Philippine-American Relations Beyond the Bases

This article has been delivered by the author for the 1988 Florence Macaulay Distinguished Lecture on Asia and the Pacific at the University of Hawaii on September 23, 1988. It discusses America’s colonial policy and the Philippines' security alliance with America. It also traces the termination of Military Base Agreement and the future of Philippine security without the U.S. military bases.military and military bases

Philippine-American Relations Beyond the Bases

This article has been delivered by the author for the 1988 Florence Macaulay Distinguished Lecture on Asia and the Pacific at the University of Hawaii on September 23, 1988. It discusses America’s colonial policy and the Philippines' security alliance with America. It also traces the termination of Military Base Agreement and the future of Philippine security without the U.S. military bases.military and military bases

The transition from kindergarten to primary: Methodological trategies

El presente trabajo está basado la experiencia que como docente he llevado a cabo en la etapa de educación infantil en dos centros educativos de la provincia de Toledo. En uno de ellos me encuentro actualmente siendo coordinadora de Educación Infantil y a su vez tutora en una clase del primer curso. El principal objetivo que pretendo llevar a cabo en dicha práctica consiste en: “Identificar las estrategias metodológicas que se llevan a cabo en dichos colegios para que el cambio del alumnado de etapa de infantil a primaria tenga lugar de manera ordenada, progresiva y secuenciada”. En primer lugar, se analizan diferentes contribuciones teóricas relacionadas con el cambio de la etapa de infantil a primaria y se presentan las diferencias organizativas, metodológicas y sociales que existen entre etapas Seguidamente, se explican las experiencias didácticas que se llevan a cabo para favorecer el tránsito en los centros estudiados en relación con docentes, familias y alumnadoThe present work is based on the experience that as a teacher I have carried out in the stage of early childhood education in two educational centers of the province of Toledo. In one of them, I am currently the Coordinator of Early Childhood Education and also a tutor in a class of the first course. The aim objective that I intend to carry out in this practice is "Identifying the methodological strategies that are carried out in these schools in order to carry out the change of stage from pre-primary to primary in a tidy, progressive and sequenced way". Firstly, the different theoretical contributions related to the change of stages are analyzed and the differences that exist between stages are presented. Next, the experiences that are carried out to work out well the transit in the studied centers in relation to teachers, families and students are explaine

El aprendizaje y la satisfacción del alumno en el contexto del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior

Adapting current university education to the European Space for Higher Education will mean considerable change. It will be essential to understand the deficiencies of the current system in order to be able to resolve them, with the goal being individuals with superior competences. Indeed, the objectives outlined in the Bologna Declaration, and reiterated with the communiqués of Prague, Berlin and Bergen, reflect the commitment of the various European countries to converting their university syllabuses into a European System for Higher Education capable of favouring and increasing employment. In this respect, the current work analyses the perceptions of students of two Spanish Universities about the educational methodology used, as well as their opinions about possible improvements in relation to their expectations for future employment. On the basis of the statistical data analysis carried out, the work offers guidelines for improving teaching methodologies. These should help overcome the current weaknesses and at the same time facilitate the preparation of professionals satisfied with the education they receive and confident that it will serve them well in the future

Determinantes del aprendizaje del alumno ante el reto de la convergencia europea.

A la hora de afrontar el cambio que supone la adaptación de los estudios universitarios actuales al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, se perfila como clave conocer las deficiencias del sistema actual en aras a poner solución a las mismas para obtener como resultado individuos con mejores niveles de capacitación y especialización en diferentes áreas de conocimiento. No en vano, los objetivos recogidos en la Declaración de Bolonia, reforzados con los Comunicados de Praga, Berlín y Bergen, dejan patente el compromiso con la conversión de los planes de estudio de diferentes países del viejo continente en un Sistema Europeo de Formación Superior capaz de fomentar e incrementar el empleo. En este sentido, el presente trabajo lleva a cabo un análisis de las percepciones que los alumnos pertenecientes a dos universidades españolas tienen sobre la metodología docente empleada así como su opinión sobre los posibles aspectos de mejora vinculados a sus expectativas para el empleo futuro. De esta forma, el análisis estadístico de la información obtenida permite establecer pautas de mejora en la docencia, superando las debilidades actuales y, facilitando al mismo tiempo, la consecución de profesionales satisfechos con la formación proporcionada para su rentabilización futura

Development of cross-resistance by Aspergillus fumigatus to clinical azoles following exposure to prochloraz, an agricultural azole

Background: The purpose of this study was to unveil whether azole antifungals used in agriculture, similar to the clinical azoles used in humans, can evoke resistance among relevant human pathogens like Aspergillus fumigatus, an ubiquitous agent in nature. Additionally, cross-resistance with clinical azoles was investigated. Antifungal susceptibility testing of environmental and clinical isolates of A. fumigatus was performed according to the CLSI M38-A2 protocol. In vitro induction assays were conducted involving daily incubation of susceptible A. fumigatus isolates, at 35°C and 180 rpm, in fresh GYEP broth medium supplemented with Prochloraz (PCZ), a potent agricultural antifungal, for a period of 30 days. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of PCZ and clinical azoles were monitored every ten days. In order to assess the stability of the developed MIC, the strains were afterwards sub-cultured for an additional 30 days in the absence of antifungal. Along the in vitro induction process, microscopic and macroscopic cultural observations were registered. Results: MIC of PCZ increased 256 times after the initial exposure; cross-resistance to all tested clinical azoles was observed. The new MIC value of agricultural and of clinical azoles maintained stable in the absence of the selective PCZ pressure. PCZ exposure was also associated to morphological colony changes: macroscopically the colonies became mostly white, losing the typical pigmentation; microscopic examination revealed the absence of conidiation. Conclusions: PCZ exposure induced Aspergillus fumigatus morphological changes and an evident increase of MIC value to PCZ as well as the development of cross-resistance with posaconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole.IFR and IMM are supported by FCT (Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia). IFR is supported by FCT PhD grant (SFRH/BD/91155/2012). I.MM is supported by FCT, Ciência 2008 and co-financed by the European Social Fund. The authors would like to thank Isabel Santos for the excellent technical assistance. Part of the results was presented at the 52nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, ICAAC, held San Francisco, USA, September 2012.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Activation of innate and specific immune responses in hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)- patients

La función primaria del sistema inmunológico es preservar al individuo sano frente a infinidad de agentes microbianos patógenos o injuriantes. Sin embargo, en determinadas circunstancias los mecanismos agresores normalmente montados contra un agente invasor, pueden tornarse altamente injuriantes para el propio individuo. Hay importantes evidencias tanto clínicas como experimentales, de que la reacción inflamatoria inducida por los distintos componentes de las bacterias Escherichia coli productoras de toxina Shiga (Stx) (STEC), fundamentalmente la Stx y los lipopolisacáridos (LPS), contribuye decisivamente en la evolución a la forma completa de SUH Así los pacientes al ser diagnosticados de SUH, presentan evidencias de haber sufrido un proceso de activación del sistema inmune innato, o reacción inflamatoria muy aguda y temprana en la evolución de la enfermedad. Algunas de estas evidencias pueden resumirse como: una neutrofilia marcada, leucocitos neutrófilos (PMN) circulantes que se encuentran “agotados o exhaustos”, los monocitos diferenciados hacia un fenotipo inflamatorio (menor expresión de CD14 y aumento de CD16), y se encuentra un significativo descenso en los leucocitos que presentan el receptor para la quimioquina Fractalquina (FKN, CX3CL1)) (CX3CR1): los. monocitos clásicos y células Natural Killer (NK). Estas células tienen un alto potencial citotóxico. La FKN se expresa en endotelio y epitelio renal y ha sido involucrada en los mecanismos patogénicos en distintas nefropatías. Llamativamente, encontramos una correlación significativa entre la severidad del cuadro renal y las alteraciones mencionadas. Por último se discute el papel protector que la respuesta inmune específica podría ejercer, fundamentalmente a través de la producción de anticuerpos neutralizantes de la Stx.The central role of the immune system is the preservation of the health against several pathogenic microbes and injury agents. However, on special conditions defensive mechanisms triggered towards the foreign agent can damage the host. Clinical and experimental evidence indicate that inflammatory reaction triggered by the main components of Shiga toxin (Stx)- producing Escherichia coli (STEC), participate in the evolution to the complete form of HUS. When children are diagnosed of HUS, they present evidence that have suffered a very strong and early inflammatory response. These features include: the presence of a marked neutrophilia, the polymorfonuclear leucocytes (PMN) are “deactivated or exhausted” and the monocytes are differentiated towards an inflammatory phenotype (CD14-reduced and CD16-enhanced membrane expression). In addition, HUS-patients show a marked reduction in the absolute and relative number of leucocytes carrying the receptor (CX3CR1) for the chemokine “Fractalkine” (FKN, CX3 CL1), which are the classic monocytes and Natural Killer cells (NK). All these cells express a high cytotoxic potencial. The chemokine FKN is expressed in endothelial and epithelial renal cells, and is involved in the pathogenic mechanism of different nephropathies. Noteworthy, we found a significant correlation between the severity of the renal damage (as days of anuria) and the alterations described above. Finally, the protective role of specific immune response, mainly through the antibody production with Stx-neutralizing capacity, is discussed.Fil: Palermo, Marina Sandra. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Gabriela C.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Maria Victoria. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Bentancor, Leticia. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Brando, Romina Jimena. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Dran, Graciela I.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Isturiz, Martín Amadeo. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Una contribución a la salud de los trabajadores: guía sobre exposición a los fluidos biológicos

Os trabalhadores da saúde estão expostos a riscos ocupacionais no seu ambiente de trabalho, destacando-se, dentre eles, o risco biológico. A conduta esperada do trabalhador após esta exposição deve ser definida e orientada, para que medidas preventivas possam ser adotadas. Assim, pretende-se com este guia fornecer subsídios para a conduta dos trabalhadores em relação à exposição biológica, contribuindo para a adesão ao protocolo de monitoramento.Health workers are exposed to occupational hazards at the workplace, among which we highlight the biological risk. Information and orientation should be provided regarding the conduct that workers are expected to follow in the case becoming exposed. Thus, this guide is intended to provide the elements to orient workers' conduct in cases of biological exposure, improving adherence to the monitoring protocol.Los trabajadores de la salud están expuestos a riesgos ocupacionales en su ambiente de trabajo, entre ellos se destaca el riesgo biológico. La conducta esperada del trabajador luego de esta exposición debe ser definida y orientada para que medidas preventivas pueden ser adoptadas. De este modo, se pretende con esta guía brindar ayuda a la conducta de los trabajadores en relación a la exposición biológica, contribuyendo a la adhesión al protocolo de monitoreo