Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Kualitas Pelatihan, dan Pengalaman Kerja Aparatur Desa terhadap Pemahaman Laporan Keuangan Desa (Studi pada Kecamatan Banda Raya Kota Banda Aceh)

This study aims to determine the effect of Education Level, Quality Training, and Work Experience on the Understanding Village Financial Report.The data used in this study is the primary data by spreading the questionnaire to the village apparatus in Banda Raya District of Banda Aceh.The population in this study is the village apparatus that exists in Banda Raya District of Banda Aceh. The collecting of data and information needed in this research was done by field research. The data used is primary data collected directly from the subject of research by a questionnaire form. The testing of the influences of independent variables toward dependent variables was done by using multiple regressions model. The results of this research showed that both partially and simultaniously, The Level of Education, The Quality of Training, and Work Experience had an effect on The Understanding of The Village Financial Statements in the Banda Raya District of Banda Ace

Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Kabupaten Karo

Land use and land cover is an important component in understanding the interaction of human activities with the environment. Forest management include the planning and supervision in the Karo regency forest becomes very important to do in order to prevent degradation of the forest more severe. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in land use from 1997 to 2012 and makes predictions extensive land use in 2018 and 2024. This research methods to utilize remote sensing technology and geographic information systems (GIS) and then compare the 5 maps of land use interpretation of Landsat ETM + (1997, 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009 ). Classification results show that the Karo Regency has 11 land cover classes. The equation obtained from the linear regressions used to predict land cover area.The results showed that widespread changes in land cover occurred in dryland farming into rice paddies. Therefore, it is necessary that proper spatial planning in Karo Regency

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kemauan Membayar Pajak (Studi pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang Memiliki USAha Warung Kopi di Kota Banda Aceh)

This research aimed to examine and analyze factors that affect willingness to pay taxes. These factors are the awareness of tax paying, knowledge and understanding of taxation regulation, and good perception of the effectiveness of the tax system.Data of this research was collected through questionnaires distribution to the taxpayer who has coffee shop business in Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program to test whether the model used in this study appropriates as the model analyzed.The empirical results show that not all the above factors has influence on the willingness of taxpayers to pay taxes, only the awareness of tax paying has influence on the willingness of taxpayers. The other factors that are knowledge and understanding taxation regulation and good perception of the effectiveness of the tax system have not significant impact on the willingness to pay taxes. This research is expected to give a view to related parties that are constantly faced to the extensification and intensification of taxes about how to solve this problem. The solution requires hard work from the Tax Service Office to make socializing even harder to the taxpayers, thus increasing the knowledge and understanding of taxation regulation, also good perception of the effectiveness of the tax system. Therefore, it can help increase the willingness of taxpayers to pay taxes

Perencanaan Rainwater Harvesting System Dengan Metode Roof Catchment (Studi Kasus: Gedung 8, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung)

The Rainwater Harvesting System Development Planning which will be built using the Roof Catchment method in Building 8 Campus of the National Institute of Technology is an effort to implement policies for soil conservation, collecting rainwater so that it can be reused and participating in environmental protection and planning. The data needed in planning the Rainwater Harvesting System is data on water needs, rainfall, active student data and the existing condition of the building which will later be planned for the Rainwater Harvesting System. After doing the calculations, it was found that the water needs of students in building 8 is 1,168.8 m3/month, the tank volume is 11,159.39 m3 with a depth of 2 m and a tank width of 2.4 m, rainwater discharge is 134,564 m3/s, and dimensions gutter signs of 9 m with a length of 22 m as many as 4 (four) gutters. The construction of the Rainwater Harvesting System is expected to be an alternative in minimizing the use of uncontrolled groundwater and utilizing rainwater as a substitute when the dry season comes. Planning for the Rainwater Harvesting System in Building 8 of the National Institute of Technology requires a cost of Rp. 63,522,000.00 Keywords: Rainwater Harvesting System, Roof Catchment, GutterA B S T R A K Perencanaan Pembangunan Rainwater Harvesting System yang akan dibangun dengan metode Roof Catchment di Gedung 8 Kampus Institut Teknologi Nasional merupakan upaya dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan untuk konservasi tanah, menampung air hujan agar dapat digunakan kembali serta peran serta dalam perlindungan dan perencanaan lingkungan hidup. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam perencanaan Rainwater Harvesting System adalah data kebutuhan air, curah hujan, data mahasiswa aktif serta kondisi eksisting bangunan yang nantinya akan direncanakan Rainwater Harvesting System-nya. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan maka didapatkan bahwa kebutuhan air mahasiswa di gedung 8 sebesar 1.168,8 m3/bulan, volume tangki sebesar 11.159,39 m3 dengan kedalam 2 m dan lebar tangki 2,4 m, debit air hujan sebesar 134,564 m3/det, dan dimensi talang rambu sebesar 9 m dengan panjang 22 m sebanyak 4 (empat) talang. Pembangunan Rainwater Harvesting System diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam meminimalisir penggunaan air tanah yang tidak terkontrol dan memanfaatkan air hujan sebagai pengganti disaat musim kemarau datang. Perencanaan Rainwater Harvesting System di Gedung 8 Institut Teknologi Nasional memerlukan biaya sebesar Rp. 63.522.000,00 Kata Kunci: Rainwater Harvesting System, Roof Catchment, Talan

Hubungan Asupan Karbohidrat dan Status Gizi dengan Kadar Asam Urat pada Lansia di Posyandu Peduli Insani Mendungan Desa Pabelan Kecamatan Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Background : Carbohydrate including fructose and glucose can affect to level of blood uric acid. Overweight could ncrease leptine levels which lead to the increasing of uric acid levels in the blood. Objective : To determine the relationship between carbohydrate intake, nutritional status and blood uric acid of elderly at the Posyandu Peduli Insani Mendungan Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo. Research Method : The research was an observational study with cross sectional approach. Sixty-seven elderly were recruited using Simple Random Sampling technique. The data of carbohydrate intake were obtained using semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, weight and high was measured using bathroom scale and microtoice, respectively and uric acid levels were analyzed by spectrophotometer using venous blood. Pearson Product Moment test of SPSS for windows version 21.0 was used to analyze the relationship between carbohydrate intake, nutritional status and the uric acid levels of the elderly. Result : Twenty-two (78.6%) elderly have high carbohydrate intake with high uric acid levels and 18 (64.3%) elderly have high nutritional status with high uric acid levels. The result of the correlation test indicated that there is no relationship between carbohydrate intake and nutritional status as well as for carbohydrate intake and uric acid levels of the elderly, with p value 0.073 and 0.078, respectively. Conclusion : Carbohydrate intake and nutritional status are not related to the uric acid levels of elderly at the Posyandu Peduli Insani Mendungan Pabelan Kartasura Sukoharjo Keywords : Carbohydrate Intake, Blood Uric Acid, Elderly Nutritional Status Bibliography : 51 (1992-2015

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background: Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. // Methods: For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. // Findings: By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81·6% [95% uncertainty interval 80·4–82·7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39·9% [37·5–42·1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38·5% [35·4–41·3] in 1980 to 83·6% [82·3–84·8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42·6% (41·4–44·1) in 1980 to 79·8% (78·4–81·1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56·8 million (52·6–60·9) to 14·5 million (13·4–15·9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. // Interpretation: After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines

Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations.publishedVersio

The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Analysing trends and levels of the burden of disease at the national level can mask inequalities in health-related progress in lower administrative units such as provinces and districts. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to analyse health patterns in Indonesia at the provincial level between 1990 and 2019. Long-term analyses of disease burden provide insights on Indonesia's advance to universal health coverage and its ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Methods We analysed GBD 2019 estimated cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, and risk factors for 286 causes of death, 369 causes of non-fatal health loss, and 87 risk factors by year, age, and sex for Indonesia and its 34 provinces from 1990 to 2019. To generate estimates for Indonesia at the national level, we used 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators, 317 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death, 689 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes, 250 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors, and 1641 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. For subnational estimates, we used the following source counts: 138 location-years of data to estimate Indonesia-specific demographic indicators; 5848 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific causes of death; 1534 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific non-fatal outcomes; 650 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific risk factors; and 16 016 location-years of data for Indonesia-specific covariates. We generated our GBD 2019 estimates for Indonesia by including 1 915 207 total source metadata rows, and we used 821 total citations. Findings Life expectancy for males across Indonesia increased from 62·5 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·3–63·7) to 69·4 years (67·2–71·6) between 1990 and 2019, a positive change of 6·9 years. For females during the same period, life expectancy increased from 65·7 years (64·5–66·8) to 73·5 years (71·6–75·6), an increase of 7·8 years. There were large disparities in health outcomes among provinces. In 2019, Bali had the highest life expectancy at birth for males (74·4 years, 70·90–77·9) and North Kalimantan had the highest life expectancy at birth for females (77·7 years, 74·7–81·2), whereas Papua had the lowest life expectancy at birth for males (64·5 years, 60·9–68·2) and North Maluku had the lowest life expectancy at birth for females (64·0 years, 60·7–67·3). The difference in life expectancy for males between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 9·9 years and the difference in life expectacy for females between the highest-ranked and lowest-ranked provinces was 13·7 years. Age-standardised death, YLL, and YLD rates also varied widely among the provinces in 2019. High systolic blood pressure, tobacco, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, and high BMI were the five leading risks contributing to health loss measured as DALYs in 2019. Interpretation Our findings highlight that Indonesia faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases that varies across provinces. From 1990 to 2019, Indonesia witnessed a decline in the infectious disease burden, although communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections have remained a main source of DALYs in Indonesia. During that same period, however, all-ages death and disability rates from non-communicable diseases and exposure to their risk factors accounted for larger shares of health loss. The differences in health outcomes between the highest-performing and lowest-performing provinces have also widened since 1990. Our findings support a comprehensive process to revisit current health policies, examine the root causes of variation in the burden of disease among provinces, and strengthen programmes and policies aimed at reducing disparities across the country. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Government of Indonesia. Translation For the Bahasa Indonesia translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section