Penerapan Teori Akad pada Perbankan Syariah

This article discuss about theory concept of transactions in Islamic banking products. In collecting and distributing funds, Islamic banking used variety of transactions, such as deposit transactions (wadî'ah yad amânah, wadî'ah yad dhamânah), transactions for results (mudhârabah, musyârakah), buying and selling (murâbahah, salâm, istishnâ'), lease transactions (ijârah, ijârah wa iqtinâ', atau ijârah muntahiyah bi al-tamlîk), loan transactions (qardh), and transactions with other patterns (wakâlah, kafâlah, hiwâlah, rahn). Murâbahah and salâm transactions are used for collecting the funds and mudhârabah muthlaqah and wadî'ah are used for funding. Meanwhile, ijârah and wakâlah are used in loan transactions that implemented in a bank guarantee.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v4i1.253

Asuransi dalam Pandangan Ulama Fikih Kontemporer

Dalam khazanah fiqh Islam klasik permasalahan asuransi dalam bentuk implementasinya yang sekarang ini memang belum dikenal, karena itu tidak didapatkan status hukumnya dalam kitab-kitab mereka. Namun demikian, kajian tentang asuransi dalam perspektif Islam kontemporer sebenarnya sudah cukup banyak dilakukan oleh para ahli hukum, baik ahli hukum Islam secara khusus maupun ahli ekonomi Islam secara umum. Mengingat asuransi ini adalah masalah yang relatif baru yang belum ada kejelasan status hukumnya pada masa pra Islam, maka perdebatan yang terjadi sekitar hukum asuransipun tidak bisa dielakkan. Sebagian ulama ada yang mengharamkannya dengan alasan adanya unsur riba, sama dengan perjudian, mengandung penipuan, ekploitasi, dan lain-lain.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v2i2.248

Toxicity induced by Solanapyrone A in Chickpea shoots and its metabolism through Glutathione/Glutathione-S-Transferase system

Solanapyrone A and C were isolated from a Pakistani isolate of Ascochyta rabiei, Pk-1. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the phytotoxic effects of the most potent toxin, solanapyrone A on chickpea cultivars and its subsequent detoxification through glutathion/glutathion-s-transferase(GST) system. When the shoots of cultivars were fed solanapyrone A, symptoms mimicking to Ascochyta blight appeared and extent of manifestation of symptoms varied with the cultivar. In the first experiment, the effect of three different plant ages of 2 cultivars with different levels of resistance to toxin was determined in terms of GST activity unit. GST activity in Balkasar-2000 (a resistant cultivar) increased 1.92 times, 1.72 and 1.65 times in two-week-old seedling, eight-week-old and adult plants (all treated) respectively as compared to their respective controls. In the highly susceptible cultivar, AUG-424, a slight increase (1.14 times) over control was noticed in GST activity at all the three ages. In the second experiment, where shoots of three cultivars were tested against 2 doses of the toxin, an increase in GST activity in Noor-91 (a moderately susceptible cultivar) and AUG-424 was significantly less than resistant cultivar, Balkasar-2000 showing direct relationship between resistance and activity of the enzyme. It may be concluded that it is a reason for difference in response of cultivars to the disease

Edible mushrooms as potential functional foods in amelioration of hypertension

Edible mushrooms are popular functional foods attributed to their rich nutritional bioactive constituent profile influencing cardiovascular function. Edible mushrooms are omnipresent in various prescribed Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean diet, and fortified meal plans as they are rich in amino acids, dietary fiber, proteins, sterols, vitamins, and minerals. However, without an understanding of the influence of mushroom bioactive constituents, mechanism of action on heart and allergenicity, it is difficult to fully comprehend the role of mushrooms as dietary interventions in alleviating hypertension and other cardiovascular malfunctions. To accomplish this endeavor, we chose to review edible mushrooms and their bioactive constituents in ameliorating hypertension. Hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are interrelated and if the former is managed by dietary changes, it is postulated that overall heart health could also be improved. With a concise note on different edible varieties of mushrooms, a particular focus is presented on the antihypertensive potential of mushroom bioactive constituents, mode of action, absorption kinetics and bioavailability. Ergosterol, lovastatin, cordycepin, tocopherols, chitosan, ergothioneine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, quercetin, and eritadenine are described as essential bioactives with hypotensive effects. Finally, safety concerns on allergens and limitations of consuming edible mushrooms with special reference to chemical toxins and their postulated metabolites are highlighted. It is opined that the present review will redirect toxicologists to further investigate mushroom bioactives and allergens, thereby influencing dietary interventions for heart health.Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy-Composites: Electrical And Mechanical Characterization

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) got great attention because of their interesting physical and mechanical properties. Due to these interesting properties observed at the nanoscale have motivated scientific community to utilize CNTs as reinforcement in composite materials. In the present study, different CNTs and epoxy nano-composites with different wt% (1, 2, 3, and 4%) of f-MWCNTs were prepared and their surface morphology and orientation has been investigated in detail. Further, the surface investigation, electrical and mechanical tests were carried out on CNTs-filled and unfilled epoxy at maximum sonication time 30 minute to identify the loading effect on the properties of the materials. Experimental results depicts well dispersion of f-MWCNTs, significant improvement that the resistivity of pure epoxy decreased from 108 .m to average value 103 .m with 1, 2, 3, and 4wt% f-MWCNTs. The 4.5wt% CNTs/epoxy was attributed to poor dispersion of f-MWCNTs in the nanocomposte. The hardness of nanocomposite loading 1, 2, 3, 4wt% of CNTs, increased 20.7%, 23.02%, 25.62%, 29.09% respectively as compared to pure epoxy. We believe that our strategy for obtaining CNT–reinforced epoxy nanocomposites is a very promising technology and will open a new doors in fields of aviation, aerospace, marine and sporting goods

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Study of fixed-duration design rainfalls in Australian rainfall runoff and joint probability based design rainfalls

Rainfall, in terms of its intensity, duration and temporal patterns, known as design rainfall, is the basic input to many hydrological models. Estimation of design rainfall is based on frequency analysis of historical rainfall data. The design rainfalls in Australia are provided in its national guideline known as Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) – a guide to flood estimation, published by the Institution of Engineers Australia. An alternative approach to ARR method is a joint probability based method, which considers rainfall event duration as a random variable. This allows accounting for the joint probabilistic nature of the rainfall duration and depth in a more rigorous manner. This joint probability based design rainfalls can be used to estimate design floods using a Joint Probability Approach, which considers the probabilistic behavior of the input variables and model parameters in an explicit manner in the flood estimation. This paper investigates the design rainfall estimates using the two above approaches using rainfall data from Victoria state in Australia. This in particular examines the sampling properties of the rainfall events in the two approaches to identify any systematic differences between them. It has been found that ARR design rainfall estimates are generally higher than the joint probability based estimates, however these differences vary with locations, durations and average recurrence intervals. The results of this study offer insights into the two methods of rainfall analysis, which will assist in developing a link between the two types of design rainfalls

Comparative study of hydrologic models for watershed management in a Himalayan catchment

The Great Himalayan Region is considered one of the most fragile and delicate ecosystems in the world. The region is geologically active. The kingdom of Nepal is situated in this region and hosts some of the highest, rugged and steep watersheds in the world. In recent years the region has come under ever-increasing threat of land and water degradation, soil erosion and water quality problems. Watershed management is an effective means of conserving ecosystem. Application of hydrological models in a watershed can provide effective catchment management options. Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF), Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and MIKEll Rainfall Runoff Modelling System (NAM) are three widely used hydrological simulation models. All these models have been successfully tested around the globe. This paper made an attempt to investigate the suitability of these models in a highly mountainous and geologically sensitive watershed in Nepal