Pasivas de Verbos Sicológicos Inacusativos

El siguiente trabajo es una indagación acerca de la posibilidad de tener pasivas de verbos inacusativos, específicamente, pasiva pronominal de verbos sicológicos inacusativos. Un aspecto interesante, que se desprende del análisis, es que sería posible en el castellano tener pasivas de objetos indirectos. La idea que se desarrolla aquí es que son posibles las pasivas pronominales -con Se- de un OI. El hecho de tener pasivas de inacusativos es infrecuente en las lenguas del mundo. La razón es que un verbo inacusativo tiene un comportamiento similar un verbo ya pasivizado; ambos tienen un sujeto derivado. Baker (1988) señala al turco y lituano como ejemplos de lenguas con esta construcción. El primer capítulo de esta tesis es una presentación de los prolegómenos de la investigación: justificación de la investigación, la hipótesis, los objetivos que se persiguen. El segundo capítulo está dedicado a la presentación del modelo teórico en el que se trabaja esta tesis, específicamente, Gobierno y Ligamiento (Chomsky, 1981). En el tercer capítulo se desarrollan aspectos relacionados con las pasivas, partiendo del análisis en la Gramática Generativa, fundamentalmente en la versión de Jaeggli (1986) y Baker (1988); además en este capítulo presento la idea de que la frase-por es un elemento que podría aparecer incluso en la versión activa del verbo. Se indaga además sobre lo que parece ser ciertos casos de pasivas participiales de OI. En el cuarto capítulo, Verbos sicológicos inacusativos, se hace una presentación de los verbos inacusativos, siguiendo fundamentalmente a Belletti y Rizzi (1987). Además desarrollo una caracterización semántica, en donde establezco diferencias interpretativas entre la versión transitiva causativa y la inacusativa de un verbo sicológico. Por último, en el capítulo de pasivas de inacusativos desarrollo la hipótesis central del trabajo, a saber que es posible tener pasivas de verbos inacusativos sicológicos en nuestra lengua. Fundamentalmente, lo que hago es poner en relación a la versión transitiva, inacusativa con la versión pronominal de un verbo sicológico.Tesi

O clítico se aspectual e causa

Orientador: Maria Filomena Spatti SandaloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo principal dar conta do assim chamado Se aspectual no espanhol, especificamente no dialeto falado na cidade de Lima. Fundamentalmente tem tido duas aproximações para explicar ao clítico: semântico-aspectual e sintático. Neste trabalho trata-se de combinar as duas perspectivas através da hipótese de que há um nó Causa nas construções com o clítico aspectual. Baseados nos trabalhos de Pylkkänen (2002, 2008) postulamos que o espanhol é uma língua voice-bundling e root-selecting, isto é, os nós Causa e Voice aparecem juntos, fundidos, e Causa seleciona diretamente a uma raiz que será verbalizada. Construções com o Se aspectual com verbos como Morir(se) ou Beber(se) seriam casos de um processo de causativización (opcional) do verbo. Para a parte aspectual, baseamos-nos no trabalho de de Miguel y Fernández (2000). As autoras argumentam que as construções com o Se aspectual têm duas fases. A segunda fase, que inclui a culminação do evento e a mudança do estado, é focalizada pelo clítico Se. Na tese trata-se de fazer equivaler essas duas fases com os eventos causante e causado, respectivamente. A análise, por outro lado, ajudará a mostrar qual é a função do clítico Se e qual posição ocuparia na sintaxe; especificamente, postulamos que o clítico é um reflexivo que se geraria no Sv, adotando a hipótese base-generated dos clíticos. Também se pretende no trabalho dar conta de maneira exaustiva de todos os contextos verbais nos que aparece o clítico em questão: com verbos inacusativos e transitivosAbstract: This thesis has like main aim give account of the called aspectual Se in Spanish, specifically in the dialect spoken in the city of Lima. Fundamentally there have been two approaches to explain to the clitic: semantic-aspectual and syntactic. In this work, I try to combine the two perspectives through the hypothesis that there is a Cause node in the constructions with the aspectual clitic. Based in the Pylkkänen's work (2002, 2008), I posit that the Spanish is a voice-bundling and root-selecting language, this is, the Cause node and Voice appear together, merged, and Cause selects directly to a root that will be verbalize. Constructions with the aspectual Se with verbs like Morir (Die) or Beber (Drink) would be cases of a optional causation process of the verb. For the aspectual part, I have based in the de Miguel and Fernández (2000) work. The authors argue that constructions with the aspectual Se have two phases. The first phase is the process (or equivalent) expressed by the verb. The second phase, that includes the culmination of the event and the change of state, is focalized by the clitic. In the thesis, I treat to be equivalent these two phases with the causing event and caused event, respectively. The analysis, on the other hand, will help us to elucidate the function of the Se, and which position would occupy in the syntax; specifically, I posit that the clitic is one reflexive that would have been generated in the Sv, adopting the base-generated hypothesis of the clitics. Also I pretend in this thesis give account, of exhaustive way, of all the verbal contexts in which the clitic appears: with unacussative, inergative, and transitive verbMestradoLinguisticaMestra em Linguístic

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI). Morgagni – Stewart – Morel (MSM) syndrome

La hiperostosis frontal interna (HFI) se caracteriza por un engrosamiento bilateral y simétrico de la tabla interna del hueso frontal, con una prevalencia del 5-12% en la población general. La HFI ha sido descrita como una condición independiente y como parte del síndrome de Morgagni-Stewart-Morel. Se considera que puede ser el resultado de un desequilibrio hormonal, principalmente asociado al metabolismo. La HFI es generalmente un hallazgo incidental, y aunque suele ser asintomático, a veces puede causar síntomas clínicosHFI is characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical thickening of the inner table of frontal bone. It has been reported in 5 to 12% of the general population. HFI has been postulate to be an independent condition or part of the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel. It is considered a result of a disbalance of hormones mainly linked to metabolism. HFI is usually an asymptomatic incidental finding, although sometimes it can cause clinical symptom

Crater formation by the rupture of underground natural gas pipelines: a probabilistic-based model

Parallel and crossing pipelines are frequently implemented due to land-use restrictions and their ease of operation and maintenance. Given the proximity of these pipelines and the hazardousness of the substances they transport, an eventual Loss of Containment (LOC) in a parallel/crossing corridor can lead to a domino effect that should be considered in Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA). For underground pipelines, this LOC is accompanied by a formation of a crater, which can uncover adjacent pipelines triggering a domino effect scenario to take place. This paper aims to develop a model to predict feasible crater dimensions (i.e., width and depth) from a LOC in underground natural gas pipelines using operational and structural parameters. For this purpose, a recent review of 57 underground natural gas pipeline accidents were considered in a probability-based approach once data was processed. This approach initially predicts the Width-to-Depth crater ratio (WD) using a multivariate regression. Then feasible crater dimensions were determined using the regression prediction interval and the width-depth joint probability function, which is approximated with a Gaussian copula. This approach proposes a worst, mean and less severe scenarios to support decision-making processes regarding parallel or crossing underground natural gas pipelines with a LOC. Besides the identification of domino effect scenarios, this information can be used to support pipeline segmentation for risk analysis or even to support Right-of-Way (ROW) definition during pipeline installation.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Otoprotective properties of 6α-methylprednisolone-loaded nanoparticles against cisplatin: In vitro and in vivo correlation

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine (2016): 59-65, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.3676α-Methylprednisolone-loaded surfactant-free nanoparticles have been developed to palliate cisplatin ototoxicity. Nanoparticles were based on two different amphiphilic pseudo-block copolymers obtained by free radical polymerization and based on N-vinyl pyrrolidone and a methacrylic derivative of α-tocopheryl succinate or α-tocopherol. Copolymers formed spherical nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation in aqueous media that were able to encapsulate 6α-methylprednisolone in their inner core. The obtained nanovehicles were tested in vitro using HEI-OC1 cells and in vivo in a murine model. Unloaded nanoparticles were not able to significantly reduce the cisplatin ototoxicity. Loaded nanoparticles reduced cisplatin-ototoxicity in vitro being more active those based on the methacrylic derivative of vitamin E, due to their higher encapsulation efficiency. This formulation was able to protect hair cells in the base of the cochlea, having a positive effect in the highest frequencies tested in a murine model. A good correlation between the in vitro and the in vivo experiments was foun

Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect

The formation of a crater by the abrupt and catastrophic rupture of a high-pressure pipeline can be highly relevant, especially when the crater uncovers other pipelines, which could undergo a domino effect with a significant increase of the consequences on people or on the environment. However, this scenario has been only partially studied in the literature. To assess the influence of the pipeline parameters on the dimensions of the resulting crater, a statistical analysis of accidental ruptures of buried natural gas pipelines that have involved the formation of a crater was carried out. Mathematical expressions are proposed to describe the proportionality relationships found, which can be very useful to support adequate separation distances in the design and construction of parallel corridors of pipelines after appropriate escalating effects are considered. Finally, detailed event trees were developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the final outcomes, as well as the identified domino sequences, based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study of these accident scenarios, based on actual cases, represents a useful and needed advance in risk analysis of natural gas transportation through pipelinesPostprint (author's final draft

Efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la condición física en mujeres premenopáusicas

Esta investigación pretende conocer los cambios que provoca un programa de actividad física moderada de 5 meses de duración sobre la condición física (fuerza, flexibilidad y resistencia) en mujeres premenopáusicas. En el estudio participaron mujeres premenopáusicas, separadas en dos grupos: menores de 35 años (n = 10) y mayores de 35 años (n = 10). Para el estudio, se estableció un programa de intervención de aeróbic, clases de step y tonificación, de 5 meses de duración, con una frecuencia semanal de 3 días alternos y con una duración de 60 minutos cada sesión a una intensidad entre el 60-70 % de la frecuencia cardíaca máxima de reserva. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres de menor edad, al finalizar el programa de actividad física, incrementaron la flexibilidad posterior del tronco, la fuerza de prensión de ambas manos, aunque solo mejoraron de forma significativa la flexibilidad anterior del tronco (p

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI). Morgagni - Stewart- Morel (MSM) syndrome

[ES] La hiperostosis frontal interna (HFI) se caracteriza por un engrosamiento bilateral y simétrico de la tabla interna del hueso frontal, con una prevalencia del 5-12% en la población general. La HFI ha sido descrita como una condición independiente y como parte del síndrome de Morgagni-Stewart-Morel. Se considera que puede ser el resultado de un desequilibrio hormonal, principalmente asociado al metabolismo. La HFI es generalmente un hallazgo incidental, y aunque suele ser asintomático, a veces puede causar síntomas clínicos. [EN] HFI is characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical thickening of the inner table of frontal bone. It has been reported in 5 to 12% of the general population. HFI has been postulate to be an independent condition or part of the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel. It is considered a result of a disbalance of hormones mainly linked to metabolism. HFI is usually an asymptomatic incidental finding, although sometimes it can cause clinical symptoms

Identification of Myocardial Insulin Resistance by Using Liver Tests: A Simple Approach for Clinical Practice

Cardiovascular risk; Myocardial insulin resistance; Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseRiesgo cardiovascular; Resistencia a la insulina del miocardio; Enfermedad del higado graso no alcoholicoRisc cardiovascular; Resistència a la insulina del miocardi; Malaltia del fetge gras no alcohòlicBackground: We report that myocardial insulin resistance (mIR) occurs in around 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and was associated with higher cardiovascular risk in comparison with patients with insulin-sensitive myocardium (mIS). These two phenotypes (mIR vs. mIS) can only be assessed using time-consuming and expensive methods. The aim of the present study is to search a simple and reliable surrogate to identify both phenotypes. Methods: Forty-seven patients with T2D underwent myocardial [18F]FDG PET/CT at baseline and after a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp (HEC) to determine mIR were prospectively recruited. Biochemical assessments were performed before and after the HEC. Baseline hepatic steatosis index and index of hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4) were calculated. Furthermore, liver stiffness measurement was performed using transient elastography. Results: The best model to predict the presence of mIR was the combination of transaminases, protein levels, FIB-4 score and HOMA (AUC = 0.95; sensibility: 0.81; specificity: 0.95). We observed significantly higher levels of fibrosis in patients with mIR than in those with mIS (p = 0.034). In addition, we found that patients with mIR presented a reduced glucose uptake by the liver in comparison with patients with mIS. Conclusions: The combination of HOMA, protein, transaminases and FIB-4 is a simple and reliable tool for identifying mIR in patients with T2D. This information will be useful to improve the stratification of cardiovascular risk in T2D.This work was supported by the Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund (PI16/02064, PI20/01588) and the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) of Catalonia (2017SGR1303)

The Occurrence or Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus May Not Be Coincidental: A Report of Four Cases

Although clinical presentation of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is similar to most forms of glomerulonephritis, it is usually difficult to make the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations include proteinuria, microscopic haematuria, nephrotic syndrome, and impairment of renal function. A diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is only confirmed by renal biopsy and it must comprise electronmicroscopy-verified ultrastructural findings. We report four cases between 45–50 years old with documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension. All patients were found to have fibrils on kidney biopsy. The differential diagnosis of fibrils in the setting of diabetes mellitus is also discussed