134 research outputs found
Semiotical Analisis of Digital Mediarepresentation
Transformation processes of modern society, connected with intense development of mass communication means are becoming a prestep of appearance and establishing of universal multi-media hyperenvironment, that, into all spheres of human activity
In Situ neutron diffraction study of effect of hydrogen on deformation mechanisms in austenitic and duplex steels
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First Human Isolate of Hantavirus (Andes virus) in the Americas
We isolated Andes virus (formal name: Andes virus [ANDV], a species in the genus Hantavirus), from serum of an asymptomatic 10-year-old Chilean boy who died 6 days later of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). The serum was obtained 12 days after his grandmother died from HPS and 2 days before he became febrile. No hantavirus immunoglobulin (Ig) G or IgM antibodies were detected in the serum sample. After three blind passages, ANDV antigens were detected in Vero E6 cells by immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and ANDV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A fragment of the virus genome showed 96.2% nucleotide identity with that of prototype ANDV. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of any agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from a human and the first such isolation of hantavirus before symptoms of that syndrome or HPS began
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π ΠΠΠ¬ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ£ΠΠ¬Π’Π£Π Π ΠΠ Π ΠΠ¨ΠΠΠΠ
The article considers and substantiates the structure of arable lands of such leguminous crops as yellow and blue lupine, ο¬eld and green pea, soya, and perennial leguminous crops β red clover and eastern galega. The results of the research on creation of new varieties and samples of yellow and blue lupine, soya, red clover and eastern galega are described.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ., Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ β ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΈ, ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Roles of Small GTPase Rac1 in the Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton during Dengue Virus Infection
An important clinical characteristic of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is increased vascular permeability. Actin cytoskeleton is a significant element of endothelial barrier function regulation. In vitro study showed that dengue virus infection could induce redistributions of actin cytoskeleton. It is not precisely clear the roles of actin and the mechanisms of its reorganization during the infection. Using immunochemical assays, drug inhibition assays and protein interaction profiling methods, we aimed to identify the ways in which dengue virus serotype 2 interacts with actin cytoskeleton. The study showed that dynamic treadmilling of actin is necessary for dengue virus entry, production and release, while small GTPase Rac1 also plays multiple roles during these processes. In addition, we demonstrated the association of viral E protein with actin, indicating a direct effect of viral protein on the structural modifications of actin cytoskeleton. Our results provide evidence for the participation of Rac1 signaling pathways in viral protein-induced actin reorganizations, which may be a mechanism involved in the etiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever
Efficient Cellular Release of Rift Valley Fever Virus Requires Genomic RNA
The Rift Valley fever virus is responsible for periodic, explosive epizootics throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The development of therapeutics targeting this virus is difficult due to a limited understanding of the viral replicative cycle. Utilizing a virus-like particle system, we have established roles for each of the viral structural components in assembly, release, and virus infectivity. The envelope glycoprotein, Gn, was discovered to be necessary and sufficient for packaging of the genome, nucleocapsid protein and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase into virus particles. Additionally, packaging of the genome was found to be necessary for the efficient release of particles, revealing a novel mechanism for the efficient generation of infectious virus. Our results identify possible conserved targets for development of anti-phlebovirus therapies
The 3β² Untranslated Region of the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein mRNA Specifically Interacts with Cellular PCBP2 Protein and Promotes Transcript Stability
Viral polymerase entry and pausing at intergenic junctions is predicted to lead to a defined polarity in the levels of rhabdovirus gene expression. Interestingly, we observed that the rabies virus glycoprotein mRNA is differentially over-expressed based on this model relative to other transcripts during infection of 293T cells. During infection, the rabies virus glycoprotein mRNA also selectively interacts with the cellular poly(rC)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2), a factor known to influence mRNA stability. Reporter assays performed both in electroporated cells and in a cell-free RNA decay system indicate that the conserved portion of the 3β² UTR of the rabies virus glycoprotein mRNA contains an RNA stability element. PCBP2 specifically interacts with reporter transcripts containing this 72 base 3β² UTR sequence. Furthermore, the PCBP2 interaction is directly associated with the stability of reporter transcripts. Therefore, we conclude that PCBP2 specifically and selectively interacts with the rabies virus glycoprotein mRNA and that this interaction may contribute to the post-transcriptional regulation of glycoprotein expression
Induction of Protective CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Immunity by a Leishmania Peptide Delivered in Recombinant Influenza Viruses
The available evidence suggests that protective immunity to Leishmania is achieved by priming the CD4+ Th1 response. Therefore, we utilised a reverse genetics strategy to generate influenza A viruses to deliver an immunogenic Leishmania peptide. The single, immunodominant Leishmania-specific LACK158β173 CD4+ peptide was engineered into the neuraminidase stalk of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses. These recombinant viruses were used to vaccinate susceptible BALB/c mice to determine whether the resultant LACK158β173-specific CD4+ T cell responses protected against live L. major infection. We show that vaccination with influenza-LACK158β173 triggers LACK158β173-specific Th1-biased CD4+ T cell responses within an appropriate cytokine milieu (IFN-Ξ³, IL-12), essential for the magnitude and quality of the Th1 response. A single intraperitoneal exposure (non-replicative route of immunisation) to recombinant influenza delivers immunogenic peptides, leading to a marked reduction (2β4 log) in parasite burden, albeit without reduction in lesion size. This correlated with increased numbers of IFN-Ξ³-producing CD4+ T cells in vaccinated mice compared to controls. Importantly, the subsequent prime-boost approach with a serologically distinct strain of influenza (H1N1->H3N2) expressing LACK158β173 led to a marked reduction in both lesion size and parasite burdens in vaccination trials. This protection correlated with high levels of IFN-Ξ³ producing cells in the spleen, which were maintained for 6 weeks post-challenge indicating the longevity of this protective effector response. Thus, these experiments show that Leishmania-derived peptides delivered in the context of recombinant influenza viruses are immunogenic in vivo, and warrant investigation of similar vaccine strategies to generate parasite-specific immunity
Induction and function of virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses
CD4+ T cells -- often referred to as T-helper cells -- play a central role in immune defense and pathogenesis. Virus infections and vaccines stimulate and expand populations of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in mice and in man. These virus-specific CD4+ T cells are extremely important in antiviral protection: deficiencies in CD4+ T cells are associated with virus reactivation, generalized susceptibility to opportunistic infections, and poor vaccine efficacy. As described below, CD4+ T cells influence effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses, humoral immunity, and the antimicrobial activity of macrophages and are involved in recruiting cells to sites of infection. This review summarizes a few key points about the dynamics of the CD4+ T cell response to virus infection, the positive role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the differentiation of virus-specific CD4+ T cells, and new areas of investigation to improve vaccines against virus infection
Epithelial cell lines of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) are highly susceptible in vitro models to zoonotic Bunya-, Rhabdo-, and Flaviviruses
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