Prophylactic antioxidants and phenolics of seagrass and seaweed species: A seasonal variation study in a Southern Indian Ocean Island, Mauritius

The seasonal variations in the polyphenolic contents and potential antioxidant activities of seven seaweed species (Padina gymnospora, Gracilaria salicornia, Palisada papillosa, Galaxaura rugosa, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Codium arabicum and Dictyosphaeria cavernosa) and five seagrass species (Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule uninervis, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Halophila ovalis and Halophila stipulacea) were assessed. In summer, the highest total phenolic content was recorded in the seaweed P. gymnospora and the lowest in G. rugosa. The total phenolic contents in the seagrass species were significantly higher than those observed in the seaweed species during both seasons. The highest flavonoid concentrations (FC) were observed in the seaweed species E. intestinalis in winter and in the seaweed P. gymnospora in summer. All tested species had higher FC in winter. The highest antioxidant activity (assessed using the Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) was in the seaweed P. gymnospora during summer (FRAP: 9.7 ± 0.3 X10¯³ Fe²+mM/g DW). However, the seaweed P. gymnospora extract and the extracts from all 5 seagrass species had significantly different (p<0.01) antioxidant activities (assessed using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay) in winter compared to the summer season. The collective data are indicative of the potential of Mauritian seaweeds and seagrasses as possible sources of secondary metabolites for pharmaceuticals. Further analysis using bio-efficacy models are warranted to justify the phytoceutical capacity of the seaweeds and seagrasses.Keywords: Antioxidant; Total Phenols; Total Flavonoids; FRAP; TEAC; Seagrass; Seaweed; Seasonal variation; Mauritiu

Assessment of compatibility of intercrops in Dalbergia sissoo based Hortisilvicultural system in Mondipatty, Manapparai block of Trichy district, Tamil Nadu

Attention to intercropping for sustainable agriculture is increasing, and scientific studies on intercropping have also grown in recent years. Agroforestry Systems, which combine annual crops with trees, are used widely in semiarid regions to reduce wind erosion and improve the efficiency of resources such as water and nutrients. Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited Farm, Mondipatty, Tamil Nadu, to study the compatibility of intercropping systems in the Dalbergia sissoo-based Horti-silvicultural system for two years during 2016 and 2017. The experiments were conducted in a split-plot design with four replications.The main plot treatments were M1: Cassava M2:Chillies and the subplot treatments were five nutrient management packages viz., S1: Untreated control, S2: 100 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (Cassava: 90: 90: 240 and Chillies: 60: 80: 80),S3: 125 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (Cassava: 112.5: 112.5: 300 and Chillies: 75: 100: 100), S4:150 % (Cassava: 135: 135: 360 and Chillies: 90: 120: 120) Recommended Dose of Fertilizers, S5: Soil Test Crop Response studies - Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System -based recommendation (as per soil test value). The results indicated that the Horti-Silvicultural system of growing Cassava and Chillies along with D. sissoo performed well. It was observed that statistically significant    (p ≤ 0.05)  higher yields of 17.8 tha-1 and 1.6 tha-1 were recorded in Cassava and Chillies, respectively, in treatment S5, where the fertilizer was applied based on the Soil Test Crop Response studies - Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System. In addition, the soil fertility status was also sustained in this plot. The fertilizers applied to the intercrops have contributed to the nutrient requirement of the tree crop and thereby reduced the cost of cultivation in the agroforestry system

Impact of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Leaf Miner, Aproaerema modicella D. and Its Natural Enemies in Groundnut

Groundnut leaf miner (Aproaerema modicella. D.) is an important leaf feeding insect in groundnut that significantly reduces the pod yield up to 50 per cent. The growth and development of this insect pest is closely associated with the abiotic weather parameters prevailing in a particular location. Due to paucity of information available on the population dynamics of groundnut leaf miner with abiotic weather factors, a study was undertaken in Erode district of Tamil Nadu during Summer, 2023. Groundnut leaf miner damages were recorded through the fixed plots survey and the adult moth activities were monitored through pheromone traps at weekly intervals. From this study it was found that, the leaf miner incidences were observed from 30 days after sowing. The highest mean leaf miner mean damage (17.84%), pheromone adult catches (58.38 nos./5 traps), coccinellid beetle population (4.70 nos./10 plants) and spider population (5.17 nos./10 plants) were observed during 9th SMW. Whereas, the rove beetle population was maximum (4.62 nos./10 plants) during 10th SMW. The correlation study revealed that the maximum temperature had positive correlation and rainfall had negative correlation with the populations of groundnut leaf miner and its natural enemies. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the weather parameters together had 66.00 to 95.00 per cent influence on the groundnut leaf miner and its natural enemy population. The present study clearly indicated that, the population of groundnut leaf miner and its damage levels were closely related to the abiotic weather parameters prevailed in the study area during entire crop duration. Better understanding of the weather factors resulted in better leaf miner management and more net profit for the groundnut growers

Diseminasi Investasi Pasar Modal pada Muda Mudi Desa Bakalan Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Investasi saham adalah kegiatan penanaman modal berupa pembelian saham (surat berharga) Perusahan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan dan memberikan edukasi remaja karang taruna di desa Bakalan Polokarto Sukoharjo cara berinvestasi pasar modal melalui aplikasi Phitancro sekuritas. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman karang taruna di desa tersebut. Pengabdian ini juga memberikan deskripsi yang jelas bahwa edukasi dan pentingnya pelatihan investasi di pasar modal Indonesia di desa Bakalan Polokarto Sukoharjo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode tutorial, metode tanya jawab, metode pendampingan, metode simulasi dan metode pendampingan. Hasil dari diseminasi ini adalah mengetahui dan memahami tentang investasi pasar modal, mendukun program BEI yaitu memperkenalkan investasi dan pasar modal agar dapat berinfestasi sejak dini dan menjadikan pengetahuan lebih bagi masyarakat khususnya pemuda pemudi desa bakalan untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang investasi dan pasar modal

(001) Ir / SrTiO3 / Si: a promising substrate for diamond heteroepitaxy

International audienceThe HIRIS project funded by the French research agency aims to develop heteroepitaxial diamond on iridium buffer layers grown on SrTiO3 / Si (001) substrates elaborated by MBE [1]. Indeed, this substrate is promising due to its compatibility with silicon based technologies and it allows up-scaling. Four French groups are involved in this project.A first step consisted in the determination of proper conditions to get epitaxial iridium layers on SrTiO3 / Si (001) substrates. The thermal stability of SrTiO3 overlayers with different thicknesses (between 12 and 40 nm) was investigated by SEM and spectroscopic ellipsometry. This study showed that SrTiO3 layers should be thicker than 30 nm to avoid degradation during iridium deposition. The crystalline quality of SrTiO3 layers grown on Si (001) was improved by optimization of MBE conditions. The best parameters for iridium deposition were determined and high quality iridium buffer layers were grown on SrTiO3 / Si (001) substrates with mosaicity of 0.3° (polar) and 0.1° (azimuthal) measured by XRD. The bias enhanced nucleation (BEN) process which consists in applying a voltage between the CH4/H2 plasma and the sample is up to now the most efficient nucleation technique to obtain diamond heteroepitaxy [2]. BEN was previously applied to Ir buffer layers deposited on bulk SrTiO3 (001) substrates [3]. BEN conditions were successfully tuned to obtain a homogeneous nucleation on 5x5 mm2 Ir / SrTiO3 / Si (001) multilayers [4]. Thin diamond films (i. e. templates) were grown by microwave plasma CVD directly after BEN. These templates were characterized using UV Raman and SEM. A cross-section of a template grown on Ir / SrTiO3 / Si (001) was investigated by High Resolution TEM. The size of diamond templates was recently up-scaled to 7x7 mm2. A thickening of templates was performed under dense MPCVD plasma with growth conditions close to homoepitaxy [5]. Diamond heteroepitaxial films grown on Ir / SrTiO3 / Si (001) were then characterized by XRD, Raman and Cathodoluminescence [6]. The work performed during the HIRIS project well demonstrates the potential of Ir / SrTiO3 / Si (001) substrates to achieve the up-scaling of heteroepitaxial diamond wafers.References[1] G. Niu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 (2009) 062902.[2] M. Schreck et al., MRS Bulletin 39 (2014) 504-510. [3] N. Vaissière et al., Diam. Relat. Mater. 36 (2013) 16-25.[4] K. H. Lee et al. (to be submitted)[5] J. Achard et al, J. Phys. D, 40 (2007) 6175-6188[6] H. Bensalah et al. (to be submitted

Slot waveguide electro-optic modulator with ferroelectric oxide BaTiO<inf>3</inf> on silicon

International audienc