149 research outputs found
Adverse effects of personalized automated feedback
In large classes with hundreds of students, it is rarely feasible to provide students with individual feedback on their performance. Automatically generated personalized feedback on students' performance might help to overcome this issue, but available empirical effect studies are inconclusive due to lack of methodological rigor. This study uses a repetitive randomized control experiment to explore whether automatically generated feedback is effective and for which students. Our results indicate that feedback does not have a positive effect on performance for all students. Some groups benefit from receiving personalized feedback, while others do not perform better than the control group. Students that perform average benefit most from receiving personalized feedback. However, lower-scoring students who received feedback tend to have lower attrition rates and if they participate at the final exam, their performance is not higher than the control group. Therefore, providing automated feedback is not something that should be undertaken mindlessly.</p
Building Food Democracy: Exploring Civic Food Networks and Newly Emerging Forms of Food Citizenship
In recent years new types of consumer-producer cooperation in food networks have emerged in which consumers play an active role in the operation and thereby clearly go beyond food provisioning as such. Examples include consumer co-ops and solidarity buying groups of local and organic food, communitysupported agriculture and collective urban gardening initiatives. These initiatives raise important new questions that cannot be adequately resolved within existing theoretical perspectives based on concepts such as 'alternative food networks', 'short food supply chains' or 'local food systems'. This article explores possible new analytical frameworks for the study of contemporary dynamics in food networks and develops the concept of 'civic food networks' as an overarching concept to explore contemporary dynamics and sources of innovation within agri-food networks. Building on the empirical diversity of initiatives, this introduction to the Special Issue argues that the role of civil society as a governance mechanism for agri-food networks has increased in significance compared to market and state actors. Moreover, expressions of 'food citizenship' are reshaping the relation between food practices and the market as well as with public institutions in ways that go beyond material and economic exchange and that contribute to a 'moralization' (or even 'civilization') of food economie
What supervisors say in their feedback:construction of CanMEDS roles in workplace settings
The CanMEDS framework has been widely adopted in residency education and feedback processes are guided by it. It is, however, only one of many influences on what is actually discussed in feedback. The sociohistorical culture of medicine and individual supervisors' contexts, experiences and beliefs are also influential. Our aim was to find how CanMEDS roles are constructed in feedback in a postgraduate curriculum-in-action. We applied a set of discourse analytic tools to written feedback from 591 feedback forms from 7 hospitals, including 3150 feedback comments in which 126 supervisors provided feedback to 120 residents after observing their performance in authentic settings. The role of Collaborator was constructed in two different ways: a cooperative discourse of equality with other workers and patients; and a discourse, which gave residents positions of power-delegating, asserting and 'taking a firm stance'. Efficiency-being fast and to the point emerged as an important attribute of physicians. Patients were seldom part of the discourses and, when they were, they were constructed as objects of communication and collaboration rather than partners. Although some of the discourses are in line with what might be expected, others were in striking contrast to the spirit of CanMEDS. This study's findings suggest that it takes more than a competency framework, evaluation instruments, and supervisor training to change the culture of workplaces. The impact on residents of training in such demanding, efficiency-focused clinical environments is an important topic for future research
The Role of ICTs in Supporting Collaborative Networks in the Agro-Food Sector: Two Case Studies from South West England
Over recent years, in a wide range of countries, grassroots initiatives have emerged aimed at overcoming the limits of the mainstream agro-business system. These initiatives aim at improving farmersâ access to local and regional markets and consumersâ access to fresh local produce. Among these initiatives, Food Hubs have emerged as a promising way to improve local food supply systems. They represent collaborative networks of producers and consumers that aggregate, distribute, and market local food products. ICTs enable these collaborative networks by allowing information exchange among their actors and by providing collaborative tools that allow quick co-ordination between members of the network. The paper aims to analyse how the adoption of ICTs have fostered the development of new, initiatives oriented at establishing local food networks and to reconnect producers and consumers. The study will present results from the analysis of two food-hub initiatives based in South West England, which are adopting informative systems to support their activities and to implement novel business models: Stroudco Food Hub and Dean Forest Food Hub
LOFAR Sparse Image Reconstruction
Context. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope is a giant digital
phased array interferometer with multiple antennas distributed in Europe. It
provides discrete sets of Fourier components of the sky brightness. Recovering
the original brightness distribution with aperture synthesis forms an inverse
problem that can be solved by various deconvolution and minimization methods
Aims. Recent papers have established a clear link between the discrete nature
of radio interferometry measurement and the "compressed sensing" (CS) theory,
which supports sparse reconstruction methods to form an image from the measured
visibilities. Empowered by proximal theory, CS offers a sound framework for
efficient global minimization and sparse data representation using fast
algorithms. Combined with instrumental direction-dependent effects (DDE) in the
scope of a real instrument, we developed and validated a new method based on
this framework Methods. We implemented a sparse reconstruction method in the
standard LOFAR imaging tool and compared the photometric and resolution
performance of this new imager with that of CLEAN-based methods (CLEAN and
MS-CLEAN) with simulated and real LOFAR data Results. We show that i) sparse
reconstruction performs as well as CLEAN in recovering the flux of point
sources; ii) performs much better on extended objects (the root mean square
error is reduced by a factor of up to 10); and iii) provides a solution with an
effective angular resolution 2-3 times better than the CLEAN images.
Conclusions. Sparse recovery gives a correct photometry on high dynamic and
wide-field images and improved realistic structures of extended sources (of
simulated and real LOFAR datasets). This sparse reconstruction method is
compatible with modern interferometric imagers that handle DDE corrections (A-
and W-projections) required for current and future instruments such as LOFAR
and SKAComment: Published in A&A, 19 pages, 9 figure
Optimized Trigger for Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray and Neutrino Observations with the Low Frequency Radio Array
When an ultra-high energy neutrino or cosmic ray strikes the Lunar surface a
radio-frequency pulse is emitted. We plan to use the LOFAR radio telescope to
detect these pulses. In this work we propose an efficient trigger
implementation for LOFAR optimized for the observation of short radio pulses.Comment: Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research
Section
Food access in remote rural places:Consumer accounts of food shopping in the Western Isles of Scotland
Exploring the contribution of alternative food networks to food security. A comparative analysis
[EN] Food (in)security has become a challenge not only for developing economies but also for High Income Countries. In parallel, food scholars have actively investigated the contribution of alternative food networks (AFNs) to the development of more sustainable and just food systems, paying attention to drivers, initiatives and policies supporting the development of alternatives to the dominant industrialised food system and its detrimental environmental and socio-economic impacts. However, few studies have directly addressed the contribution of AFNs to food security in the Global North. This paper aims to establish new linkages between food security debates and critical AFNs literature. For that purpose, we conduct a place-based approach to food security in a comparative analysis of initiatives of three different European contexts: Cardiff city-region (UK), the Flemish Region (Belgium) and the peri-urban area of the city of Valencia (Spain). The results unfold: i) how AFNs weave a more localised socio-economic fabric that creates new relationships between food security outcomes and specific territories, ii) hybridization processes within alternative but also conventional systems and iii) the role of advocacy and collective action at different levels. The analysis allows identification of key elements on which food security debates hinge and provides new insights to ground conceptual discussions on territorial and place-based food security approaches.This research is part of the project "Assessment of the impact of global drivers of change on Europe's food security" (TRANSMANGO), granted by the EU under 7th Framework Programme; theme KBBE.2013.2.5-01; Grant agreement no: 613532. Dr. Ana Moragues-Faus also acknowledges the funding of the European Commission and the Welsh Government that currently supports her Ser Cymru fellowship. These results reflect only the authors' view; the funders are not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.Cerrada-Serra, P.; Moragues-Faus, A.; Zwart, TA.; Adlerova, B.; Ortiz-Miranda, D.; Avermaete, T. (2018). Exploring the contribution of alternative food networks to food security. A comparative analysis. Food Security. 10(6):1371-1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0860-xS13711388106Arcuri, S., Brunori, G., & Galli, F. (2017). Insights on the role of private and public actors in food assistance provision: A literature review for high income countries. Economia agro-alimentare. https://doi.org/10.3280/ECAG2017-001006 .Barca, F., McCann, P., & RodrĂguez-Pose, A. (2012). The case for regional development intervetion: Place-based versus place-neutral approaches. Journal of Regional Science, 52, 134â152. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2011.00756.x .Bauler, T., Mutombo, E., van Gameren, V., Crivits, M., Paredis, E., Boulanger, P., . . . Ruwet, C., (2011). Construction of scenarios and exploration of transition pathways for sustainable consumption patterns. Brussels: Belgian Science Policy.Brown, J. C., & Purcell, M. (2005). Thereâs nothing inherent about scale: Political ecology, the local trap, and the politics of development in the Brazilian Amazon. Geoforum, 36, 607â624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.09.001 .Bourne, N. (2012) Fruit and vegetable community co-ops rise to 350 in Wales, BBC Wales News, Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-17938418 . Accessed Sept 2017.Brunori, G., Malandrin, V., & Rossi, A. (2013). Trade-off or convergence? The role of food security in the evolution of food discourse in Italy. Journal of Rural Studies, 29, 19â29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.01.013 .Cistulli, V., RodrĂguez-Pose, A., Escobar, G., Marta, S., & Schejtman, A. (2014). Addressing food security and nutrition by means of a territorial approach. Food Security, 6, 879â894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-014-0395-8 .Clay, E. (2002). Food security; concept and measurement. Paper for FAO expert consultation on trade and food security: Conceptualising the linkages. Rome http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm . Accessed Sept 2017.Cox, I. (2015). Interim report: Adding value and demonstrating sustainable development in the community food co-ops in Wales, EcoStudio.Crivits, M., & Paredis, E. (2013). Designing an explanatory practice framework: Local food systems as a case. Journal of Consumer Culture, 13, 306â336. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513484321joc.sagepub.com .CSM (2016). Connecting small-holders to farmers: an analytical guide.Dedeurwaedere, T., de Schutter, O., Hudon, M., Mathijs, E., Annaert, B., Avermaete, T., et al. (2015). Working paper: Social enterprise based transition movements between transformation and reform. The case of transition initiatives in local food networks. BRAIN-be. Food4Sustainability annual report 2. Deliverable 2.2.Dixon, J., & Richards, C. (2016). On food security and alternative food networks: Understanding and performing food security in the context of urban bias. Agriculture and Human Values, 33, 191â202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-015-9630-y .Ekers, M., Levkoe, C. Z., Walker, S., & Dale, B. (2015). Will work for food: Agricultural interns, apprentices, volunteers, and the agrarian question. Agriculture and Human Values, 33, 705â720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-015-9660-5 .Elliott, E., Parry, O., Ashdown-Lambert, J. (2004). Evaluation of community food co-ops, Working Paper 85, Cardiff School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University.FAO (1998). Report: Sustaining agricultural biodiversity and agro-ecosystem functions. http://www.fao.org/sd/EPdirect/EPre0080.htm . Accessed Nov 2017.FAO (2001). Report: The state of food insecurity in the world. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/y1500e/y1500e00.htm . Accessed Nov 2017.Gibson-Graham, J. K. (2006). A postcapitalist politics. Minessota: University of Minnesota Press.Goodman, M. K. (2004). Reading fair trade: Political ecological imaginary and the moral economy of fair trade foods. Political Geography, 23, 891â915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.05.013 .Goodman, D., DuPuis, E.M., Goodman, M.K. (2012). Alternative food networks: Knowledge, place and politics. Routledge, Oxon, New York. ISBN: 9780203804520.Goodman, D., DuPuis, E. M., & Goodman, M. K. (2013). Engaging alternative food networks: Commentaries and research agendas. International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 20, 425â431.Guinot, E. (2008) El paisaje de la Huerta de Valencia. Elementos de interpretaciĂłn de su morfologĂa espacial de origen medieval. Historia de la Ciudad V. TradiciĂłn y progreso, 98â111. Valencia: Icaro-Colegio Territorial de Arquitectos de Valencia-Universidad PolitĂ©cnica de Valencia.Guthman, J. (2004). Agrarian dreams: The paradox of organic farming in California. University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN-10: 0520240952.Hubeau, M., Coteur, I., Mondelaers, K., & Marchand, F. (2015). Systeembeschrijving van het Vlaamse Landbouw- en Voedingssysteem: een nulmeting. Merelbeke, Belgie: ILVO.Ilbery, B., & Maye, D. (2005). Alternative (shorter) food supply chains and specialist livestock products in the Scottish - English borders. Environment and Planning, 37, 823â844. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3717 .IPCC (2012). Glossary of terms. In C. B. Field, V. Barros, T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, D. J. Dokken, K. L. Ebi et al. (Eds.), Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), (pp. 555â564). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Jarosz, L. (2007). The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in metropolitan areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 24, 231â244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.10.002 .Jones, I. (2012). Evaluation of the community food co-operative programme in Wales, BMG research, Welsh Government social research, 22/2012.Kirwan, J., & Maye, D. (2013). Food security framings within the UK and the integration of local food systems. Journal of Rural Studies, 29, 91â100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.03.002 .Lamine, C. (2015). Sustainability and resilience in Agrifood systems: Reconnecting agriculture, food and the environment. Sociologia Ruralis, 55, 41â61. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12061 .Loopstra, R., Reeves, A., McKee, M., & Stuckler, D. (2016). Food insecurity and social protection in Europe: Quasi-natural experiment of Europeâs great recessions 2004â2012. Preventive Medicine, 89, 44â50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.010 .MacMillan, T., & Dowler, E. (2012). Just and sustainable? Examining the rhetoric and potential realities of UK food security. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25, 181â204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-011-9304-8 .Marsden, T., Banks, J., Bristow, G. (2000). Food supply chain approaches: exploring their role in rural development. Sociologia Ruralis, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00158Maxwell, S. (1996). Food security: A post-modern perspective. Food Policy, 21, 155â170. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(95)00074-7 .Mooney, P.H., Hunt, S.A. (2009). Food security: The elaboration of contested claims to a consensus frame. Sociologia Ruralis. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.tb00701.x .Moragues-Faus, A. (2016). Participative action research: Transforming Cardiffâs food system through studentsâ live projects. Report available at http://foodcardiff.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Report-live-projects-2016-cut-.pdf. . Accessed Sept 2017.Moragues-Faus, A. (2017a). Emancipatory or neoliberal food politics? Exploring the âpolitics of collectivityâ of buying groups in the search for egalitarian food democracies. Antipode, 49, 455â476. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12274 .Moragues-Faus, A. (2017b). Problematising justice definitions in public food security debates: Towards global and participative food justices. Geoforum, 84, 95â106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.007 .Moragues-Faus, A., & Marsden, T. (2017). The political ecology of food: Carving âspaces of possibilityâ in a new research agenda. Journal of Rural Studies, 55, 275â288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.08.016 .Moragues-Faus, A., Sonnino, R., 2012. Embedding quality in the agro-food system: The dynamics and implications of place-making strategies in the olive oil sector of alto Palancia, Spain. Sociologia Ruralis, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2011.00558.x .Morgan, K., & Sonnino, R. (2010). The urban foodscape: World cities and the new food equation. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3, 209â224. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsq007 .Murdoch, J., & Miele, M. (1999). âBack to natureâ: Changing âworlds of productionâ in the food sector. Sociologia Ruralis, 39, 465â483. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00119 .Murdoch, J., Marsden, T., & Banks, J. (2000). Quality, nature, and embeddedness: Some theoretical considerations in the context of the food sector. Economic Geography, 76, 107â125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2000.tb00136.x .OECD, FAO, UNCDF (2016). Adopting a territorial approach to food security and nutrition policy. Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264257108-en .Ortiz-Miranda, D., Moragues-Faus, A.M., 2014. Governing fair trade coffee supply: dynamics and challenges in small farmersâ organizations. Sustainable Development, https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1570 .Oxfam and Church Action. (2013). Walking the breadline: The scandal of food poverty in 21st-century Britain. http://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/walking-the-breadline-the-scandal-of-food-poverty-in-21st-century-britain-292978 . Accessed 19 August 2014.Padel, S., & Foster, C. (2005). Exploring the gap between attitudes and behaviour: Understandingwhy consumers buy or do not buy organic food. British Food Journal, 107, 606â625. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510611002 .Radhika Ch., Hemantha U., 2017. Research study on nutrition security and equity in its access in watershed development programmes. Research reports series 107. National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj. ISBN 978-93-84503-81-9.Renting, H., Marsden, T. K., & Banks, J. (2003). Understanding alternative food networks: Exploring the role of short food supply chains in rural development. Environment and Planning, 35, 393â411. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3510 .Renting, H., Schermer, M., & Rossi, A. (2012). Building food democracy: Exploring civic food networks and newly emerging forms of food citizenship. International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, 19, 289â307.Romero, J., & FrancĂ©s, M. (Eds.). (2012). La Huerta de Valencia. Un paisaje cultural con futuro incierto. Valencia: Publicaciones de la Universitat de ValĂšncia.Sage, C. (2003). Social embeddedness and relations of regard: Alternative âgood foodâ networks in south-West Ireland. Journal of Rural Studies, 19, 47â60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00044-X .Sonnino, R., & Marsden, T. (2006). Beyond the divide: Rethinking relationships between alternative and conventional food networks in Europe. Journal of Economic Geography, 6, 181â199. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbi006 .Sonnino, R., Marsden, T., & Moragues-Faus, A. (2016). Relationalities and convergences in food security narratives: Towards a place-based approach. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41, 477â489. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12137 .Soriano i Piqueras, V. (2015). La huerta de Valencia un paisaje menguante. Amazon. ISBN-13: 978-1512009231.Stanners, D., & Bourdeau, P. (1995). Europeâs environment: The Dobris assessment. Copenhagen: European Environmental Agency.Tregear, A. (2011). Progressing knowledge in alternative and local food networks: Critical reflections and a research agenda. Journal of Rural Studies, 27, 419â430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.06.003 .Valencia City Council. (2016). Department of Agricultura and Huerta (ongoing review). Pla dâAcciĂł Integral per a la promociĂł de lâactivitat i el territori agrĂcola municipal. https://hortaipoblesvalencia.org/es/agricultura-y-huerta/ . Accessed Jan 2018.Van Gameren, V., Ruwet, C., & Bauler, T. (2015). Towards a governance of sustainable consumption transitions: How institutional factors influence emerging local food systems in Belgium. Local Environment: The international journal of justice and sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.872090 .Venn, L., Kneafsey, M., Holloway, L., Cox, R., Dowler, E., & Tuomainen, H. (2006). Researching European âalternativeâ food networks: Some methodological considerations. Area, 38, 248â258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2006.00694.x .Vervoort, J., Thornton, P. K., Kristjanson, P., et al. (2014). Challenges to scenario-guided adaptive action on food security under climate change. Global Environmental Change, 28, 383â394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.03.001 .Weingartner L. (2005). Paper I. The concept of food and nutrition security. In: Klennert K, editor. Achieving food and nutrition security: Actions to meet the global challenge: A training course reader. Feldafing: German Society for International Cooperation; p. 3â28. ISBN 3-937235 -71-X.Whatmore, S., Stassart, P., & Renting, H. (2003). Whatâs alternative about alternative food networks? Environment and Planning, 35, 389â391. https://doi.org/10.1068/a3621 .Zwart, T. A., Mathijs, E., Avermaete, T. (2016). Can alternative food networks contribute to a transition towards sustainability in Flanders: Assessing the marketing functions of Voedselteams. Report available at http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/245069/files/BioeconWP_2016_04_submitted.pdf . Accessed Sept 2017
- âŠ