The Mediterranean diet: Effects on proteins that mediate fatty acid metabolism in the colon

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88101/1/j.1753-4887.2011.00439.x.pd

A Population's Distribution of Healthy Eating Index-2005 Component Scores Can Be Estimated When More Than One 24-Hour Recall Is Available1–3

The USDA's Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) is a tool to quantify the quality of diet consumed by individuals in the U.S. It comprises 12 components expressed as ratios of a food group or nutrient intake to energy intake. Components are scored on a scale from 0 to M, where M is 5, 10, or 20. Ideally, the HEI-2005 is calculated on the basis of the usual, or long-term average, dietary intake of an individual. In recent cycles of the NHANES, intake data have been collected via 24-h recalls for more than 1 d on most participants. We present here a statistical method to estimate a population's distribution of usual HEI-2005 component scores when ≥2 d of dietary information is available for a sample of individuals from the population. Distributions for the total population and for age-gender subgroups may be estimated. The method also yields an estimate of the population's mean total HEI-2005 score. Application of the method to NHANES data for 2001–2004 yielded estimated distributions for all 12 components; those of total vegetables (range 0–5), whole grains (range 0–5), and energy from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars (range 0–20) are presented. The total population mean scores for these components were 3.21, 1.00, and 8.41, respectively. An estimated 30% of the total population had a score of <2.5 for total vegetables. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that estimated distributions of usual HEI-2005 component scores have been published

Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cancer: a prospective cohort study123

Background: There is probable evidence that some types of fruit and vegetables provide protection against many cancers