Propuesta para la disposición de residuos sólidos en la Universidad del Valle sede Palmira

Un aumento trascendental de la población mundial y el incremento considerable del proceso productivo del hombre, el cual se manifiesta como productor y consumidor, y no descomponedor o reciclador, se ha traducido en una excesiva generación de Residuos Sólidos RS. Dichos RS provenientes de las actividades humanas exceden la capacidad de absorción del medio natural, en contradicción con lo que ocurre en la Naturaleza, lo que modifica el delicado equilibrio ecológico y empiezan a acumularse desechos, en cantidad, variedad y toxicidad crecientes, que al no poder ser reincorporados a los ciclos naturales son devueltos al medio ambiente deteriorándolo y contaminándolo.PregradoINGENIERO(A) EN INDUSTRIA

Cooperativa multiactiva Coopevin

Figura 1. Zona Geográfica de Medellín, Figura 2. Ubicación de Villa Hermosa en Medellín, Figura 3. Diagrama de Porter, Figura 4. Prototipo en bruto, Figura 5. Evaluación de la Experiencia Comerciantes y Clientes, Figura 6. Slogan Coopevin, Figura 7. Organigrama Coopevin.Para el desarrollo de este proyecto de emprendimiento social se propuso la creación de una cooperativa multiactiva. El escenario donde aplicará será en el parque del barrio Villa Hermosa de la ciudad de Medellín, cuyo objetivo general será asociar a los vendedores informales de este sector en un modelo de negocio cooperativo para mejorar sus condiciones socioeconómicas. Con un estudio realizado en este sector de la ciudad se pudo identificar una diversidad de problemáticas, en este caso se contextualizó en el problema “la informalidad laboral en el barrio Villa Hermosa es alta”. Se ha evidenciado, esta actividad informal va en aumento y las personas la cuales se dedican a esta ocupación carecen de garantías viviendo en un estado de vulnerabilidad ante la sociedad. Es claro, está situación presentada, requiere una pronta solución, la cual brindará múltiples beneficios tanto para los autores involucrados; directos e indirectos, proporcionando un aporte al desarrollo económico de la comuna 8 de la ciudad de Medellín. La propuesta de la creación de la empresa social se ha desarrollado en cinco capítulos; planteamiento del problema u oportunidad, innovación social, modelo Design Thinking, estrategias de mercadeo y proyección operativa y financiera, en cada uno se hizo aportes indispensables para llevar a cabalidad está idea de negocio. Al analizar los resultados y hacerle una evaluación a este modelo de emprendimiento social, sobre todo en la proyección financiera, observamos una técnica de negocio sustentable y viable para implementarlo y ponerlo en funcionamiento. Palabras clave: Cooperativa multiactiva, proyecto, emprendimiento social, escenario, modelo de negocio, comercio informal, empresa, Design Thinking, proyección.For the development of this social entrepreneurship project, the creation of a multi-active cooperative was proposed. The scenario where it will apply will be in the park of the Villa Hermosa neighborhood of the city of Medellín, whose general objective will be to associate informal vendors in this sector in a cooperative business model to improve their socioeconomic conditions. With a study carried out in this sector of the city, it was possible to identify a diversity of problems, in this case it was contextualized in the problem "labor informality in the Villa Hermosa neighborhood is high." It has been shown that this informal activity is on the increase and the people who are dedicated to this occupation lack guarantees living in a state of vulnerability to society. It is clear, this situation presented requires a prompt solution, which will provide multiple benefits for both the authors involved; direct and indirect, providing a contribution to the economic development of commune 8 of the city of Medellín. The proposal for the creation of the social enterprise has been developed in five chapters; statement of the problem or opportunity, social innovation, Design Thinking model, marketing strategies and operational and financial projection, each one made essential contributions to fully carry out this business idea. By analyzing the results and making an evaluation of this social entrepreneurship model, especially in the financial projection, we observed a sustainable and viable business technique to implement and put it into operation. Keywords: Multi-active cooperative, project, social entrepreneurship, scenario, business model, informal trade, company, Design Thinking, projection

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Filosofía del derecho

Este libro docente da cuenta de temas como el valor de la enseñanza de la filosofía del derecho, si existe o no una ciencia del derecho, el iusnaturalismo en la historia de las ideas jurídicas, los movimientos jurídicos más relevantes en el siglo XIX, si existe o no una teoría marxista del derecho, las ideas más importantes de la teoría pura del derecho, el realismo jurídico estadounidense y escandinavo, la relación sistema-eficacia-vigencia en el derecho, la filosofía del derecho en Norberto Bobbio, el enfrentamiento entre el positivismo suave y el no-positivismo, el neocostitucionalismo, la postura de Rawls en torno al derecho, la filosofía del derecho en Habermas, la teoría comunicacional del derecho y, por último, las relaciones entre historia-sociedad-derecho

Tree hydrological niche acclimation through ontogeny in a seasonal Amazon forest

How tropical plants cope with water availability has important implications for forest resilience, as severe drought events are expected to increase with climate change. Tree size has emerged as a major axis of drought vulnerability. To understand how Amazon tree species are distributed along size-linked gradients of water and light availability, we tested the niche acclimation hypothesis that there is a developmental gradient in ontogenetic shift in embolism resistance and tree water-use efficiency among tree species that occurs along the understory-overstory gradient. We evaluated ontogenetic differences in the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and xylem hydraulic traits of abundant species in a seasonal tropical forest in Brazil. We found that saplings of dominant overstory species start with a high degree of embolism resistance to survive in a dense understory environment where competition for water and light among smaller trees can be intense during the prolonged dry season. Vulnerability to embolism consistently changed with ontogeny and varied with tree species' stature (maximum height): mature individuals of larger species displayed increased vulnerability, whereas smaller species displayed unchanging or even increased resistance at the mature stage. The ability to change drought-resistance strategies (vulnerability to embolism) through ontogeny was positively correlated with ontogenetic increase in iWUE. Ecologically, overstory trees appear to shift from being hydraulically drought resilient to persisting under dry soil surface layer conditions to being more likely physiological drought avoiders as adults when their roots reach wetter and deeper soil layers

Divulgación Científica No.4

En las instituciones encargadas de adelantar proyectos de investigación, como es el caso de la universidad, debemos reflexionar sobre lo que hacemos y sus implicaciones, de tal forma que encontremos claves para propiciar, desde nuestros saberes, agentes dinamizadores que animen la discusión, el debate y la comparación. Lo anterior con el enfoque de proponer caminos y soluciones para problemas actuales que nos aquejan como individuos. Las distintas búsquedas que hacemos apuntan a contribuir a la construcción de mejores sociedades, y la investigación es una valiosa herramienta con a que contamos para lograrlo. Es necesario entender la investigación como un agente que permite y propicia cambios.In the institutions in charge of carrying out research projects, such as the university, we must reflect on what we do and its implications, in such a way that we find keys to promote, from our knowledge, dynamic agents that encourage discussion, debate and the comparison. The above with the focus of proposing paths and solutions for current problems that afflict us as individuals. The different searches that we do aim to contribute to the construction of better societies, and research is a valuable tool that we have to achieve it. It is necessary to understand research as an agent that allows and promotes changes

Divulgación Científica No.4

En las instituciones encargadas de adelantar proyectos de investigación, como es el caso de la universidad, debemos reflexionar sobre lo que hacemos y sus implicaciones, de tal forma que encontremos claves para propiciar, desde nuestros saberes, agentes dinamizadores que animen la discusión, el debate y la comparación. Lo anterior con el enfoque de proponer caminos y soluciones para problemas actuales que nos aquejan como individuos. Las distintas búsquedas que hacemos apuntan a contribuir a la construcción de mejores sociedades, y la investigación es una valiosa herramienta con a que contamos para lograrlo. Es necesario entender la investigación como un agente que permite y propicia cambios.In the institutions in charge of carrying out research projects, such as the university, we must reflect on what we do and its implications, in such a way that we find keys to promote, from our knowledge, dynamic agents that encourage discussion, debate and the comparison. The above with the focus of proposing paths and solutions for current problems that afflict us as individuals. The different searches that we do aim to contribute to the construction of better societies, and research is a valuable tool that we have to achieve it. It is necessary to understand research as an agent that allows and promotes changes

Rates of diagnostic transition and cognitive change at 18-month follow-up among 1,112 participants in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL)

Background: The Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing is a prospective study of 1,112 individuals (211 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 768 healthy controls (HCs)). Here we report diagnostic and cognitive findings at the first (18-month) follow-up of the cohort. The first aim was to compute rates of transition from HC to MCI, and MCI to AD. The second aim was to characterize the cognitive profiles of individuals who transitioned to a more severe disease stage compared with those who did not. Methods: Eighteen months after baseline, participants underwent comprehensive cognitive testing and diagnostic review, provided an 80 ml blood sample, and completed health and lifestyle questionnaires. A subgroup also underwent amyloid PET and MRI neuroimaging. Results: The diagnostic status of 89.9% of the cohorts was determined (972 were reassessed, 28 had died, and 112 did not return for reassessment). The 18-month cohort comprised 692 HCs, 82 MCI cases, 197 AD patients, and one Parkinson's disease dementia case. The transition rate from HC to MCI was 2.5%, and cognitive decline in HCs who transitioned to MCI was greatest in memory and naming domains compared to HCs who remained stable. The transition rate from MCI to AD was 30.5%. Conclusion: There was a high retention rate after 18 months. Rates of transition from healthy aging to MCI, and MCI to AD, were consistent with established estimates. Follow-up of this cohort over longer periods will elucidate robust predictors of future cognitive decline.12 page(s

Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hospitalized patients and appropriateness of empirical treatment recommendations: an international point-prevalence study

An accurate knowledge of the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is key for selecting appropriate antimicrobial treatments. Very few etiological studies assessed the appropriateness of empiric guideline recommendations at a multinational level. This study aims at the following: (i) describing the bacterial etiologic distribution of CAP and (ii) assessing the appropriateness of the empirical treatment recommendations by clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for CAP in light of the bacterial pathogens diagnosed as causative agents of CAP. Secondary analysis of the GLIMP, a point-prevalence international study which enrolled adults hospitalized with CAP in 2015. The analysis was limited to immunocompetent patients tested for bacterial CAP agents within 24 h of admission. The CAP CPGs evaluated included the following: the 2007 and 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), and selected country-specific CPGs. Among 2564 patients enrolled, 35.3% had an identifiable pathogen. Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.2%) was the most frequently identified pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.4%). CPGs appropriately recommend covering more than 90% of all the potential pathogens causing CAP, with the exception of patients enrolled from Germany, Pakistan, and Croatia. The 2019 ATS/IDSA CPGs appropriately recommend covering 93.6% of the cases compared with 90.3% of the ERS CPGs (p < 0.01). S. pneumoniae remains the most common pathogen in patients hospitalized with CAP. Multinational CPG recommendations for patients with CAP seem to appropriately cover the most common pathogens and should be strongly encouraged for the management of CAP patients.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio