279 research outputs found
Gas Chromatographic Method for the Quantitative Determination of a Hydrolytic Degradation Impurity in Busulfan Injectable Products.
An efficient and stability-indicating method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of tetrahydrofuran (THF), a hydrolytic degradation impurity, in Busulfan injectable pharmaceutical products by using gas chromatograph equipped with a liquid autosampler and a flame ionization detector. The chromatographic separation was performed on a fused silica capillary (Stabilwax; 60 m length à 0.32 mm i.d., 0.5 ”m film thickness) column. The methodology was validated in accordance with regulatory guidelines. The proposed method was found to be specific, stable, precise, linear, accurate, robust, and rugged in the concentration range from 4 to 1,080 ppm for THF. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the THF content in Busulfan injectable pharmaceutical products
Elevated Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression and Signaling in Muscle From Insulin-Resistant Subjects
OBJECTIVEâ Tall-like receptor (TLR)4 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of free fatty acid (FFA)-induced insulin resistance by activating inflammatory pathways, including inhibitor of ÎșB (IÎșB)/nuclear factor ÎșB (NFÎșB). However, it is not known whether insulin-resistant subjects have abnormal TLR4 signaling. We examined whether insulin-resistant subjects have abnormal TLR4 expression and TLR4-driven (IÎșB/NFÎșB) signaling in skeletal muscle
Synthesis and search for superconductivity in LiBC
Following the recent theoretical prediction of superconductivity in hole
doped LiBC by Rosner et al [1], we have attempted to synthesise Li deficient
LixBC (x = 1, 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4) and look for superconductivity in this system.
Our synthesis procedure, following the recipe for MgB2, involves reaction of
elemental components in a Ta crucible at 900o C under 50 bar of argon pressure.
X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the formation of P63/mmc structure up
to x=0.6. However, no diamagnetic signal or zero resistance, corresponding to
the superconducting transition, was observed in the temperature range of 300 to
4 K. This is possibly related to the presence of disorder in the B-C stacking;
evidence for which is suggested from a study of the vibrational modes of LixBC
through infrared spectroscopy.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures 1 tabl
Final analysis from RESONATE: Up to six years of followâup on ibrutinib in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma
Ibrutinib, a onceâdaily oral inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is approved in the United States and Europe for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The phase 3 RESONATE study showed improved efficacy of singleâagent ibrutinib over ofatumumab in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL, including those with highârisk features. Here we report the final analysis from RESONATE with median followâup on study of 65.3âmonths (range, 0.3â71.6) in the ibrutinib arm. Median progressionâfree survival (PFS) remained significantly longer for patients randomized to ibrutinib vs ofatumumab (44.1 vs 8.1âmonths; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.148; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.113â0.196; PË.001). The PFS benefit with ibrutinib vs ofatumumab was preserved in the genomic highârisk population with del(17p), TP53 mutation, del(11q), and/or unmutated IGHV status (median PFS 44.1 vs 8.0âmonths; HR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.080â0.152), which represented 82% of patients. Overall response rate with ibrutinib was 91% (complete response/complete response with incomplete bone marrow recovery, 11%). Overall survival, censored for crossover, was better with ibrutinib than ofatumumab (HR: 0.639; 95% CI: 0.418â0.975). With up to 71âmonths (median 41âmonths) of ibrutinib therapy, the safety profile remained consistent with prior reports; cumulatively, allâgrade (gradeââ„3) hypertension and atrial fibrillation occurred in 21% (9%) and 12% (6%) of patients, respectively. Only 16% discontinued ibrutinib because of adverse events (AEs). These longâterm results confirm the robust efficacy of ibrutinib in relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL irrespective of highârisk clinical or genomic features, with no unexpected AEs. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01578707)
Primordialists and Constructionists: a typology of theories of religion
This article adopts categories from nationalism theory to classify theories of religion. Primordialist explanations are grounded in evolutionary psychology and emphasize the innate human demand for religion. Primordialists predict that religion does not decline in the modern era but will endure in perpetuity. Constructionist theories argue that religious demand is a human construct. Modernity initially energizes religion, but subsequently undermines it. Unpacking these ideal types is necessary in order to describe actual theorists of religion. Three distinctions within primordialism and constructionism are relevant. Namely those distinguishing: a) materialist from symbolist forms of constructionism; b) theories of origins from those pertaining to the reproduction of religion; and c) within reproduction, between theories of religious persistence and secularization. This typology helps to make sense of theories of religion by classifying them on the basis of their causal mechanisms, chronology and effects. In so doing, it opens up new sightlines for theory and research
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
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