Estatus sanitario en pequeños sistemas productivos piscícolas de tilapia en el municipio de San Carlos, Antioquia

Prevention and sanitary control measures in tilapia farms is a challenge for small peasant producers in Colombia. The goal of this work was to identify the health status of small tilapia farms in the municipality of San Carlos, Antioquia. A macro and microscopic analysis of 140 fishes was carried out, samples of the main organs were taken to detect the presence Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, and Edwardsiella tarda through PCR. Three fishes were taken per harvest to determine the presence of Escherichia coli in fillet. It was evaluated dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, total dissolved solids, salinity, conductivity, pH and microbiological presence of Escherichia coli and total coliforms in water. The macroscopic findings showed abnormalities mainly in eyes, posterior kidney and liver. Foreign organisms found were: Monogeneans 53.9 %, Trichodinids 29.1 % and Epistylis 7.8 %. Fishes with Monogenans presented higher weight and length than those negative (p 0.017 and 0.045) and lesions in the gills in a higher proportion (PR 1.56 95 % CI 1.17-2.06, p 0.006). The presence of Trichodinids presented statistical differences in relationship with pH, conductivity and salt concentration. The molecular tests were negative. Our findings may allow establishing zootechnical actions to improve the sanitary status of the tilapia production systems in San Carlos.Las medidas de prevención y control sanitario en sistemas productivos piscícolas de tilapia son un reto para los pequeños productores campesinos en Colombia. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en identificar in situ el estado sanitario de pequeños centros de producción de tilapia en el municipio de San Carlos, Antioquia. Se realizaron análisis macro y microscópico de 140 peces, se tomaron muestras de los principales órganos y se evaluó Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, y Edwardsiella tarda a través de pcr. Se tomaron tres peces por producción y se determinó la presencia de Escherichia coli en filete. Además, se evaluó la concentración de oxígeno disuelto, la temperatura, los sólidos totales disueltos, la salinidad, la conductividad, el pH y la presencia microbiológica de E. coli y coliformes totales en agua. Por su parte, los hallazgos macroscópicos evidenciaron anormalidades en ojos, riñón posterior e hígado. Los microorganismos hallados fueron: monogéneos (53,9 %), tricodínidos (29,1 %) y Epistylis (7,8 %). Los peces con monogéneos presentaron un peso y una longitud mayor que aquellos negativos (p = 0,017 y 0,045, respectivamente) y lesiones en branquias en mayor proporción (rp = 1,56, ic95 % 1,17-2,06, p = 0,006). La presencia de tricodínidos presentó una relación estadísticamente significativa con el pH, la conductividad y la concentración de sal, además, las pruebas moleculares fueron negativas. La información generada puede utilizarse para plantear acciones zootécnicas y sanitarias para mejorar el estatus sanitario de los sistemas productivos de tilapia en San Carlos

Una comparación de las economías andaluza y extremeña a partir de matrices de contabilidad social y multiplicadores lineales

Las matrices de contabilidad social (SAM) constituyen instrumentos de análisis y modelización de enorme interés, que recogen de manera consistente la totalidad de transacciones realizadas en una determinada economía; esta riqueza informativa que incorporan les permite mostrar una completa imagen de la realidad económica considerada y realizar una detallada descripción de la misma. Basándonos en esta amplitud de la información recogida en una SAM, en este trabajo pretendemos realizar una comparación entre las economías andaluza y extremeña para intentar determinar semejanzas y diferencias entre ellas. Para ello emplearemos índices de similitud y contrastes estadísticos calculados a partir de la respectivas matrices de contabilidad social construidas por los autores para ambas regiones. El análisis se completará realizando una detallada comparación de los multiplicadores contables que se obtendrían aplicando sobre ambas matrices los sencillos modelos de SAM lineales.A social accounting matrix is a very useful instrument of analysis. Using information included in a social accounting matrix (SAM) our claim is to provide a complete picture of an economy and to carry out detailed description of this one. In this work, based in the information collected in the SAM’s we do a comparison between the Andalusia and Extremadura economies in order to determine likeness and differences, using some indexes of similarity and statistical contrast calculated from their respectives social accounting matrices made by the authors for both regions. The analysis will be completed by means of a comparison between the linear multipliers obtained applying SAM linear models for both matrices

Hacia una paridad de desempeño académico en la competencia cuantitativa a partir del Modelo Pedagógico CEIPA

After the emergence of new training and / or training demands, the need arose to evaluate the academic performance of CEIPA, Business School students, after the incorporation of their own pedagogical model focused on constructivism; with the purpose of providing you with the necessary skills to reason, do calculations and solve numerical operations quickly and systematically within the competitive and globalized labor market. In principle, a comparative study is developed on academic performance in quantitative competence within the university environment and then, a quantitative methodology of an exploratory and explanatory type is followed, taking as a sample 543 students. For the results, tables prepared by the SPSS Software were made according to each type of evaluation: debates, exams and assignments. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences under the face-to-face and virtual study regimes, mainly in the evaluation of learning from exams and assignments. However, in the debates there is not the same symmetry, on the contrary, a higher performance is shown in the virtual mode.Tras el surgimiento de nuevas demandas de formación y/o capacitación, nace la necesidad de evaluar el desempeño académico de los estudiantes de CEIPA, Business School, tras la incorporación de su propio modelo pedagógico centrado en el constructivismo con el propósito de brindarle las habilidades necesarias para razonar, hacer cálculos y resolver operaciones numéricas de manera rápida y sistemática dentro del competitivo y globalizado mercado laboral. En principio, se desarrolló un estudio comparativo sobre el desempeño académico en la competencia cuantitativa dentro del ámbito universitario y luego, se implementó una metodología cuantitativa de tipo exploratoria y explicativa, tomando como muestra 543 estudiantes. Para los resultados, se hicieron tablas elaboradas por el Software SPSS de acuerdo con cada tipo de evaluación: debates, exámenes y trabajos. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas bajo los regímenes de estudio presencial y virtual, principalmente en la evaluación de los aprendizajes a partir de los exámenes y trabajos. Sin embargo, en los debates no existe la misma simetría, pues se muestra un mayor desempeño en la modalidad virtual

Propiedades psicométricas del Test Cyberbullying en una muestra de adolescentes mexicanos estudiantes de bachillerato

Due to the increasing number of cases of cyberbullying among adolescents, the need for a valid, reliable instrument to assess the prevalence of cyberbullying in Mexican adolescents has become evident. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Cyberbullying Test (Garaigordobil, 2013) in a sample of 1155 high school students from five educational establishments in western Mexico; ages ranging from 15 to 19 years old. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out, which resulted in asatisfactory adjustment to the three-factor model, according to the original instrument, and adequate factor loads. Moreover, the three scales that constitute the instrument showed adequate internal consistency. The results of the study are discussed in the context of contemporary literature on adolescent cyberbullying.Dado el incremento de los casos de cyberbullying entre adolescentes, se vuelve evidente la necesidad de contar con un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar la prevalencia del cyberbullying entre adolescentes mexicanos. El presente estudio se planteó como principal objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Test Cyberbullying (Garaigordobil, 2013) en una muestra de 1155 estudiantes de bachillerato provenientes de cinco establecimientos educativos del occidente de México, de entre 15 y 19 años de edad. Para analizar los datos se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio, que arrojó como resultado un ajuste satisfactorio al modelo trifactorial, acorde al instrumento original, con adecuadas cargas factoriales. Además, las tres escalas que constituyen el instrumento mostraron una adecuada consistencia interna. Los resultados del estudio se discuten en el marco de la literatura contemporánea sobre cyberbullying entre adolescentes

Functional reconstruction after subtotal glossectomy in the surgical treatment of an uncommon and aggressive neoplasm in this location: primary malignant melanoma in the base of the tongue

Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare neoplasm, especially on the tongue. We report a case of mucosal melanoma at the base of the tongue, an extremely rare location (only about 30 cases have been reported in literature). The extension study doesn't revealed distant metastatic lesions. The patient was treated by subtotal glossectomy and bilateral functional neck dissection. Tongue is one of the most difficult structures to reconstruct, because of their central role in phonation, swallowing and airway protection. The defect was reconstructed with anterolateral thigh free flap. Surgical treatment was supplemented with adjuvant immunotherapy. The post-operative period was uneventful. At present, 24 months after surgery, patient is asymptomatic, there isn't evidence of recurrence of melanoma and he hasn't any difficulty in swallowing or phonation

Miradas contemporáneas de los pueblos originarios en México

Este libro resume una amplia discusión sobre el papel que tienen los grupos originarios en México y la condición de las etnias a lo largo del territorio nacional. Desde hace cientos de años los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes han sido excluidos del desarrollo central de México, y en mayor o menor medida, estos grupos han ocupado un lugar residual en las políticas públicas de los diferentes gobiernos, y sufrido de manera regular la discriminación por parte del resto de la población.CEDIPIEM, UAEMéx, BUAP, Center for Earth Ethic

Perfusion Decellularization of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Allows Tissue-Engineered Scaffold Generation by Preserving Matrix Architecture and Cytocompatibility

Reconstruction of bile ducts damaged remains a vexing medical problem. Surgeons have few options when it comes to a long segment reconstruction of the bile duct. Biological scaffolds of decellularized biliary origin may offer an approach to support the replace of bile ducts. Our objective was to obtain an extracellular matrix scaffold derived from porcine extrahepatic bile ducts (dECM-BD) and to analyze its biological and biochemical properties. The efficiency of the tailored perfusion decellularization process was assessed through histology stainings. Results from 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stainings, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification showed proper extracellular matrix (ECM) decellularization with an effectiveness of 98%. Immunohistochemistry results indicate an effective decrease in immunogenic marker as human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A) and Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) proteins. The ECM of the bile duct was preserved according to Masson and Herovici stainings. Data derived from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the preservation of the dECM-BD hierarchical structures. Cytotoxicity of dECM-BD was null, with cells able to infiltrate the scaffold. In this work, we standardized a decellularization method that allows one to obtain a natural bile duct scaffold with hierarchical ultrastructure preservation and adequate cytocompatibility

External quality assessment of Rift Valley fever diagnosis in 17 veterinary laboratories of the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arboviral zoonosis that primarily affects ruminants but can also cause illness in humans. The increasing impact of RVF in Africa and Middle East and the risk of expansion to other areas such as Europe, where competent mosquitos are already established, require the implementation of efficient surveillance programs in animal populations. For that, it is pivotal to regularly assess the performance of existing diagnostic tests and to evaluate the capacity of veterinary labs of endemic and non-endemic countries to detect the infection in an accurate and timely manner. In this context, the animal virology network of the MediLabSecure project organized between October 2016 and March 2017 an external quality assessment (EQA) to evaluate the RVF diagnostic capacities of beneficiary veterinary labs. This EQA was conceived as the last step of a training curriculum that included 2 diagnostic workshops that were organized by INIA-CISA (Spain) in 2015 and 2016. Seventeen veterinary diagnostic labs from 17 countries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions participated in this EQA. The exercise consisted of two panels of samples for molecular and serological detection of the virus. The laboratories were also provided with positive controls and all the kits and reagents necessary to perform the recommended diagnostic techniques. All the labs were able to apply the different protocols and to provide the results on time. The performance was good in the molecular panel with 70.6% of participants reporting 100% correct results, and excellent in the serological panel with 100% correct results reported by 94.1% of the labs. This EQA provided a good overview of the RVFV diagnostic capacities of the involved labs and demonstrated that most of them were able to correctly identify the virus genome and antibodies in different animal samples

Genetic Structure of the Spanish Population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genetic admixture is a common caveat for genetic association analysis. Therefore, it is important to characterize the genetic structure of the population under study to control for this kind of potential bias.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we have sampled over 800 unrelated individuals from the population of Spain, and have genotyped them with a genome-wide coverage. We have carried out linkage disequilibrium, haplotype, population structure and copy-number variation (CNV) analyses, and have compared these estimates of the Spanish population with existing data from similar efforts.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In general, the Spanish population is similar to the Western and Northern Europeans, but has a more diverse haplotypic structure. Moreover, the Spanish population is also largely homogeneous within itself, although patterns of micro-structure may be able to predict locations of origin from distant regions. Finally, we also present the first characterization of a CNV map of the Spanish population. These results and original data are made available to the scientific community.</p