El audiovisual como recurso didáctico en el aula: Creación de dibujos animados con Muvizu

La utilización de los medios audiovisuales en la educación musical está ampliamente documentada y especialmente desde la implementación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Desde su incorporación se han desarrollado multitud de metodologías y recursos tanto para el estudio como para el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades. El artículo desarrolla una propuesta didáctica en el aula de Educación Infantil con el audiovisual como recurso implementado a través del dibujo animado. El objetivo principal es mostrar el audiovisual como elemento mediador entre los contenidos curriculares y el alumnado, puesto que los contenidos curriculares se vuelven más atractivos al verse incrementada la atención y motivación del alumnado

The current limitations of blockchain traceability: challenges from industry

Blockchain technology is a chain of cryptographically linked blocks. It was designed to be immutable, so that the identity and traceability of the information entered would be guaranteed. After analyzing several traceability solutions, in the context of a Spanish company project, it was found that in order for a traceability solution to be efficient and agile, an additional layer is necessary in the blockchain. Since this need originated in the industrial sector, the subject has awakened considerable interest in the research community. This paper explains why the extra layer is essential and why it should ideally be totally independent of the information that is recorded on the blockchain network. Although data in a blockchain network is immutable, the paper also outlines the need for additional verification mechanisms capable of determining whether the raw data was correct. Finally, it includes planned future work.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2019-105455GB-C31Junta de Andalucía CEI-12-TIC02

Incremento de resistencia a compresión en ladrillo de polvo de mármol

Mexico is one of the world's leading marble producers (Servicio Geológico Mexicano, 2021). However, this production process generates waste that represents up to 20% of the total (Aukour, 2009). This waste, which amounts to 93,700 tons, is not regulated or treated, resulting in the contamination of flora, fauna, and groundwater (Aukour, 2009). The objective of this research is to take advantage of this waste in the construction industry, specifically in the manufacture of marble dust bricks. The study focuses on increasing the compressive strength of these bricks, following the standards established by NMX-C-404-2012-ONNCCE. The base dosage, carried out by Moreno Juárez, Ponce Palafox, López Montelongo and Cárdenas Díaz (2020), consists of marble dust, sand, cement and water, with the percentages based on the amount of marble dust. Modifications were made in the dosage, such as changing sand for manufactured sand and varying the amount of water. The compressive strength tests showed that the experimental samples, with modifications in the dosage, outperformed the reference sample and met the standards established by NMX-C-441-ONNCCE-2011. The increase in strength was due to an excess of water in the dosage of the reference sample, which was not completely absorbed by the sand. This resulted in a higher water-cement ratio and lower compressive strength. The sample with 30% water showed a 29.03% increase in strength compared to the reference sample.México es uno de los principales productores de mármol a nivel mundial (Servicio Geológico Mexicano, 2021). Sin embargo, este proceso de producción genera desperdicios que representan hasta un 20% del total (Aukour, 2009). Estos desperdicios, que alcanzan las 93,700 toneladas, no están regulados ni tratados, lo que resulta en la contaminación de la flora, fauna y mantos freáticos (Aukour, 2009). El objetivo de esta investigación es aprovechar estos desperdicios en la industria de la construcción, específicamente en la fabricación de ladrillos de polvo de mármol. El estudio se centra en incrementar la resistencia a compresión de estos ladrillos, siguiendo las normas establecidas por la NMX-C-404-2012-ONNCCE. La dosificación base, realizada por Moreno Juárez, Ponce Palafox, López Montelongo y Cárdenas Díaz (2020), consta de polvo de mármol, arena, cemento y agua, con los porcentajes basados en la cantidad de polvo de mármol. Se realizaron modificaciones en la dosificación, como el cambio de arena por arena manufacturada y la variación en la cantidad de agua. Las pruebas de resistencia a compresión demostraron que las muestras experimentales, con modificaciones en la dosificación, superaron a la muestra de referencia y cumplieron con los estándares establecidos por la norma NMX-C-441-ONNCCE-2011. El aumento en la resistencia se debió a un exceso de agua en la dosificación de la muestra de referencia, que no era absorbido completamente por la arena. Esto resultó en una relación agua-cemento mayor y una resistencia a compresión inferior. La muestra con un 30% de agua mostró un aumento del 29.03% en la resistencia en comparación con la muestra de referencia

Crystallization-Induced Gelling as a Method to 4D Print Low-Water-Content Non-isocyanate Polyurethane Hydrogels

[EN]The use of three-dimensional (3D) printable hydrogels for biomedical applications has attracted considerable attention as a consequence of the ability to precisely define the morphology of the printed object, allowing patients' needs to be targeted. However, the majority of hydrogels do not possess suitable mechanical properties to fulfill an adequate rheological profile for printability, and hence, 3D printing of cross-linked networks is challenging and normally requires postprinting modifications to obtain the desired scaffolds. In this work, we took advantage of the crystallization process of poly(ethylene glycol) to print non-isocyanate poly(hydroxyurethane) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. As a consequence of the crystallization process, the hydrogel modulus can be tuned up to 3 orders of magnitude upon heating up to 40 degrees C, offering an interesting strategy to directly 3D-print hydrogels without the need of postprinting cross-linking. Moreover, the absence of any toxicity makes these materials ideal candidates for biomedical applications.The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Commission through SUSPOL-EJD 642671 project. M.C.A. thanks the University of Birmingham for funding

Plasma ACE2 species are differentially altered in COVID-19 patients

Studies are needed to identify useful biomarkers to assess the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Here, we examine the levels of various plasma species of the SARS-CoV-2 host receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in patients at different phases of the infection. Human plasma ACE2 species were characterized by immunoprecipitation and western blotting employing antibodies against the ectodomain and the C-terminal domain, using a recombinant human ACE2 protein as control. In addition, changes in the cleaved and full-length ACE2 species were also examined in serum samples derived from humanized K18-hACE2 mice challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 immunoreactivity was present in human plasma as several molecular mass species that probably comprise truncated (70 and 75 kDa) and full-length forms (95, 100, 130, and 170 kDa). COVID-19 patients in the acute phase of infection (n = 46) had significantly decreased levels of ACE2 full-length species, while a truncated 70-kDa form was marginally higher compared with non-disease controls (n = 26). Levels of ACE2 full-length species were in the normal range in patients after a recovery period with an interval of 58-70 days (n = 29), while the 70-kDa species decreased. Levels of the truncated ACE2 species served to discriminate between individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 and those infected with influenza A virus (n = 17). In conclusion, specific plasma ACE2 species are altered in patients with COVID-19 and these changes normalize during the recovery phase. Alterations in ACE2 species following SARS-CoV-2 infection warrant further investigation regarding their potential usefulness as biomarkers for the disease process and to asses efficacy during vaccination

Breast reconstruction: a review

Surgeons in the late 19th - 20th century performed radical mastectomies as the only possible treatment for breast cancers. Since then, the medical-surgical/scientific community has been constantly encouraged to develop and study different less invasive alternatives in breast reconstruction. Over time, locoregional perforator flap options have served as practical alternatives to implant-based reconstruction and abdominal flaps, especially in the setting of patients who have received radiation therapy or have a history of failed reconstruction, as they effectively fill the missing volume and respect the musculature of the donor site. Breast reconstruction using strategies with one of the different locoregional flaps can preserve the musculature and innervation of the post-mastectomy site, which manages to reduce possible adverse events. In addition to evaluating the anatomical characteristics of the defect and affected quadrant, it is essential to assess the patient's body constitution and the skills of the surgical team as well as microsurgery training when designing a reconstructive plan. Different research protocols should be developed in the study and development of new medical-surgical therapeutic alternatives; we suggest joint development with tissue engineering

Determinants of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Spanish children and adolescents: the PASOS study

[Abstract]: A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sec-tional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain. Participants were 3607 children and adolescents; 8–16 years old. Primary and secondary outcome measures of weight and height were measured. Adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents, as well as parental physical activity and dietary habits, were assessed. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was observed in 45.5% of primary school students and 34.8% of secondary school students (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56–0.75). Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was higher in children/adolescents meeting daily recommended moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.97–2.89) and in those meeting daily recommended screen time on week-days (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.77–2.38) and weekends (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.48–2.10). Participants with optimal adherence to the MedDiet were more likely to have mothers with a high-level education and high-tercile of SDQS, mothers who never smoked or were former smokers, and mothers who met the recommended physical activity and screen time. It can be concluded that a low prevalence of optimal adherence to the MedDiet was found among current Spanish children and adolescents. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reaching the recommendations on physical activity and screen time, with the highest maternal educational level, and healthier maternal life-style

Independent and joined association between socioeconomic indicators and pediatric obesity in Spain: the PASOS study

Childhood obesity is a public health problem worldwide. An important determinant of child and adolescent obesity is socioeconomic status (SES). However, the magnitude of the impact of different SES indicators on pediatric obesity on the Spanish population scale is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between three SES indicators and obesity in a nationwide, representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A total of 2791 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years old were included. Their weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. SES was assessed using two parent/legal guardian self-reported indicators (educational level -University/non-University- and labor market status -Employed/Unemployed-). As a third SES indicator, the annual mean income per person was obtained from the census section where the participating schools were located (≥12.731€/<12.731€). The prevalence of obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity was 11.5%, 1.4%, and 22.3%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed an inverse association of both education and labor market status with obesity, severe obesity, and abdominal obesity (all p < 0.001). Income was also inversely associated with obesity (p < 0.01) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.001). Finally, the highest composite SES category (University/Employed/≥12.731€ n = 517) showed a robust and inverse association with obesity (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.16–0.48), severe obesity (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.81), and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.23–0.54) in comparison with the lowest composite SES category (Less than University/Unemployed/<12.731€; n = 164). No significant interaction between composite SES categories and age and gender was found. SES is strongly associated with pediatric obesity in Spain.The PASOS study was funded by Fundación PROBITAS (2019) and the Gasol Foundation (2019-2020). Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation (2019-2020), Banco Santander (2019), IFA (2019-2020), Vienna (2019), and the Fundación Deporte Joven (2019) (no references are applicable). J.A.T., M.G.-G. and C.B. are funding by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038, which are co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

Determinants of adherence to the mediterranean diet in Spanish children and adolescents: the PASOS Study

A progressive shift away from traditional healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been observed in recent decades. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of optimal adherence to the MedDiet in Spanish children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was included in the PASOS nationwide representative study in Spain. Participants were 3607 children and adolescents; 8–16 years old. Primary and secondary outcome measures of weight and height were measured. Adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents, as well as parental physical activity and dietary habits, were assessed. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was observed in 45.5% of primary school students and 34.8% of secondary school students (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56–0.75). Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was higher in children/adolescents meeting daily recommended moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR: 2.39, 95%CI: 1.97–2.89) and in those meeting daily recommended screen time on week-days (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.77–2.38) and weekends (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.48–2.10). Participants with optimal adherence to the MedDiet were more likely to have mothers with a high-level education and high-tercile of SDQS, mothers who never smoked or were former smokers, and mothers who met the recommended physical activity and screen time. It can be concluded that a low prevalence of optimal adherence to the MedDiet was found among current Spanish children and adolescents. Optimal adherence to the MedDiet was associated with reaching the recommendations on physical activity and screen time, with the highest maternal educational level, and healthier maternal life-styles.The PASOS study was funded by Fundación PROBITAS and the Gasol Foundation. Additional funds were received from the Barça Foundation, Banco Santander, IFA, Vienna and the Fundación Deporte Joven (no references are applicable). J.A.T., C.B., M.M.G., and M.M.B. were funded by CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038) of the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund

Trends in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents across Two Decades.

Unhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8–16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998–2000, n = 1001) and PASOS (2019–2020, n = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence (p < 0.001). Participants of the 2019–2020 study showed an increase in the consumption of dairy products (31.1% increase), pasta/rice (15.4% increase), olive oil (16.9% increase), and nuts (9.7% increase), as well as a decreased sweets and candies intake (12.6% reduction). In contrast, a significantly lower MD adherence was found when comparing the 2019–2020 (mean ± SE: 6.9 ± 0.04) and the 1998–2000 study (7.37 ± 0.08); p < 0.001), due to less consumption of fish (20.3% reduction), pulse (19.4% reduction), and fruits (14.9% reduction), and an increased intake of commercial goods/pastries or fast-food intake (both 19.4% increase). The lowest adherence was recorded for adolescents also in the most recent study, where 10.9% of them presented a KIDMED score ≤ 3. This study shows that eating habits are deteriorating among Spanish children and adolescents. Such findings point out the urgency of undertaking strong measures to promote the consumption of healthy, sustainable, and non-ultra-processed food, such as those available in an MD, not only at a scientific and academic level, but also at a governmental onePartial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag