67 research outputs found
Behavior and diet of the Critically Endangered Eulemur cinereiceps in Manombo forest, southeast Madagascar
Manombo Special Reserve is a parcel of rainforest along the southeastern coast of Madagascar, containing eight lemur species, including the White-collared brown lemur (Eulemur cinereiceps [Eulemur albocollaris]). Following a drastic cyclone in the region in January of 1997, the population of E. cinereiceps at Manombo was reduced by half. Results indicate that individuals of this critically endangered species at Manombo consume a total of 54 plant species belonging to 24 families, with over two-thirds of the diet comprised of ripe and unripe fruits. White-collared brown lemurs also opportunistically feed on novel food items and invasive plants in their recovering habitat. We report the first record of E. cinereiceps consuming a shelf fungus species growing on invasive trees. During feeding, lemurs tore pieces of the fungus from the trees with their hands and mouth (chewing cycle duration mean 0.28 s; SD 0.01). White-collared brown lemurs also consumed spicy fruits of a non-native plant species (Aframomum angustifolium) growing in highly disturbed open areas. Feeding bouts typically began by stripping away the outer covering with the anterior dentition, with pulp and seeds then consumed (chewing cycle duration mean 0.22 s; SD 0.005). This is the first record of consumption of either of these resources for any lemur species at Manombo. Ability to feed on items like A. angustifolium may permit E. cinereiceps to avoid competition with other species in this highly degraded forest environment.RĂSUMĂ La RĂ©serve SpĂ©ciale de Manombo est un fragment de forĂȘt dense humide de basse altitude et situĂ©e le long de la cĂŽte Sud-est de Madagascar. Cette partie de forĂȘt abrite au total huit espĂšces de lĂ©muriens, y compris le LĂ©mur Ă collier blanc (Eulemur cinereiceps [Eulemur albocollaris]). Le passage dramatique du cyclone Gretelle dans la rĂ©gion en janvier 1997 a rĂ©duit de moitiĂ© la taille de la population dâE. cinereiceps dans sa zone de distribution. Les rĂ©sultats des Ă©tudes effectuĂ©es sur les individus restants de cette espĂšce, qui est classĂ©e comme Gravement MenacĂ©e, permettent dâĂ©numĂ©rer un total de 54 espĂšces de plantes appartenant Ă 24 familles qui sont consommĂ©es par lâespĂšce. Dâautre part, deux tiers du rĂ©gime alimentaire dâE. cinereiceps sont reprĂ©sentĂ©s par des fruits mĂ»rs ou non. Le LĂ©mur Ă collier blanc consomme occasionnellement une quantitĂ© assez importante de plantes envahissantes pour assurer ses besoins nutritifs, ce qui nâest pas habituel dans lâhistoire naturelle de la vie des lĂ©muriens. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude constitue Ă©galement la premiĂšre observation de consommation dâune espĂšce inconnue de champignon par les reprĂ©sentants dâE. cinereiceps. Dans le prĂ©sent cas, ledit champignon venait juste de pousser sur un pied mort de Cecropia peltata, une espĂšce allogĂšne et envahissante de la rĂ©gion. Durant la prise de nourriture, lâanimal a arrachĂ© des morceaux du champignon sur lâarbre mort avec la main et puis la bouche. La partie consommĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© mĂąchĂ©e par lâanimal pendant une pĂ©riode de 0,28 s. Le LĂ©mur Ă collier blanc consomme aussi des fruits Ă©picĂ©s dâune espĂšce de plante allogĂšne (Aframomum angustifolium) qui ne pousse que dans des zones ouvertes et extrĂȘmement dĂ©gradĂ©es. La prise de nourriture sur cette espĂšce de plante commence par lâenlĂšvement de la partie dure du fruit, pour cela lâanimal utilise ses dents antĂ©rieures trĂšs puissantes, puis il tire soigneusement en mĂȘme temps avec ses dents et sa langue la partie charnue et les graines. Cette prise de nourriture sâeffectue pendant une pĂ©riode dâenviron 0,22 s. CâĂ©tait la premiĂšre fois dans lâhistoire des lĂ©muriens de Manombo que des observations ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es sur un animal en train de manger des espĂšces de plantes inhabituelles. Lâaptitude de manger des espĂšces de plantes telle que A. angustifolium pourrait permettre Ă E. cinereiceps dâĂ©viter la compĂ©tition avec les autres espĂšces de lĂ©muriens vivant dans cet environnement dĂ©gradĂ©
Three flying fox (Pteropodidae: Pteropus rufus) roosts, three conservation challenges in southeastern Madagascar
We visited three roosts of the Madagascar flying fox Pteropus rufus in December 2005 in the Anosy Region. Colony size was 900 at Berenty Private Reserve, 412 at Amborabao and 54 at Sainte Luce, based on single counts at each site. Hunting at the roost is prohibited at Berenty but P. rufus is trapped at night in the area surrounding the reserve, where it feeds on sisal. At Amborabao, the bats roost in a sacred forest and hunting is forbidden. At Sainte Luce, the forest is highly degraded and the bats are hunted frequently, despite efforts to engage the local community in forest conservation. Questionnaires with people living near the roosts revealed the flying foxes were regarded as pests of litchis in Amborabao and Sainte Luce. Berenty is the only site where tourists are able to observe roosting P. rufus. The role of sacred forests and local taboos (fady) is very relevant for P. rufus conservation and might be the only practical mechanism in sites where legislation on hunting and land use is not being enforced. RĂSUMĂTrois gĂźtes de Pteropus rufus ont Ă©tĂ© visitĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion Anosy en dĂ©cembre 2005. La population Ă©tait composĂ©e de 900 individus Ă Berenty, 412 Ă Amborabao et 54 Ă Sainte Luce, le comptage ayant Ă©tĂ© fait une seule fois dans chaque gĂźte. La chasse au dortoir est interdite Ă Berenty mais P. rufus est capturĂ© la nuit, lorsque les individus se nourrissent dans les plantations de sisal environnantes. A Amborabao, le dortoir se trouve dans une forĂȘt sacrĂ©e oĂč la chasse est interdite. A Sainte Luce, la forĂȘt est extrĂȘmement dĂ©gradĂ©e et les chauves-souris sont chassĂ©es frĂ©quemment malgrĂ© les efforts pour impliquer la communautĂ© locale dans la conservation de la forĂȘt. Les interviews avec les gens vivant prĂšs des dortoirs ont montrĂ© que les P. rufus sont considĂ©rĂ©s comme nuisibles car consommateurs de fruits de litchis Ă Amborabao et Sainte Luce. Berenty est le seul site oĂč les touristes peuvent observer P. rufus au dortoir. Les forĂȘts sacrĂ©es, les croyances locales et les tabous (fady) sont importants pour la conservation de P. rufus et pourraient ĂȘtre les seuls facteurs pour expliquer le respect des rĂ©gulations cynĂ©gĂ©tiques et fonciĂšres
Quelle place du conseil agricole dans les services support a l'innovation a Madagascar?
Open Access Article; Published online: 19 Jul 2021Le conseil agricole occupe une place prĂ©pondĂ©rante dans lâappui aux processus dâinnovation,
particuliĂšrement dans les pays du Sud. Or, lâaccompagnement de lâinnovation nĂ©cessite une diversitĂ© de
formes dâappuis, appelĂ©s services support Ă lâinnovation (SSI). Ă partir dâune analyse exploratoire Ă
Madagascar, cet article questionne la place du conseil agricole vis-à -vis de la diversité des organisations et
des activitĂ©s dâaccompagnement de lâinnovation. Les principales organisations fournissant des SSI ont Ă©tĂ©
étudiées dans quatre régions des Hautes Terres de Madagascar et leur offre de SSI caractérisée. Les résultats
montrent que le conseil technique reste prĂ©pondĂ©rant dans lâĂ©ventail de lâoffre de SSI, avec un fort
pluralisme des fournisseurs de conseil et une diversité de combinaisons avec les autres SSI. Or, les porteurs
dâinnovation doivent bĂ©nĂ©ficier dâautres SSI, tels que le renforcement de capacitĂ©, la mise en rĂ©seau, des
appuis institutionnels, un accĂšs au financement, intrants et Ă©quipements nĂ©cessaires Ă lâinnovation. Ces
rĂ©sultats appellent Ă renouveler les postures du conseiller agricole vers davantage dâappui au renforcement
de capacitĂ© et interrogent la stratĂ©gie des organisations vis-Ă -vis de leur appui Ă lâinnovation : la
spĂ©cialisation dans le conseil, la combinaison Ă dâautres SSI ou la collaboration avec dâautres organisations.
Ces Ă©lĂ©ments renouvellent le constat du pluralisme de lâoffre de conseil qui, analysĂ© par le prisme des SSI, ne
sâapplique pas seulement Ă lâĂ©chelon de lâagent-conseiller ou de lâorganisation, mais Ă©galement dans des
rĂ©seaux dâorganisations aux configurations variables. Les perspectives de cette analyse sont dâassurer la
coordination des dispositifs de conseil avec les autres fournisseurs de SSI pour une plus grande efficacité
dans lâaccompagnement des porteurs dâinnovation.
Which place of agricultural advisory services among innovation support services in
Madagascar? Agricultural advisory services play a major role in supporting innovation processes,
particularly in developing countries. However, innovation support requires a variety of forms of support,
called innovation support services (ISS). Based on an exploratory analysis in Madagascar, this article
examines the role of agricultural advisory services in relation to the diversity of organizations and activities
to support innovation. We interviewed the main organizations acting as providers of ISS in four geographic
regions of the Highlands of Madagascar and we characterized their ISS offer. Results show that the technical
advice service remains the most common type of ISS offered, with a high degree of pluralism among the
providers of advice and a diversity of combinations with other ISS. However, innovators need to benefit
from other ISS, such as capacity building, networking, institutional support and access to finance, inputs and
equipment necessary for innovation. These results call for a renewal of the postures of the agricultural advisors towards more support oriented toward capacity building. They question the strategy of the
organizations with regard to their support for innovation: a specialization in advisory service, a combination
with other ISS or a collaboration with other organizations. Those results renew insights into the pluralism of
the offer of advisory services. When analyzed through the prism of ISS, those services are not only applied at
the level of the advisor or the advisory organization, but also at the level of the supporting network, which
may exhibit various configurations. Perspectives call for a better coordination of advisory systems with the
other service providers in order to ensure greater efficiency in supporting innovators
Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world's primates from extinction
Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved.Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples' lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples' lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples' lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world's primates.Peer reviewe
Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the worldâs primates from extinction
Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoplesâ lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoplesâ lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoplesâ lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the worldâs primates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Dietary flexibility of the greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus), a specialized feeder, in eastern Madagascar
The degree of dietary flexibility in primates is species specific; some incorporate a wider array of resources than others. Extreme interannual weather variability in Madagascar results in seasonal resource scarcity which has been linked to specialized behaviors in lemurs. Prolemur simus, for example, has been considered an obligate specialist on large culm bamboo with >60% of its diet composed of woody bamboos requiring morphological and physiological adaptations to process. Recent studies reported an everâexpanding list of dietary items, suggesting that this species may not be an obligate specialist. However, longâterm quantitative feeding data are unavailable across this speciesâ range. To explore the dietary flexibility of P. simus, we collected data at two northern sites, Ambalafary and Sahavola, and one southern site, Vatovavy, from September 2010 to January 2016 and May 2017 to September 2018, respectively. In total, we recorded 4022 h of behavioral data using instantaneous sampling of adult males and females from one group in Ambalafary, and two groups each in Sahavola and Vatovavy. We recorded 45 plant species eaten by P. simus over 7 years. We also observed significant differences in seasonal dietary composition between study sites. In Ambalafary, bamboo was the most frequently observed resource consumed (92.2%); however, nonâbamboo resources comprised nearly oneâthird of the diet of P. simus in Sahavola and over 60% in Vatovavy. Consumption of all bamboo resources increased during the dry season at Ambalafary and during the wet season at Vatovavy, but never exceeded nonâbamboo feeding at the latter. Culm pith feeding was only observed at Ambalafary, where it was more common during the dry season. We identify P. simus as a bamboo facultative specialist capable of adjusting its feeding behavior to its environment, indicating greater dietary flexibility than previously documented, which may enable the species to survive in increasingly degraded habitats
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