Odontomas are associated with impacted permanent teeth in orthodontic patients

Odontomas are the most frequent odontogenic tumors in the oral cavity and can result in failure of eruption of permanent teeth or be associated with impacted teeth. The present study evaluated the prevalence of complex and compound odontomas in non-syndromic patients prior to the onset of orthodontic treatment. Panoramic radiographs of 4,267 non-syndromic patients were evaluated; 22 cases were included being 54.5% complex and 45.4% compound odontomas. The sample was composed predominantly by White males with mean age of 14.5 years. Complex odontomas were commonly found in the maxilla (83.3%) while compound type was mostly located on mandible (60%), presenting a significant association (P=0.027). Moreover, odontomas were significantly associated with impacted teeth (P<0.0001). The most frequently odontoma-associated impacted teeth were lower canines, followed by upper central incisors and upper canines, while impacted teeth with no odontoma were predominantly upper canines, lower second premolars and upper second premolars. Compound and complex odontomas showed mean size of 10.5 and 7.25 mm, respectively, presenting significant association between lesion size and odontoma type (P=0.021). Odontomas affected mainly White male patients with mean age of 14.5 years, being the complex type commonly found in the maxilla and the compound type mostly located on mandible. Furthermore, odontomas were significantly associated with impacted teeth, affecting mainly lower canines. Early diagnosis and correct treatment are essential to avoid any complications, such as prolonged retention of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth

Pharmacological Activity of \u3ci\u3eCostus spicatus\u3c/i\u3e in Experimental \u3ci\u3eBothrops atrox\u3c/i\u3e Envenomation

Context: Medicinal plants encompass a rich source of active compounds that can neutralize snake venoms or toxins. Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. (Costaceae) is used by the Amazonian population to treat inflammation, pain and other pathological manifestations. Objective: To evaluate the influence of C. spicatus aqueous extract on edema, peritonitis, nociception, coagulation, haemorrhage and indirect haemolytic activity induced by Bothrops atrox venom (BAV). Materials and methods: Dried and pulverized leaves were extracted with distilled water. Envenoming was induced by administration of B. atrox snake venom in Swiss Webster mice. The experimental groups consisted of BAV (at the minimum dose to induce measurable biological responses) and C. spicatus extract (CSE, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg/25 ml phosphate-buffered saline) administered individually and in combination (BAVCSE). PBS was used as a control. In vitro assays were also conducted in order to evaluate phospholipase A2 coagulant activities (indirect haemolytic method). Results: CSE significantly reduced the venom-induced edema and nociception at all concentrations tested and inhibited migration of inflammatory cells at the three least concentrations (5.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg/25 ml PBS). CSE was not effective in inhibiting coagulant, haemorrhagic and indirect haemolytic activities of the venom. Discussion and conclusion: The data suggest that CSE could exhibit a central mechanism for pain inhibition, and may also inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. These findings corroborate the traditional administration of C. spicatus decoction to treat inflammatory disorders, including those caused by B. atrox envenomation

Evaluation of ultrastructural changes and cell death on Leishmania amazonensis promastigote forms induced by a new coordinated complex Co (II) / Avaliação de alterações ultraestruturais e morte celular em formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis induzidas por um novo complexo coordenação Co (II)

Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by vectors of the phlebotomine subfamily. In Brazil, the species Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of the diffuse cutaneous form. Currently, the treatment employed is associated with several side effects, which stimulated the development of new alternatives for the treatment of this important neglected disease. Thus, metallocomplexes appear as a new alternative for antiparasitic therapy. Its action has been evaluated on different species of parasites of the Trypanosomatidae family, including species of the genus Leishmania. In this work, we evaluated the effect of a new Co (II) complex, against promastigotes of L. amazonensis of strain WHOM / BR / 75 / Josefa. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to evaluate the parasite's ultrastructure and confocal laser microscopy to check for death by autophagy of the parasite. The complex was able to induce ultrastructural changes in the parasite, such as the formation of autophagic vacuoles near the pouch region flagellar and myelin figure formations. Finally, tests with anti-LC3B labeling indicated the possible death of the parasite by autophagy

Macro-scale (biomes) differences in neotropical stream processes and community structure

The definition of conservation strategies and ecological assessment schemes requires understanding ecosystem patterns over multiple spatial scales. This study aimed to determine if macro-scale structural and functional (processes) patterns associated with stream ecosystems differed among three neotropical biomes (Cerrado, Amazon, Atlantic Forest). We compared the aquatic communities (benthic invertebrates and hyphomycetes) and processes (decomposition rates, primary production and biofilms growth and aquatic hyphomycetes reproduction rates-sporulation) of Cerrado stream sites (neotropical savannah) against those of stream sites in the connecting biomes of the Atlantic Forest and Amazon (rainforests). We expected that, contrary to the biome dependency hypothesis the community structure and processes rates of streams at the biome-scale would not differ significantly, because those ecosystems are strongly influenced by their dense riparian forests, which have a transitional character among the three biomes. Fifty-three stream sites were selected covering a wide range of geographic locations (Table 1), from near the Equator (2° S) in the Amazon, to intermediate latitudes in the Cerrado (12-19° S), and latitudes closer to the tropic of Capricorn in the Atlantic Forest (19º-25° S). We found that: 1) at the abiotic level, the aquatic ecosystems of the three biomes differed, which was mostly explained by large-scale factors such as temperature, precipitation and altitude; 2) functional and structural variables did not behave similarly among biomes: decomposition and sporulation rates showed larger differences among biomes than invertebrate and aquatic hyphomycete assemblages structure; 3) invertebrate assemblages structure differed between the rainforests and Cerrado but not between rainforests (Amazon and Atlantic Forest) whereas aquatic hyphomycetes were similar among all biomes; 4) biofilm growth and algae concentration in biofilms of artificial substrates were highly variable within biomes and not significantly different between biomes. Overall, aquatic ecosystem processes and community structure differed across biomes, being influenced by climatic variables, but the variation is not as pronounced as that described for terrestrial systems. Considering the potential use of these functional and structural indicators in national-wide ecological assessments, our results indicate the need to define different reference values for different biomes, depending on the variable used. The approach followed in this study allowed an integrative analysis and comparison of the stream ecosystems across three tropical biomes, being the first study of this kind. Future studies should try to confirm the patterns evidenced here with more sites from other areas of the three biomes, and especially from the Amazon, which was the least represented biome in our investigation. © 201

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O corpo como base da ética na teoria da motricidade humana: o desporto como foco de análise

A teoria da Motricidade Humana criada na d&eacute;cada de 1980 pelo portugu&ecirc;s Manuel S&eacute;rgio &eacute; uma presun&ccedil;&atilde;o que tenta dar bases epistemol&oacute;gicas para criar um novo paradigma a fim de pautar as pr&aacute;xis da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o F&iacute;sica. As bases da teoria se assentam numa perspectiva de corpo centrada na filosofia e ci&ecirc;ncias humanas para contrapor e somar as bases hist&oacute;ricas das pr&aacute;xis da Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o F&iacute;sica historicamente fundadas no corpo anatomo-biol&oacute;gico. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a centralidade do corpo para a constru&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma base &eacute;tica na teoria da Motricidade Humana. Para argumentar tal centralidade os autores estabelecem fundamentalmente um di&aacute;logo tensivo entre Nietzsche e Merleau-Ponty para fazer um paralelo de como Manuel S&eacute;rgio se apropria da filosofia de ambos para conceber o corpo enquanto dimens&atilde;o &eacute;tica na sua teoria