Tratamiento de las fracturas abiertas conminutas del primer metatarsiano con fijador externo: a propósito de 1 caso

Se presenta 1 caso de fractura abierta grado III de Gustilo conminuta de primer metatarsiano del pie derecho resuelta mediante la utilización de un fijador externo como método de osteosíntesis ósea. Se hace especial mención a la necesidad del tratamiento simultáneo de ls partes blandas y del hueso, manteniendo los requerimientos biomecánicos del pie como objetivo del tratamiento.We present a case of conminutcd open fracture of the first metatarsal bone of the right foot treated by using an external fixator as a method of osteosynthesis. Simultaneous treatment of bone and soft tissues is recomended. The aim of the treatment should be to restore biomechanical requirements of the foot

Regulation of Ace2-dependent genes requires components of the PBF complex in schizosaccharomyces pombe

The division cycle of unicellular yeasts is completed with the activation of a cell separation program that results in the dissolution of the septum assembled during cytokinesis between the 2 daughter cells, allowing them to become independent entities. Expression of the eng1+ and agn1+ genes, encoding the hydrolytic enzymes responsible for septum degradation, is activated at the end of each cell cycle by the transcription factor Ace2. Periodic ace2+ expression is regulated by the transcriptional complex PBF (PCB Binding Factor), composed of the forkhead-like proteins Sep1 and Fkh2 and the MADS box-like protein Mbx1. In this report, we show that Ace2-dependent genes contain several combinations of motifs for Ace2 and PBF binding in their promoters. Thus, Ace2, Fkh2 and Sep1 were found to bind in vivo to the eng1+ promoter. Ace2 binding was coincident with maximum level of eng1+ expression, whereas Fkh2 binding was maximal when mRNA levels were low, supporting the notion that they play opposing roles. In addition, we found that the expression of eng1+ and agn1+ was differentially affected by mutations in PBF components. Interestingly, agn1+ was a major target of Mbx1, since its ectopic expression resulted in the suppression of Mbx1 deletion phenotypes. Our results reveal a complex regulation system through which the transcription factors Ace2, Fkh2, Sep1 and Mbx1 in combination control the expression of the genes involved in separation at the end of the cell division cycle

Monitoring land cover change of the dryland forest landscape of Central Chile (1975–2008)

Las figuras que contiene el documento se localizan al final del mismo.Land cover and its configuration in the landscape are crucial components in the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Mediterranean regions, natural landscapes mostly covered by evergreen vegetation have been to a large extent transformed into cultural landscapes since long time ago. We investigated land cover changes in Central Chile using multi-temporal satellite imagery taken in 1975, 1985, 1999 and 2008. The major trends in this highly dynamic landscape were reduction of dryland forest and conversion of shrubland to intensive land uses such as farmland. The average net annual deforestation rate was −1.7%, and shrubland reduction occurred at an annual rate of −0.7%; agriculture, urban areas and timber plantations increased at annual rates of 1.1%, 2.7% and 3.2%, respectively, during the 1975–2008 period. Total forest and shrubland loss rates were partly offset by passive revegetation. However, most of the areas that were passively revegetated remained as shrubland and did not turn into forests due to a low capacity of forest recovery. This resulted in a progressive loss and degradation of dryland forest over the entire region. Overall, the documented land cover changes increase provisioning services such as crops, cattle, and timber that are characteristic of cultural landscapes in the area but may cause an irreversible loss of biodiversity and a depletion of other ecological services provided by forests and shrubland. The implications for conservation of this area and the need for territorial planning and adapted land-use strategies are discussed

Estudio comparativo del tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas diafisarias de húmero mediante enclavado endomedular de Hackethal y placa atornillada

Se revisan comparativamente 160 fracturas diafisarias humerales tratadas quirúrgicamente en nuestro servicio mediante 2 técnicas distintas: placa atornillada a comprensión y enclavado endomedular en haz de Hackethal. Siguiendo la clasificación de la AO, se comparan los resultados de ambos métodos en cuanto al tiempo de consolidación según la localización y trazo de fractura, así como las complicaciones de cada método. El tiempo de consolidación fue menor en las fracturas tratadas con haz de Hackethal (3.9 meses) que en las tratadas con placa (4 meses), mientras que en las fracturas complejas (tipo C) tratadas con placa, el tiempo de consolidación disminuyó (4.1 meses) en relación a las tratadas con haz de Hackethal (4.9 meses). Destaca un alto porcentaje de pseudoartrosis (9.7) y la peor recuperación funcional en las fracturas tratadas mediante haz de Hackethal frente al 0% de pseudoartrosis de los casos tratados con placa, así como la ausencia de infecciones en ambas series.A total of 160 humeral shaft fractures surgically treated were retrospectively assessed. Surgical technique was performed by means of two different methods: compression plate and closed intramedullary nailing. Fractures were grouped following AO criteria. Outcome assessment was carried out analyzing complications rate and time period for fracture healing according to type and level of the fracture. No instances of infections were observed. Fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nailing showed an average time period of healing lower than those treated with compression plate (3.9 and 4 months respectively). However this difference was increased and reverse in the more complex fractures (type C fractures) being 4.1 months for plating technique and 4.9 months for intramedullary nailing. Regarding complication rate, 9.7% of pseudoarthrosis and worse functional outcome were found with intramedullary nailing. There were no cases of pseudoarthrosis with plating technique

The asymptotic distribution of the permutation entropy

Ordinal patterns serve as a robust symbolic transformation technique, enabling the unveiling of latent dynamics within time series data. This methodology involves constructing histograms of patterns, followed by the calculation of both entropy and statistical complexity—an avenue yet to be fully understood in terms of its statistical properties. While asymptotic results can be derived by assuming a multinomial distribution for histogram proportions, the challenge emerges from the non-independence present in the sequence of ordinal patterns. Consequently, the direct application of the multinomial assumption is questionable. This study focuses on the computation of the asymptotic distribution of permutation entropy, considering the inherent patterns’ correlation structure. Furthermore, the research delves into a comparative analysis, pitting this distribution against the entropy derived from a multinomial law. We present simulation algorithms for sampling time series with prescribed histograms of patterns and transition probabilities between them. Through this analysis, we better understand the intricacies of ordinal patterns and their statistical attributes.Fil: Rey, Andrea Alejandra. Secretaria de Investigacion ; Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Frery, A. C.. Victoria University Of Wellington; Nueva ZelandaFil: Gambini, J.. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham.; ArgentinaFil: Lucini, María Magdalena. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Intra-population comparison of vegetative and floral trait

12 páginas, 5 tablas.Measuring heritable genetic variation is important for understanding patterns of trait evolution in wild populations, and yet studies of quantitative genetic parameters estimated directly in the field are limited by logistic constraints, such as the difficulties of inferring relatedness among individuals in the wild. Marker-based approaches have received attention because they can potentially be applied directly to wild populations. For long-lived, self-compatible plant species where pedigrees are inadequate, the regression-based method proposed by Ritland has the appeal of estimating heritabilities from marker-based estimates of relatedness. The method has been difficult to implement in some plant populations, however, because it requires significant variance in relatedness across the population. Here, we show that the method can be readily applied to compare the ability of different traits to respond to selection, within populations. For several taxa of the perennial herb genus Aquilegia, we estimated heritabilities of floral and vegetative traits and, combined with estimates of natural selection, compared the ability to respond to selection of both types of traits under current conditions. The intra-population comparisons showed that vegetative traits have a higher potential for evolution, because although they are as heritable as floral traits, selection on them is stronger. These patterns of potential evolution are consistent with macroevolutionary trends in the European lineage of the genus.We thank Santiago Donat-Caerols and Rafael Jaime for essential help in the laboratory. We are also grateful to Carlos M. Herrera for initial advice and ideas on relatedness analyses. Anonymous reviewers provided comments that substantially improved the original manuscript. This work was funded by a Generalitat Valenciana research grant for young researchers (GVPRE ⁄ 2008 ⁄ 076) and project CGL2006-02848 of the Ministerio de Educacio´n y Ciencia and FEDER.Peer reviewe

Factors influencing vegetation cover change in Mediterranean Central Chile (1975-2008)

Las figuras y apéndices que contiene el documento se localizan al final del mismo.Questions: Which are the factors that influence forest and shrubland loss and regeneration and their underlying drivers?\ud \ud Location: Central Chile, a world biodiversity hotspot.\ud \ud Methods: Using land-cover data from the years 1975, 1985, 1999 and 2008, we fitted classification trees and multiple logistic regression models to account for the relationship between different trajectories of vegetation change and a range of biophysical and socio-economic factors.\ud \ud Results: The variables that most consistently showed significant effects on vegetation change across all time-intervals were slope and distance to primary roads. We found that forest and shrubland loss on one side and regeneration on the other often displayed opposite patterns in relation to the different explanatory variables. Deforestation was positively related to distance to primary roads and to distance within forest edges and was favoured by a low insolation and a low slope. In turn, forest regeneration was negatively related to the distance to primary roads and positively to the distance to the nearest forest patch, insolation and slope. Shrubland loss was positively influenced by slope and distance to cities and primary roads and negatively influenced by distance to rivers. Conversely, shrubland regeneration was negatively related to slope, distance to cities and distance to primary roads and positively related to distance from existing forest patches and distance to rivers.\ud \ud Conclusions: This article reveals how biophysical and socioeconomic factors influence vegetation cover change and the underlying social, political and economical drivers. This assessment provides a basis for management decisions, considering the crucial role of perennial vegetation cover for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.This work was financed by the REFORLAN Project, INCO Contract CT2006-032132 (European Commission), with additional input from projects CGL2010-18312 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and S2009AMB-1783 (Madrid Government REMEDINAL-2). We are in-\ud debted to Javier Salas and Cristian Echeverría for their input in this project. The manuscript benefited from\ud useful comments from Jorge Aubad and two anonymous\ud reviewers, who improved the contents and presentation\ud of this stud

Is spillover relevant for hydrogen adsorption and storage in porous carbons doped with palladium nanoparticles?

Producción CientíficaExperiments have shown that the efficiency of nanoporous carbons to store hydrogen becomes enhanced by doping the material with metallic nanoparticles. In particular, doping with palladium has been used with success. The hypothesis to justify the enhancement has been that the Pd nanoparticles dissociate the hydrogen molecules and then the hydrogen atoms spill over the carbon substrate, where the hydrogen is retained. To test this hypothesis we have performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the deposition of molecular hydrogen on Pd nanoparticles (Pd6 and Pd13) supported on graphene, which is a good model for the wall of a carbon nanopore. Three channels have been identified in the simulations: bouncing off the molecule, molecular adsorption, and dissociation of the molecule in two H atoms. The relative percentage of those channels is sensitive to the size of the Pd particle. Dissociation occurs more frequently on Pd13 and it generally takes place on the lateral regions of the Pd particles. However, in our simulations, we have not found a single case of H atoms or H2 molecules spilling over the carbon substrate. We have also tested the situation when several H atoms are preadsorbed on the Pd6 and Pd13 particles and found that not a single dissociation event occurs on these H-saturated nanoparticles. These results lead us to cast strong doubts on the validity of the spillover mechanism for explaining the enhancement of hydrogen adsorption on porous carbons doped with transition metal nanoparticles.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA050U14

Pseudotumor simulando lesiones malignas en lactantes

Se presentan dos casos clínicos, en dos lactantes, de tumoración de partes blandas de crecimiento rápido y aparición espontánea. Fue necesario emplear técnicas invasivas, dadas las dificultades en el diagnóstico diferencial con tumor de estirpe maligna, para llegar al tranquilizador diagnóstico de hematoma en evolución. Se discute la utilidad de la RM en el estudio de este tipo de lesiones.Two cases of soft tissue tumoration with fast growth and spontaneus apparition in suckling infants are reported. Develop invasive methods to achieve the easeful final diagnosis of evolutive haematoma was necessary because of differential diagnosis with soft tissue sarcoma. There is a discusion on the use of MR in the study of this kind of lesion

Enfermedad de Panner y osteocondritis disecante del capitellum: diagnóstico diferencial y abordaje terapéutico

La enfermedad de Panner, es decir, la osteonecrosis del capitellum humeral, y la osteocondritis disecante del capitellum, forman parte del grupo de lesiones que pueden aparecer en el codo del niño debidas a fuerzas de compresión lateral, como ocurre en los deportes de lanzamiento. Sin embargo, son dos patologías diferentes, con una edad de aparición, unas imágenes radiográficas, un pronóstico y un tratamiento totalmente distintos, por lo que es importante realizar un buen diagnóstico diferencial y un correcto seguimiento clínico y radiográfico de la enfermedad. En este artículo se presenta un caso de enfermedad de Panner en un niño de 7 años, y un caso de osteocondritis disecante del capitellum en un niño de 13 años, que nos permitirán apreciar las diferencias entre ambas enfermedades.Panner's disease, avascular necrosis of the humeral capitellum, and osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum, belong to the group of injuries which may occur in the elbow of the child due to lateral compression forces, as in sports pitch. However, they are two different pathologies, with different median age of onset, radiographic images, prognosis and treatment, so it is important to conduct a proper differential diagnosis and proper monitoring of clinical and radiographic disease. This article presents a case of Panner's disease in a child of 7 years old, and one case of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in a child of 13 years old, which will enable us to appreciate the differences between both diseases