Referentes, tensiones y rupturas identitarias. Mujeres profesionistas y sus familias de origen

This article aims to describe and analyze the processes of subjective construction of professional women in the frame of intra-family relations. The aforementioned based on practices, meanings and senses that constitute these women as women and the way how they attribute feminine identities of genre from different places and experiences of being, to fell and live as woman and the senses that the femininity acquires in this context.In particular this document aims to show the role of each families of these women had in the shaping of their genre identity and in the way in which women live and are formed. The present document distinguishes in a significant way the nearness of some subjects of study with their parents, as well as the widening of the mother feminine image in model and anti-model of what it means and implies being and live as a woman.The empirical information was obtained through 21 interviews of professional women without children in Guadalajara, Mexico.Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir y analizar los procesos de construcción subjetiva de mujeres profesionistas en el marco de las relaciones intrafamiliares. Lo anterior a partir de las prácticas, significados y sentidos que constituyen a estas mujeres como mujeres y la manera en cómo se adscriben a identidades de género femeninas desde distintos lugares y experiencias del ser, sentirse y vivirse como mujer y los sentidos que adquiere en este contexto la feminidad.En particular este documento pretende mostrar del papel que cada una de las familias de estas mujeres tuvo en la configuración de su identidad de género y en la forma en que se construyen y viven mujeres. Destaca de manera significativa la cercanía de algunas de los sujetos de estudio con sus padres, así como el desdoblamiento de la imagen femenina materna en modelo y anti modelo de lo que significa e implica ser y vivirse como mujer. Los datos empíricos fueron obtenidos mediante entrevistas a 21 mujeres profesionistas sin hijos en Guadalajara, México

Acute insulin response following exercise and its association to lipid changes in sedentary African-American women

Sedentary African-American (AA) women are at increased risk of hypertension, dyslipidemias, metabolic syndrome, and impaired insulin response to exercise. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations following 1464 kJ (350 kcal) of exercise and to determine if this response was associated with serum lipid concentrations in overweight AA women. Premenopausal AA women (n = 11, mean ± SD, age = 32.5 ± 4.8 yr., BMI = 29.8 ± 4.8 kg·m-2, % fat = 35.6 ± 6.3, VO2peak = 21.5 ± 3.6 ml·kg-1·min-1, total cholesterol = 4.8 ± 0.6 mmol·L-1, triglycerides = 0.60 ± 0.2 mmol·L-1, HDLC = 3.3 ± 0.5 mg·dL-1) performed 1464 kJ (350 kcal) of treadmill exercise at 60%-70%VO2peak. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were collected 24-h prior to, and immediately, 24-h, and 48 h following exercise. Fasting insulin concentration increased immediately following exercise (Baseline=77.1 ± 10.42 vs. Immediately=117.4 ± 15.28 μU·mL-1, 95%CI= 32.71, 47.89; P<0.05). The change in insulin concentration from 24-h pre- to 24-h post-exercise was correlated with BMI (r= 0.51), VO2peak (r= -0.47), and the change in lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.37) (P<0.05 for all). In conclusion, in sedentary AA women, the insulin response immediately following exercise may be elevated, and is not suppressed below pre-exercise concentrations during the 48-h following exercise. The insulin response 24-h following exercise is modestly associated with markers of lipoprotein metabolism

Pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance exercise does not improve next day performance or recovery in resistance trained men

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance training on next day performance and recovery the following day in physically active men. METHODS: Eighteen resistance trained men performed a single bout of resistance exercise then received either a pre-sleep protein (PRO) supplement containing 40 g of casein protein (PRO; n = 10; mean ± SD; age = 24 ± 4 yrs; height = 1.81 ± 0.08 m; weight = 84.9 ± 9.5 kg) or a non-caloric, flavor matched placebo (PLA; n = 8; age = 28 ± 10 yrs; height = 1.81 ± 0.07 m; weight = 86.7 ± 11.0 kg) 30 min before sleep (1 h after a standard recovery drink). Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and the following morning (+12-h) to measure creatine kinase and C-reactive protein. Visual analog scales were utilized to assess perceived pain, hunger, and recovery. One-repetition maximum (1RM) tests for barbell bench press and squat were performed pre-exercise and the following morning (+12-h). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (V.23) and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups in next morning performance or muscle damage biomarkers. However, pre-sleep PRO resulted in a lower perception of hunger that approached significance the following morning when compared to PLA (PRO:43.6 ± 31.2, PLA: 69.4 ± 2.22; 95% C.I. = −53.6, 2.0; p = 0.07; d = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Following an evening bout of exercise, pre-sleep PRO did not further improve next morning muscle damage biomarkers or maximal strength performance in resistance trained men compared to a non-caloric PLA. However, there may be implications for lower perceived hunger the next morning with pre-sleep PRO consumption compared to PLA

Neuroimaging Studies of Suicidal Behavior and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Psychiatric Patients: A Systematic Review

Background: With around 800,000 people taking their own lives every year, suicide is a growing health concern. Understanding the factors that underlie suicidality and identifying specific variables associated with increased risk is paramount for increasing our understanding of suicide etiology. Neuroimaging methods that enable the investigation of structural and functional brain markers in vivo are a promising tool in suicide research. Although a number of studies in clinical samples have been published to date, evidence about neuroimaging correlates for suicidality remains controversial.Objective: Patients with mental disorders have an increased risk for both suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury. This manuscript aims to present an up-to-date overview of the literature on potential neuroimaging markers associated with SB and NSSI in clinical samples. We sought to identify consistently reported structural changes associated with suicidal symptoms within and across psychiatric disorders.Methods: A systematic literature search across four databases was performed to identify all English-language neuroimaging articles involving patients with at least one psychiatric diagnosis and at least one variable assessing SB or NSSI. We evaluated and screened evidence in these articles against a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria and categorized them by disease, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines.Results: Thirty-three original scientific articles investigating neuroimaging correlates of SB in psychiatric samples were found, but no single article focusing on NSSI alone. Associations between suicidality and regions in frontal and temporal cortex were reported by 15 and 9 studies across four disorders, respectively. Furthermore, differences in hippocampus were reported by four studies across three disorders. However, we found a significant lack of replicability (consistency in size and direction) of results across studies.Conclusions: Our systematic review revealed a lack of neuroimaging studies focusing on NSSI in clinical samples. We highlight several potential sources of bias in published studies, and conclude that future studies should implement more rigorous study designs to minimize bias risk. Despite several studies reporting associations between SB and anatomical differences in the frontal cortex, there was a lack of consistency across them. We conclude that better-powered samples, standardized neuroimaging and analytical protocols are needed to continue advancing knowledge in this field

Saliva secretory IgA kinetics in obese subjects submitted to a graded exercise test

INTRODUCTION: Secretory IgA (sIgA) is predominant immunoglobulin in secretions of the mucosal immune system. It inhibit attachment and replication of pathogenic microorganism, preventing colonization by these pathogens. Therefore, sIgA is consider the first line of defense against pathogens. Previous studies have indicated a direct link between low salivary sIgA levels with of upper respiratory tract infections (UTRI) episodes in endurance sports and elite athletes. PURPOSE: Determine the effect of a maximal graded exercise test on the saliva sIgA levels in obese adult subjects. METHODS: Eleven obese male subjects (Age 31± 1.53 years) were recruited. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and, Waist Circumference (WC) were measured. Graded exercise test was performed on an electrically-braked cycle ergometer (Lode). The Heart rate (HR) was registered using a digital pulse meter (Polar FT1 model) before, immediately finished the exercise and after 30 min post- exercise test. The saliva samples were collected alongside with HR during the test. RESULTS: The WC (110.37 ± 3.89 cm) and BMI (34.73 ± 1.62 kg/m2) values confirmed the obesity state in the participants. The HR at basal was 77.09 ± 3.10 bpm, at post exercise, the HR mean was 175.45 ± 4.94 bpm (p \u3c0.0001 vs basal). Finally, at 30 post exe, the HR was 91.81 ± 3.01 bpm (P \u3c0.0001 vs post-exe). In basal state, the sIgA concentration was 94.21 ± 13.57 µm/mL. At post exe, the sIgA mean was 175.9 ± 22.45 µm/mL (p\u3c0.05 vs basal). Finally, 30’ post-exercise the sIgA level was 91.39 ± 10.40 µm/mL. However, the sIgA was not modified by the exercise. CONCLUSION: The present work demonstrates that the salivary sIgA increases temporally as a response to the graded exercise test in obese adults. Although, the changes in the sIgA concentration was not accompanied with a major sIgA secretion in the saliva

Early Detection of COVID-19 in Female Athletes Using Wearable Technology

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and resting heart rate (RHR) are common variables measured by wrist-worn activity trackers to monitor health, fitness, and recovery in athletes. Variations in RR are observed in lower-respiratory infections, and preliminary data suggest changes in HRV and RR are linked to early detection of COVID-19 infection in nonathletes. Hypothesis: Wearable technology measuring HRV, RR, RHR, and recovery will be successful for early detection of COVID-19 in NCAA Division I female athletes. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Female athletes wore WHOOP, Inc. bands through the 2020 to 2021 competitive season. Of the athletes who tested positive for COVID (n = 33), 14 had enough data to be assessed (N = 14; 20.0 ± 1.3 years; 69.8 ± 7.2 kg; 172.0 ± 8.3 cm). Roughly 2 weeks of noninfected days were used to set baseline levels of HRV, RR, recovery, and RHR to compare with -3, -2, and -1 days before a positive COVID-19 result. Results: Increases in RR (P = 0.02) were detected on day -3. RHR (P \u3c 0.01) and RR increased (P \u3c 0.01), while HRV decreased (P \u3c 0.05) on day -1, compared with baseline. Differences were noted in all variables on the day of the positive COVID-19 result: decreased HRV (P \u3c 0.05) and recovery scores (P \u3c 0.01), and increased RHR (P \u3c 0.01) and RR (P \u3c 0.01). Conclusion: In female athletes, wearable technology was successful in predicting COVID-19 infection through changes in RR 3 days before a positive test, and also HRV and RHR the day before a positive test. Clinical Relevance: Wearable technology may be used, as part of a multifaceted approach, for the early detection of COVID-19 in elite athletes through monitoring of HRV, RR, and RHR for overall team health

Casa Barragán. Tres miradas en blanco y negro

The Barragan house in Tacubaya, México, is perhaps one of the most photographed architectural objects of our recent history. Certainly what we know about the house and the architect has been built from the photographer Armando Salas Portugal’s view. His symbiotic work has allowed us to understand an architecture based on color walls and on “beauty, inspiration, bewitch, magic and sorcery” as Luis Barragan expressed in his Pritzker Price (1980) discourse. Just finished in 1947, the work was widespread through several publications of the time, where other photographers contributed different perspectives through their lenses. One of them was the photographer Elizabeth Timbermann, who collaborated with Esther McCoy “ American critic of architecture” to the research she was carrying out on modern Mexican architecture. Timbermann’s shoots of the house explain it livable, full of books, sculptures and plants. After Luis Barragan’s death (1988), the Mexican photographer Mariana Yampolsky made a report of the empty house: The walls and windows are splattered by workers that repair the house. In those little known photographs, the focus is on traditional workforce. This paper proposes, through the analysis of pictures taken by the three photographers at three stages of the live in the house, an approach to the work otherwise, since for being so well known it is not well apprehended. Three stories are presented at the same architectural episode through photography: three looks that focus on different aspects of the house that allow us to better understand it. In this search made by the photographer to link spaces, to emphasize light and shadow, the house presents us with its magic, mystery and loneliness, as the faithful companion that was for its inhabitant.La casa Barragán en Tacubaya, México, es de los objetos arquitectónicos más fotografiados de nuestra historia reciente. Ciertamente lo que conocemos de la casa y del propio arquitecto se ha construido a partir de la mirada del fotógrafo Armando Salas Portugal. Su trabajo simbiótico nos ha hecho comprender una arquitectura a base de muros de colores y de “belleza, inspiración, embrujo, magia y sortilegio” tal como lo expresaba Luis Barragán en su discurso del Premio Pritzker (1980). Recién terminada la casa (1947) fue difundida en varias publicaciones de la época, en las que otros fotógrafos aportaron distintas miradas a través de su lente. Una de ellas fue Elizabeth Timbermann, quien colabora con Esther McCoy “crítica de arquitectura americana” en las investigaciones que ésta realizaba sobre arquitectura moderna mexicana. En las fotografías de Timbermann de la casa de Barragán se explica una casa vivida, llena de libros, esculturas, plantas. Tras la muerte de Luis Barragán (1988), la fotógrafa Mariana Yampolsky realiza un reportaje con la casa vacía, donde muros y ventanas son remozados por los obreros. En estas imágenes, el centro de atención está en la mano de obra tradicional. El texto propone, a partir del análisis de las imágenes tomadas por estos tres fotógrafos, en tres momentos de la vida en la casa, acceder de otra forma a esta obra, tan nombrada pero tan poco aprehendida. A través de la fotografía se nos ofrecen tres historias de un episodio arquitectónico, tres miradas que enfocan los diferentes aspectos de la casa y que nos permiten entenderla un poco más. En esa búsqueda del fotógrafo por encadenar los espacios, por acentuar luces y sombras, la casa se nos presenta con su magia, su misterio, y en soledad, como fiel compañera de su habitante

Impacto de la condición corporal sobre la fertilidad en vacas de la provincia de Pastaza- Ecuador

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la condición corporal sobre la fertilidad en vacas de la provincia de Pastaza-Ecuador. Se utilizaron 2434 registros reproductivos de la base de datos entre el 2009- Las variables analizadas fueron: estado reproductivo gestante y no gestante, año, raza, condición corporal (CC), celo, toro o pajuela utilizada, técnico inseminador. La muestra para el análisis estadístico de los datos se basó en tres modelos de ANOVA y un modelo mixto. El porcentaje de preñez a nivel provincial logrado con este programa de mejoramiento fue del 60 al 69%. La CC solo fue significativa para la raza Charolais mestiza, quien mostró un coeficiente de correlación lineal bajo negativo con respecto a la gestación, las otras variables celo, pajuela, técnico tampoco tuvieron diferencias estadísticas (P>0.05). Pero en el análisis del segundo modelo aplicado se encontró diferencias significativas entre el lugar (cantón) y CC (P=0.047) y entre la raza de la vaca y raza del toro (P=0.006). Se concluye que la (CC) influyó sobre la gestación dependiendo del lugar, independiente de la raza de la vaca, factor que no resultó importante en la variable reproductiva estudiada, los factores ambientales: año, cantón y CC, influyen en los niveles de gestación de la población estudiada, de los factores genéticos analizados las razas de la vaca y del padre no influyeron, solamente el factor toro fue importante en la gestación de la vaca y el factor humano resultó determinante como causa de variación en la gestación

Genetic aetiology of self-harm ideation and behaviour

Family studies have identified a heritable component to self-harm that is partially independent from comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, the genetic aetiology of broad sense (non-suicidal and suicidal) self-harm has not been characterised on the molecular level. In addition, controversy exists about the degree to which suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm share a common genetic aetiology. In the present study, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on lifetime self-harm ideation and self-harm behaviour (i.e. any lifetime self-harm act regardless of suicidal intent) using data from the UK Biobank (n > 156,000). We also perform genome wide gene-based tests and characterize the SNP heritability and genetic correlations between these traits. Finally, we test whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for self-harm ideation and self-harm behaviour predict suicide attempt, suicide thoughts and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) in an independent target sample of 8,703 Australian adults. Our GWAS results identified one genome-wide significant locus associated with each of the two phenotypes. SNP heritability (h) estimates were ~10%, and both traits were highly genetically correlated (LDSC r > 0.8). Gene-based tests identified seven genes associated with self-harm ideation and four with self-harm behaviour. Furthermore, in the target sample, PRS for self-harm ideation were significantly associated with suicide thoughts and NSSH, and PRS for self-harm behaviour predicted suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Follow up regressions identified a shared genetic aetiology between NSSH and suicide thoughts, and between suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Evidence for shared genetic aetiology between NSSH and suicide attempt was not statistically significant

Efecto de la vacunación a IBR con virus vivo y muerto, sobre las características anatómicas y endocrinológicas del cuerpo lúteo en novillas Holstein mestizas

El presente estudio se realizó para determinar si la vacunación con el herpes virus bovino tipo 1(HVB-1) como profilaxis para la rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina tiene efecto sobre las características anatómicas y endocrinológicas del cuerpo lúteo en novillas Holstein mestizas en la región amazónica ecuatoriana. Se utilizaron 60 novillas repartidas en tres grupos de 20 animales cada uno: sin inmunógeno, vacuna a virus vivo y vacuna a virus muerto. Se determinó el diámetro del cuerpo lúteo en diferentes estadios (12 y 18 días posinseminación) de desarrollo mediante ultrasonografía trans-rectal y la concentración de la progesterona en la sangre, por inmunoensayo enzimático. Para el manejo del experimento todos los grupos fueron sometidos a un protocolo de sincronización con prosgestágenos y estradiol. Se observó diferencias estadísticas significativas en el diámetro promedio del cuerpo lúteo a los 12 y 18 días, siendo mayor en el tratamiento testigo (26,5 y 29,9 mm) respectivamente seguido del tratamiento con virus vivo con (19,5 y 17,9 mm) y el tratamiento   con   virus  muerto   con   (19,2mm   y  17,9mm).   La   concentración   sanguínea   de progesterona fue estadísticamente mayor a los 12 y  18  días  post-tratamiento  en  el  tratamiento testigo  (5,1   y   5,7   ng/dl)  seguido  por  el  tratamiento  con  virus  vivo  (3,2  y  2,8  ng/dl)  y  el tratamiento con virus muerto (3,1 y 2,8 ng/dl) donde hubo valores estadísticamente diferentes en los tres tratamientos en estudio. La inoculación con el herpes virus bovino tipo 1 tiene efectos sobre el desarrollo temprano del cuerpo lúteo en novillas y la concentración de progesterona sanguínea