Certification of the Mass Fraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Toluene - Certified Reference Materials ERM®-AC213

This report describes the preparation of a calibration solution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (ERM-AC213) containing benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, 5-methylchrysene and benzo[c]fluorene and the certification of their content (mass fraction) in the solution. The preparation of the calibrant, homogeneity and stability studies and confirmation measurements with a discussion of the results are described hereafter. Uncertainties were calculated in compliance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) [1] and include uncertainties due to the processing, purity assessment and possible instability.JRC.DG.D.2-Reference material

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.Peer reviewe

Risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food

The Panel wishes to thank the hearing expert: Kerstin Krätschmer and EFSA staff member: Kelly Niermans for the support provided to this scientific output. The CONTAM Panel acknowledges all European competent institutions and other stakeholders that provided occurrence data in food and human milk and data on the toxicity of CPs, and supported the data collection for the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food

Panel members: Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, James Kevin Chipman, Jesus del Mazo, BettinaGrasl-Kraupp, Christer Hogstrand, Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Carlo StefanoNebbia, Elsa Nielsen, Evangelia Ntzani, Annette Petersen, Salomon Sand, Dieter Schrenk, TanjaSchwerdtle, Christiane Vleminckx and Heather Wallace Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2018‐00433 Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the hearing experts: Cathy Fernandes and Henri Schroeder, and EFSA staff members: Kelly Niermans and Federico Cruciani, for the support provided to this scientific output. The Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions and Member State bodies that provided consumption and occurrence data for this scientific output. Data: All annexes on occurrence and exposure data, as well as the protocol used to produce this Scientific opinion, cross‐referenced in the text, are available on the EFSA Knowledge Junction at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4475651Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato-derived products

Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Kelly Niermans. The Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions, Member State bodies and other organisations that provided consumption and occurrence data for this scientific output.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food

EFSA wishes to thank the Working Group members: Manolis Kogevinas (until 14 September 2016), George Loizou (until 23 January 2017), and the hearing experts: Matteo Bonzini, Jane Burns, Claude Emond, Aleksander Giwercman, Russ Hauser, Lidia Mínguez‐Alarcón and Paolo Mocarelli, for the support provided to this scientific output. The CONTAM Panel acknowledges all European competent institutions and other stakeholders that provided occurrence data on PCDD/Fs and DL‐PCBs in food and feed, and supported the data collection for the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food: Occurrence data in food submitted to EFSA and dietary exposure assessment for humans

Annex A – Protocol for the risk assessments for human health related to the presence of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in food The Annex is provided as a separate pdf file containing the risk assessment protocol selected by the CONTAM Panel to update the previous risk assessments of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in food. Annex B: Occurrence data on HBCDDs in food submitted to EFSA and dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database, considered in the exposure assessment Table B.1 Number of analytical results excluded from the initial dataset during data cleaning, and justification for exclusion Table B.2 Occurrence values of HBCDDs calculated total (µg/kg) by food category in the final dataset Table B.3 Food categories of FoodEx and mean LB and UB values as used for the exposure assessment Table B.4 Dietary surveys and the number of subjects by country and population class, available for the chronic exposure assessment, in the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database Table B.5 Summary statistics on data reported for HBCDDs total, analysed with GC-MS, not considered for the exposure Figure B.1 Frequency distribution of the occurrence values for the food categories of interest at the LB without zeros presented on a log 10 scale Figure B.2 Frequency distribution of the occurrence values for the food categories of interest at the UB presented on a log 10 scale HBCDDs_Raw_Occurrence_Data.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) contaminant as extracted from EFSA DWH in December 2019 on 2530 food samples presented in the opinion as described in its section 3.2.1. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields). The link to the catalogues of controlled terminologies can be found under "Related identifiers”. Annex D: Chronic dietary exposure to HBCDDs and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure Table D.1 Mean chronic dietary exposure (ng/kg b.w. per day) to HBCDDs for total population across European dietary surveys Table D.2 95th percentile chronic exposures to HBCDDs (ng/kg b.w. per day) for total population for each dietary survey across age classes Table D.3 Relative contribution (%) of food categories to the LB and UB estimates of dietary exposure to HBCDDs across different age classes, dietary surveys and countries Table D.4 Relative contribution of food categories to the LB estimates of dietary exposure to HBCDDs and related figure Table D.5 Relative contribution of food categories to the UB estimates of dietary exposure to HBCDDs and related figure Annex E – Outcome of the Public consultation on the Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food The Annex is provided as a separate pdf file contain the outcome of the public consultation of the draft scientific Opinion, including the comments received and how they were taken into account when finalising the scientific OpinionPeer reviewe

Contaminantes tóxicos en alimentos desarrollo de técnicas multidimensionales, evaluación de los niveles y estudio del enriquecimiento enantiomérico

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Física Aplicada. Fecha de lectura: 26-05-200