditions, the bias was very similar to that found under all-weather conditions (1.8 to -0.4 K) but with smaller SDbias (up to 1.1 K). The same behavior is also seen in this lower part (ground to 2.0 km agl) for RH. Under all-weather conditions, the mean RH bias ranged from 3.0 to -4.0% with SDbias between 10 and 16.3% while under cloud-free conditions the bias ranged from 2.0 to -0.4% with SDbias from 0.5 to 13.3%. Above 2.0 km agl, the SDbias error increases considerably up to 4 km agl (up to -20%), and then decreases slightly above 7.0 km agl (up to -5%). In addition, IWV values from MWR were also compared with the values obtained from the integration of RS profiles, showing a better linear fit under cloud-free conditions (R2 = 0.96) than under all-weather conditions (R2 = 0.82). The mean bias under cloud-free conditions was -0.80 kg/m2 while for all-weather conditions it was -1.25 kg/m2. Thus, the SDbiasfor all the statistics (temperature, RH and IWV) of the comparison between MWR and RS presented higher values for all-weather conditions than for cloud-free conditions ones. It points out that the presence of clouds is a key factor to take into account when MWR products are used. The second part of this work is devoted to a seasonal variability analysis over five years, leading us to characterize thermodynamically the troposphere over our site. This city atmosphere presents a clear seasonal cycle where temperature, ABLHmax and IWV increase from winter to summer and decrease in autumn, meanwhile RH decreases along the warmer seasons. This city presents cold winters (mean daily maximum temperature: 10.6 ± 1.1 °C) and dry/hot summers (mean daily maximum temperature of 28.8 ± 0.9 °C and mean daily maximum of surface RH up to 55.0 ± 6.0%) at surface (680 m asl). Moreover, considering temporal trends, our study pointed out that only temperature and RH showed a linear increase in winters with a mean-rate of (0.5 ± 0.1) °C/year and (3.4 ± 1.7) %/year, respectively, from ground to 2.0 km agl, meanwhile IWV presented a linear increase of 1.0 kg·m-2/year in winters, 0.78 kg·m-2/year in summers and a linear decrease in autumns of -0.75 kg·m-2/year.Andalusia Regional Government through project P12-RNM-2409Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through projects CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2015-73250-JIN and CGL2016-81092-RJuan de la Cierva grant IJCI-2016-3000

Extinction-related Angström exponent characterization of submicrometric volume fraction in atmospheric aerosol particles

The AEAOD– ΔAEAOD grid proposed by Gobbi et al. (2007) is a graphical method used to visually represent the spectral characterization of aerosol optical depth (AOD), i.e. Angström exponent (AE) and its curvature, in order to infer the fine mode contribution (η) to the total AOD and the size of the fine mode aerosol particles. Perrone et al. (2014) applied this method for the wavelengths widely used in lidar measurements. However, in neither case does the method allow for a direct relationship between η and the fine mode fraction contribution to the total aerosol population. Some discussions are made regarding the effect of shape and composition to the classical AE-ΔAE plot. The potential use of particle backscatter measurements, widely used in aerosol characterization methods together with extinction measurements, is also discussed in the AE-ΔAE grid context. A modification is proposed that yields the submicron contribution to the total volume concentration by using particle extinction data, and a comparison to experimental measurements is made. Our results indicate that the use of a modified AE-ΔAE grid plot to directly obtain submicrometric and micrometric mode fraction to the total aerosol population is feasible if a volume-based bimodal particle size distribution is used instead of a number-based one.Andalusia Regional Government through project P12-RNM-2409Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities (CGL2016-81092 and CGL2017 -90884 - REDT

Overview of the SLOPE I and II campaigns: aerosol properties retrieved with lidar and sun–sky photometer measurements

Jose Antonio Benavent-Oltra is funded by the University of Granada through "Plan Propio. Programa 7, Convocatoria 2019". Roberto Roman is funded by MINECO under the postdoctoral programme Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion (IJCI2016-30007). Juan Andres Casquero-Vera is funded by MINECO under the predoctoral programme FPI (BES-2017-080015). Maria J. Granados-Munoz received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 796539. Oleg Dubovik was supported by the Labex CaPPA project, which is funded by the French National Research Agency under contract "ANR-11-LABX0005-01". This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects CMT2015-66742-R, CGL2016-81092-R, CGL2017-85344-R, RTI2018-097864-B-I00 and CGL2017-90884-REDT), by the Andalusia Regional Government through project P18-RT-3820 and the Unity of Excellence "Maria de Maeztu" (project MDM-2016-0600) financed by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI). The authors thankfully ac-knowledge the FEDER programme for the instrumentation used in this work, the University of Granada, which supported this study through the Excellence Units Program, and the Sierra Nevada National Park. We also thank Dr. Grisa Monick who provided the Aethalometer AVIO AE-33 installed on the aircraft. Thanks to AERONET and ACTRIS/AERONET Europe for the scientific and technical support. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge the use of the GRASP inversion algorithm software (http://www.grasp-open.com, last access: 1 April 2020), in this work.The Sierra Nevada Lidar aerOsol Profiling Experiment I and II (SLOPE I and II) campaigns were intended to determine the vertical structure of aerosols by remote sensing instruments and test the various retrieval schemes for obtaining aerosol microphysical and optical properties with in situ measurements. The SLOPE I and II campaigns were developed during the summers of 2016 and 2017, respectively, combining active and passive remote sensing with in situ measurements at stations belonging to the AGORA observatory (Andalusian Global ObseRvatory of the Atmosphere) in the Granada area (Spain). In this work, we use the in situ measurements of these campaigns to evaluate aerosol properties retrieved by the GRASP code (Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) combining lidar and sun-sky photometer measurements. We show an overview of aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP during the SLOPE I and II campaigns. In addition, we evaluate the GRASP retrievals of total aerosol volume concentration (discerning between fine and coarse modes), extinction and scattering coefficients, and for the first time we present an evaluation of the absorption coefficient. The statistical analysis of aerosol optical and microphysical properties, both column-integrated and vertically resolved, from May to July 2016 and 2017 shows a large variability in aerosol load and types. The results show a strong predominance of desert dust particles due to North African intrusions. The vertically resolved analysis denotes a decay of the atmospheric aerosols with an altitude up to 5 km a.s.l. Finally, desert dust and biomass burning events were chosen to show the high potential of GRASP to retrieve vertical profiles of aerosol properties (e.g. absorption coefficient and single scattering albedo) for different aerosol types. The aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP show good agreement with simultaneous in situ measurements (nephelometer, aethalometer, scanning mobility particle sizer, and aerodynamic particle sizer) performed at the Sierra Nevada Station (SNS) in Granada. In general, GRASP overestimates the in situ data at the SNS with a mean difference lower than 6 mu m(3) cm(-3) for volume concentration, and 11 and 2 Mm(-1)for the scattering and absorption coefficients. On the other hand, the comparison of GRASP with airborne measurements also shows an overestimation with mean absolute differences of 14 +/- 10 and 1.2 +/- 1.2 Mm(-1) for the scattering and absorption coefficients, showing a better agreement for the absorption (scattering) coefficient with higher (lower) aerosol optical depth. The potential of GRASP shown in this study will contribute to enhancing the representativeness of the aerosol vertical distribution and provide information for satellite and global model evaluation.University of GranadaMINECO under the postdoctoral programme Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion IJCI2016-30007MINECO under the predoctoral programme FPI BES-2017-080015European Commission 796539French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-11-LABX0005-01Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness CMT2015-66742-R CGL2016-81092-R CGL2017-85344-R RTI2018-097864-B-I00 CGL2017-90884-REDTAndalusia Regional Government P18-RT-3820Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) MDM-2016-0600Excellence Units ProgramSierra Nevada National Par