Hugé, J.

Lavitra, T.

Ratsimbazafy, H.

Open Marine Archive

 108 
Genesis & future of Marine Protected Areas in Madagascar: A Delphi-
based approach to inform sustainable management 
Ratsimbazafy Hajaniaina
1
, Ratsimbazafy Hajaniaina
2
, Lavitra Thierry
3
, Hugé Jean
4
 and Hugé Jean
5 
1
  Marine biology, Biodiversity & Ecology, DBIO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, 
Belgium 
E-mail: Hajaniaina.Ratsimbazafy@vub.be 
2
  Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Université de Toliara, Madagascar, BP 141, Tulear 
601, Madagascar 
3
  Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Madagascar, BP 141, Tulear 601, Madagascar 
4
  Systems Ecology & Resoutce Management Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin 
Roosevelt 50, 1050 Brussels, Belgium 
5
  General Botany & Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 
1050 Brussels, Belgium 
 
About 80% of the population of Madagascar depends entirely on natural resources for their 
livelihoods. In term of natural resources, Madagascar is well known as a biodiversity hotspot with a 
high percentage of endemism. This high importance of natural resources has led to the commitment 
of the Malagasy government, during the IUCN World Parks Congress of 2003 in Durban, to triple by 
2012 the total area of protected areas in Madagascar (which now stands at 10% of the total area of 
the country). By 2016, only 79% of that goal was achieved and only 0.1% was assigned for Marine 
Protected Area (MPA). During the latest IUCN World Parks Congress in Sydney (November 2014), 
Madagascar is now committed to triple the extent of its MPAs by 2020. Thus, information is urgently 
needed to support decision-makers in the selection and management of setting of a sustainable and 
efficient MPA network around the island. To assess and inform the process leading to the 
identification of MPAs, and in order to feed the reflection on the future management of MPAs in 
Madagascar, we performed an iterative expert survey using the Delphi approach. 
 
We analyse the historical outline of MPA development and develop exploratory scenarios regarding 
the further development and management of MPAs in Madagascar. The Delphi survey was developed 
based on the Policy Arrangement Approach (PAA), which analyses the set-up & management of MPAs 
by focusing on four dimensions: the actors and their coalitions involved in the policy domain, the 
resources (mobilization, division and deployment), the rules of the game (actual political rules and 
other form of interaction, formal procedures, decision making…) and the current policy discourses 
(views and narratives of the actors involved). 
 
Based on the Delphi survey, we provide a range of recommendations to decision-makers regarding 
MPA development in Madagascar. 
 
Keywords: Delphi; PAA; MPA; management; governance; policy; Madagascar  


Genesis & future of Marine Protected Areas in Madagascar: a Delphi-based approach to inform sustainable management

http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/311662.pdf

Genesis & future of Marine Protected Areas in Madagascar: a Delphi-based approach to inform sustainable management

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