7,591 research outputs found
Exploring universal patterns in human home-work commuting from mobile phone data
Home-work commuting has always attracted significant research attention
because of its impact on human mobility. One of the key assumptions in this
domain of study is the universal uniformity of commute times. However, a true
comparison of commute patterns has often been hindered by the intrinsic
differences in data collection methods, which make observation from different
countries potentially biased and unreliable. In the present work, we approach
this problem through the use of mobile phone call detail records (CDRs), which
offers a consistent method for investigating mobility patterns in wholly
different parts of the world. We apply our analysis to a broad range of
datasets, at both the country and city scale. Additionally, we compare these
results with those obtained from vehicle GPS traces in Milan. While different
regions have some unique commute time characteristics, we show that the
home-work time distributions and average values within a single region are
indeed largely independent of commute distance or country (Portugal, Ivory
Coast, and Boston)--despite substantial spatial and infrastructural
differences. Furthermore, a comparative analysis demonstrates that such
distance-independence holds true only if we consider multimodal commute
behaviors--as consistent with previous studies. In car-only (Milan GPS traces)
and car-heavy (Saudi Arabia) commute datasets, we see that commute time is
indeed influenced by commute distance
Freeze-out parameters: lattice meets experiment
We present our results for ratios of higher order fluctuations of electric
charge as functions of the temperature. These results are obtained in a system
of 2+1 quark flavors at physical quark masses and continuum extrapolated. We
compare them to preliminary data on higher order moments of the net electric
charge distribution from the STAR collaboration. This allows us to determine
the freeze-out temperature and chemical potential from first principles. We
also show continuum-extrapolated results for ratios of higher order
fluctuations of baryon number. These will allow to test the consistency of the
approach, by comparing them to the corresponding experimental data (once they
become available) and thus extracting the freeze-out parameters in an
independent way.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, revte
Quark number susceptibilities: lattice QCD versus PNJL model
Quark number susceptibilities at finite quark chemical potential are
investigated in the framework of the Polyakov-loop-extended Nambu Jona-Lasinio
(PNJL) model. A detailed comparison is performed between the available lattice
data, extrapolated using a Taylor expansion around vanishing chemical
potential, and PNJL results consistently obtained from a Taylor series
truncated at the same order. The validity of the Taylor expansion is then
examined through a comparison between the full and truncated PNJL model
calculations.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
Freeze-out parameters from electric charge and baryon number fluctuations: is there consistency?
Recent results for moments of multiplicity distributions of net-protons and
net-electric charge from the STAR collaboration are compared to lattice QCD
results for higher order fluctuations of baryon number and electric charge by
the Wuppertal-Budapest collaboration, with the purpose of extracting the
freeze-out temperature and chemical potential. All lattice simulations are
performed for a system of 2+1 dynamical quark flavors, at the physical mass for
light and strange quarks; all results are continuum extrapolated. We show that
it is possible to extract an upper value for the freeze-out temperature, as
well as precise baryo-chemical potential values corresponding to the four
highest collision energies of the experimental beam energy scan. Consistency
between the freeze-out parameters obtained from baryon number and electric
charge fluctuations is found. The freeze-out chemical potentials are now in
agreement with the statistical hadronization model.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, references added, discussion added to the
introduction, results unchange
The problem of repulsive quark interactions - Lattice versus mean field models
We calculate the 2nd and 4th order quark number susceptibilities at zero
baryochemical potential, using a PNJL approach and an approach which includes,
in a single model, quark and hadronic degrees of freedom. We observe that the
susceptibilities are very sensitive to possible quark-quark vector
interactions. Compared to lattice data our results suggest that above any
mean field type of repulsive vector interaction can be excluded from model
calculations. Below our results show only very weak sensitivity on the
strength of the quark and hadronic vector interaction. The best description of
lattice data around is obtained for a case of coexistence of hadronic and
quark degrees of freedom.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure, version accepted by PL
The QCD phase diagram from analytic continuation
We present the crossover line between the quark gluon plasma and the hadron
gas phases for small real chemical potentials. First we determine the effect of
imaginary values of the chemical potential on the transition temperature using
lattice QCD simulations. Then we use various formulas to perform an analytic
continuation to real values of the baryo-chemical potential. Our data set
maintains strangeness neutrality to match the conditions of heavy ion physics.
The systematic errors are under control up to MeV. For the
curvature of the transition line we find that there is an approximate agreement
between values from three different observables: the chiral susceptibility,
chiral condensate and strange quark susceptibility. The continuum extrapolation
is based on 10, 12 and 16 lattices. By combining the analysis for these
three observables we find, for the curvature, the value .Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, revised versio
Water-based Public Transport Accessibility. A Case Study in the Internal Waters of Northern Italy
Accessibility to public transport systems is a key factor for the social inclusion and quality of life of people with disabilities. This paper presents an analysis of the accessibility of the water public transport service run by Navigazione Laghi on lakes Maggiore, Como and Garda in Northern Italy. The study is focused on ‘water buses’, namely small ferries operating on short, scheduled routes, with one or two decks, that do not transport vehicles and that are not equipped with bed cabins. In particular, as a case study, this paper examines a ferry of the series Airone, 24 m passenger-only units built in 2008‒2011. These units are relevant because they represent about 10% of the whole fleet of Navigazione Laghi
The QCD equation of state at finite density from analytical continuation
We determine the equation of state of QCD at finite chemical potential, to
order , for a system of 2+1 quark flavors. The simulations are
performed at the physical mass for the light and strange quarks on several
lattice spacings; the results are continuum extrapolated using lattices of up
to temporal resolution. The QCD pressure and interaction measure are
calculated along the isentropic trajectories in the plane
corresponding to the RHIC Beam Energy Scan collision energies. Their behavior
is determined through analytic continuation from imaginary chemical potentials
of the baryonic density. We also determine the Taylor expansion coefficients
around from the simulations at imaginary chemical potentials.
Strangeness neutrality and charge conservation are imposed, to match the
experimental conditions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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