Los lenguajes controlados y la documentación técnica : mejorando la traducibilidad

Los lenguajes controlados pueden suponer una estrategia efectiva para mejorar los procesos de traducción, modificando el texto origen para que se adapte a una serie de reglas que mejoran su traducibilidad. El artículo analiza el concepto de lenguaje controlado y revisa las diferentes áreas de control y su tipología, para después realizar un breve repaso al origen y evolución de estos si stemas lingüísticos. A continuación explora qué papel representan los lenguajes controlados en el proceso de redacción y traducción de documentación técnica. Por último, se centra en la relación entre lenguajes controlados y traducción y, más en concreto, la traducción automática, haciendo especial hincapié en las reglas más efectivas para la mejora de la traducibilidad.Els llenguatges controlats poden suposar una estratègia efectiva per a millorar els processos de traducció, modificant el text origen perquè s'adapte a una sèrie de regles que milloren la seua traduïbilitat. L'article analitza el concepte de llenguatge controlat i revisa les diferents àrees de control i la seua tipologia, per a després realitzar un breu repàs a l'origen i evolució d'estos sistemes lingüístics. A continuació explora quin paper representen els llenguatges controlats en el procés de redacció i traducció de documentació tècnica. Finalment, es centra en la relació entre llenguatges controlats i traducció i, més concretament, traducció autom àtica, fent especial insistència en les regles més efectives per a la millora de la traduïbilitat.Controlled languages can be an effective strategy to improve translation processes, pre-editing the source text to conform to a set of rules to improve its translatability. This article analyses the concept of controlled language and reviews the different control areas and their typology. Further, it reviews the origin and evolution of these linguistic systems and explores the role controlled languages play in the process of writing and translating technical documentation. Finally, it focuses on the relationship between controlled language and translation and, more specifically, machine translation, with particular emphasis on the rules aimed at improving translatability

Las condiciones profesionales del traductor especializado: propuesta basada en las TIC.

Uso de herramientas TIC tales como memoria de traducción y gestor terminológico a la traducción especializada. Propuesta didáctica para la formación de traductores, que simula una agencia de traducción y se basa en conocimientos lingüísticos que los alumnos deben adquirir: género, funciones discursivas y metadiscurso interpersonal, que deben utilizar a través de las mencionadas herramientas TIC para crear un patrón metadiscursivo válido y aplicable.Use of ICT tools such as translation memory and terminological administrator to specialized translation. This is a didactic proposal to train translators, that simulates a translation agency. It is based on the linguistic knowledge that students must have, like genre, discursive functions and interpersonal metadiscourse. Translation students must use them through the above mentioned ICT tools in order to create a liable metadiscursive pattern that can be applied to translations

How to blend language and ICT in the didactics of scientific translation

Este capítulo presenta una fusión de la lingüistica aplicada a la traducción científica (análisis del discurso y metadiscurso) y la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías (memorias de traducción, bancos terminológicos). A través del análisis metadiscursivo y la identificación de marcadores en español e inglés, los alumnos crean su propia memoria de traducción y su banco terminológico.This chaper proposes a blend of applied linguistics to scientific translation (discourse and metadiscourse analysis) and some of the new technologies for translation (translation memory and lexical data bank). Through the analysis of metadiscourse in given scientific texts, translators-to-be create their own translation memories and lexical data banks

Translation Technology and Ethical Competence: An Analysis and Proposal for Translators’ Training

The practice of translation today is inextricably linked to the use of technology, and this is reflected in how translator training is conceptualized, with technologies present in every area of such training. More and more authors have begun to voice their concerns about the ethical issues posed by the use of technology and artificial intelligence systems, and our focus here is to ask whether such concerns are being reflected in pedagogical models and teaching programs in the field of translation. To this end, we analyze a variety of translation and translation technology (TT) competence models, together with a review of the literature on ethics, and a corpus analysis of TT syllabi to explore the different sub-competences addressed in these. The analysis reveals that ethical competence is not specifically addressed in TT classes, or at least it is not reflected in our corpus. The literature review also illustrates a dearth of specific competence models for TT classes, as well as a lack of pedagogical interventions to develop ethical sub-competence, something we aim to address by developing a series of new models and tools. We conclude that the inclusion of ethical issues in the TT classroom is still far from widespread, despite it being a necessary step towards enabling new generations to act critically and professionally.This publication forms part of the research project “Digitisation, processing and online publication of open, multilingual and gender-sensitive terminology resources in the digital society (DIGITENDER)” (TED2021-130040B-C21), funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (10.13039/501100011033) and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia

Use and Evaluation of Controlled Languages in Industrial Environments and Feasibility Study for the Implementation of Machine Translation

El presente trabajo de investigación se enmarca en los estudios de doctorado en traducción y la sociedad del conocimiento de la Universidad de Valencia y, en concreto, en la línea de investigación en tecnologías de la traducción, terminología y localización. En este sentido, esta disertación surge por la necesidad de establecer una metodología de investigación y ofrecer resultados empíricos sobre el desarrollo, implementación y evaluación de lenguajes controlados en la documentación técnica y su efecto tanto en los textos originales como en las traducciones de estos documentos. Así pues, el objetivo ha sido desarrollar una metodología para evaluar el impacto de los lenguajes controlados en la producción de documentación técnica dentro de contextos industriales y, más en concreto, en la elaboración de documentación técnica para el vehículo. El impacto se ha concretado en la mejora de la traducibilidad automática, un concepto que hemos discutido ampliamente en el capítulo 4, así como de la calidad de los textos meta.This research is part of the doctoral studies program "La traducción y la sociedad del conocimiento" at the University of Valencia. In particular the area of ​​research is translation technology, terminology and localisation. In this sense, this dissertation arises from the need to establish a research methodology and to provide empirical results on the development, implementation and evaluation of controlled languages ​​in the technical documentation and its effect on both original texts and the translations of these documents. Thus, the aim has been to develop a methodology to assess the impact of controlled languages ​​in the production of technical documentation in industrial contexts, and more specifically in the technical documentation for the vehicle. The impact has resulted in improved automatic translatability, a concept we have discussed at length in Chapter 4, as well as in the quality of the target texts

Trail Guide to Movement : Building the Body in Motion. La traducción del libro de texto médico Memoria individual de prácticas para la Editorial Médica Panamericana

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Traducció Medicosanitària. Codi: SBA031. Curs: 2019/2020Este trabajo de fin de Máster presenta la descripción detallada de las prácticas de traducción profesional fruto de la colaboración entre el Máster Universitario en Traducción Médico-Sanitaria de la Universidad Jaume I y la Editorial Médica Panamericana, referente en publicaciones del ámbito biosanitario español y latinoamericano. La estructura del trabajo tiene cinco partes diferenciadas: en primer lugar, una breve introducción, en la que se exponen los detalles del encargo, las características de la situación comunicativa de partida y de destino, así como el análisis del género y el texto; a continuación, se presenta el texto original y traducido, enfrentado en formato tabular para facilitar su cotejo. La tercera parte constituye el comentario traductológico, donde se describe el proceso de traducción y se ahonda en los problemas encontrados y las estrategias empleadas para encontrar soluciones satisfactorias. El lector podrá consultar, en los apartados siguientes, los recursos generados y recopilados para la elaboración de la traducción y de esta memoria, que van desde un glosario terminológico hasta las referencias bibliográficas, pasando por los textos paralelos y otros recursos y herramientas utilizados, que se exponen acompañados de una breve reflexión crítica. Por último, presento una breve conclusión de cómo he vivido esta experiencia, así como de las destrezas y competencias adquiridas

Health-related quality of life and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women during Covid-19 confinement.

Objective To assess the impact of confinement due to the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women. Material and Methods We used an online questionnaire which was sent between April 30th and May 13th, 2020 to women aged 40–70 years who were peri- or postmenopausal according to STRAW criteria. We used the 16-item Cervantes short-form scale (Cervantes-SF) to measure HRQoL, and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14) to measure resilience. High scores on the Cervantes-SF indicate low HRQoL and high scores on the RS-14 indicate high levels of resilience. Covid-19 status, sociodemographic descriptors, and lifestyle variables were also evaluated. Results We included 2430 peri- and postmenopausal women with valid questionnaires. All items of the Cervantes-SF were completed in 2151 cases, whilst the RS-14 was completed in 2413 cases. There was a negative correlation between scores on the Cervantes-SF and RS-14 scales (Rho -0.350; p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between Cervantes-SF scores and living with others (β-coefficient -10.2; p < 0.001), use of antidepressants (β 9.3; p < 0.001), physical activity (β -8.6; p < 0.001) and sexual activity (β -2.7; p < 0.001). Resilience was associated with the use of antidepressants (β -5.9; p < 0.001), physical activity (β 3.2; p < 0.001) and sexual activity (β 1.7; p = 0.005). According to the multivariate analysis, there were no associations between either Covid-19 or menopausal status and HRQoL or resilience scores. Conclusions During the period of mandatory Covid-19 confinement, peri- and postmenopausal women who engaged in physical and sexual activity had higher HRQoL and higher levels of resilience, whilst women who were using antidepressants had lower HRQoL and lower levels of resilience. HRQoL was greater in women who lived with others.pre-print185 K

Absence of R-Ras1 and R-Ras2 causes mitochondrial alterations that trigger axonal degeneration in a hypomyelinating disease model

Fast synaptic transmission in vertebrates is critically dependent on myelin for insulation and metabolic support. Myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes (OLs) that maintain multilayered membrane compartments that wrap around axonal fibers. Alterations in myelination can therefore lead to severe pathologies such as multiple sclerosis. Given that hypomyelination disorders have complex etiologies, reproducing clinical symptoms of myelin diseases from a neurological perspective in animal models has been difficult. We recently reported that R-Ras1 and/or R-Ras2 mice, which lack GTPases essential for OL survival and differentiation processes, present different degrees of hypomyelination in the central nervous system with a compounded hypomyelination in double knockout (DKO) mice. Here, we discovered that the loss of R-Ras1 and/or R-Ras2 function is associated with aberrant myelinated axons with increased numbers of mitochondria, and a disrupted mitochondrial respiration that leads to increased reactive oxygen species levels. Consequently, aberrant myelinated axons are thinner with cytoskeletal phosphorylation patterns typical of axonal degeneration processes, characteristic of myelin diseases. Although we observed different levels of hypomyelination in a single mutant mouse, the combined loss of function in DKO mice lead to a compromised axonal integrity, triggering the loss of visual function. Our findings demonstrate that the loss of R-Ras function reproduces several characteristics of hypomyelinating diseases, and we therefore propose that R-Ras1 and R-Ras2 neurological models are valuable approaches for the study of these myelin pathologies.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-096303B-C33) to B. C., (RTI2018-096303B-C31) to F. W., and RTI2018-095166B-I00 to C. G. R. and P. L. and Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within the “Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017–2020” (RD16/0008/0020; FIS/PI 18-00754

Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab plus docetaxel vs docetaxel alone in patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the PROLUNG Phase 2 randomized clinical trial

Importance: Because of socioeconomic factors, many patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not receive immunotherapy in the first-line setting. It is unknown if the combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy can provide clinical benefits in immunotherapy-naive patients with disease progression after treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of pembrolizumab plus docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC following platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of EGFR variants or programmed cell death ligand 1 status. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Pembrolizumab Plus Docetaxel for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (PROLUNG) trial randomized 78 patients with histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC in a 1:1 ratio to receive either pembrolizumab plus docetaxel or docetaxel alone from December 2016 through May 2019. Interventions: The experimental arm received docetaxel on day 1 (75 mg/m2) plus pembrolizumab on day 8 (200 mg) every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles followed by pembrolizumab maintenance until progression or unacceptable toxic effects. The control arm received docetaxel monotherapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety. Results: Among 78 recruited patients, 32 (41%) were men, 34 (44%) were never smokers, and 25 (32%) had an EGFR/ALK alteration. Forty patients were allocated to receive pembrolizumab plus docetaxel, and 38 were allocated to receive docetaxel. A statistically significant difference in ORR, assessed by an independent reviewer, was found in patients receiving pembrolizumab plus docetaxel vs patients receiving docetaxel (42.5% vs 15.8%; odds ratio, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.34-11.54; P =.01). Patients without EGFR variations had a considerable difference in ORR of 35.7% vs 12.0% (P =.06), whereas patients with EGFR variations had an ORR of 58.3% vs 23.1% (P =.14). Overall, PFS was longer in patients who received pembrolizumab plus docetaxel (9.5 months; 95% CI, 4.2-not reached) than in patients who received docetaxel (3.9 months; 95% CI, 3.2-5.7) (hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13-0.46; P <.001). For patients without variations, PFS was 9.5 months (95% CI, 3.9-not reached) vs 4.1 months (95% CI, 3.5-5.3) (P <.001), whereas in patients with EGFR variations, PFS was 6.8 months (95% CI, 6.2-not reached) vs 3.5 months (95% CI, 2.3-6.2) (P =.04). In terms of safety, 23% (9 of 40) vs 5% (2 of 38) of patients experienced grade 1 to 2 pneumonitis in the pembrolizumab plus docetaxel and docetaxel arms, respectively (P =.03), while 28% (11 of 40) vs 3% (1 of 38) experienced any-grade hypothyroidism (P =.002). No new safety signals were identified. Conclusions and Relevance: In this phase 2 study, the combination of pembrolizumab plus docetaxel was well tolerated and substantially improved ORR and PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC who had previous progression after platinum-based chemotherapy, including NSCLC with EGFR variations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02574598

Investigación en Danza CSIC

INVESTIGACIÓN EN DANZA CSIC es un portal que recoge la actividad científica sobre danza en el contexto del Instituto de Historia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, sus proyectos de investigación e iniciativas vinculadasPeer reviewe