Increasing the hiding capacity of low-bit encoding audio steganography using a novel embedding technique

The rapid growth of multimedia transmission leads to lose the owner identity of their products. Therefore, the demand to secure such input is crucial. In this paper, an overview of steganography and its technique applied is introduced. A data hiding within audio signals is studied. LSB technique is used and simulated result is presented. The result is characterized by robustness and high bit rate. It was shown that length of the embedded message (secret message) does not affect the stego signal audibility as long as it does not exceed the length of the original signal

Role of Private Agricultural Extension Sector in Gezira State, Sudan

The aim of this study was to assess the role of private agricultural extension sector in  Gezira State ,Sudan. Field survey was used to collect data from  100 small scale farmers in 2014/2015 growing season using full count methods. The collected data were statistically analyzed and interpreted using percentage, frequency distribution and chi-square test. The majority of the results showed significant association between all kind of  extension services provided by private agricultural extension sector and increase in farmer`s production. It can be concluded that private agricultural extension sector in  Gezira State can play more effective role if it can be supported by enough well trained extension officers . Thus, The private agricultural extension sector in  Gezira State should be supported by all concerned  input companies, local NGOS , individuals and other agribusiness enterprises and the number of extension field staff should be increases and well trained.

Non-native speakers’ attitudes towards the use of short Arabic stories in language classes

This study aims to investigate the attitudes of non-Arabic students towards reading short stories in Arabic at universities in Malaysia, with a focus on three variables: the students’ university, gender, and mother tongue. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using a questionnaire and semi-structured focus group discussion with 58 participants. The study found that the students had positive attitudes toward reading short stories. There were no statistically significant differences between the participants’ attitudes based on type of university, gender, and mother tongue. With respect to the types of short stories students prefer, comic stories were read most frequently by students. Finally, students also found it very encouraging and supporting to use short stories to enhance their Arabic language skills. The study concludes with some recommendations for further research

Beam Steering using the Active Element Pattern of Antenna Array

An antenna array is a set of a combination of two or more antennas in order to achieve improved performance over a single antenna. This paper investigates the beam steering technique using the active element pattern of dipole antenna array. The radiation pattern of the array can be obtain by using the active element pattern method multiplies with the array factor. The active element pattern is crucial as the mutual coupling effect is considered, and it will lead to an accurate radiation pattern, especially in determining direction of arrival (DoA) of a signal. A conventional method such as the pattern multiplication method ignores the coupling effect which is essential especially for closely spaced antenna arrays. The comparison between both techniques has been performed for better performance. It is observed that the active element pattern influenced the radiation pattern of antenna arrays, especially at the side lobe level. Then, the beam of the 3x3 dipole antenna array has been steered to an angle of 60° using three techniques; Uniform, Chebyshev and Binomial distribution. All of these are accomplished using CST and Matlab software

Beam steering using the active element pattern of antenna array

An antenna array is a set of a combination of two or more antennas in order to achieve improved performance over a single antenna. This paper investigates the beam steering technique using the active element pattern of dipole antenna array. The radiation pattern of the array can be obtain by using the active element pattern method multiplies with the array factor. The active element pattern is crucial as the mutual coupling effect is considered, and it will lead to an accurate radiation pattern, especially in determining direction of arrival (DoA) of a signal. A conventional method such as the pattern multiplication method ignores the coupling effect which is essential especially for closely spaced antenna arrays. The comparison between both techniques has been performed for better performance. It is observed that the active element pattern influenced the radiation pattern of antenna arrays, especially at the side lobe level. Then, the beam of the 3x3 dipole antenna array has been steered to an angle of 60° using three techniques; Uniform, Chebyshev and Binomial distribution. All of these are accomplished using CST and Matlab softwar

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new polyheterocyclic systems containing 1,2,4-triazine moiety

7-(4-Chloro/3-nitrophenyl)-8-[5,6-diphenyl-4-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl]-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile (6a, b) was utilized as a key intermediate for the target polyheterocyclic systems. Reactions of 6a, b with halocarbonyl reagents followed by heterocyclization with bi-nitrogen nucleophiles gave some new nitrogen heterocycles (7-13). Structures of the new compounds were established by elemental analyses and spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity

Heat transfer coefficients and yield analysis of a double-slope solar still hybrid with rubber scrapers: an experimental and theoretical study

In this study, a new double-slope solar still hybrid with rubber scrapers (DSSSHS) and a double-slope solar still (DSSS) were designed, manufactured and tested. The proposed design of DSSSHS makes use of the advantages of using a small slope of the condensing cover of the still that allows higher solar radiation to enter into the still. Disadvantages resulting from using the small slope are overcome by using the rubber scrapers. No researcher has yet used the scrapers in solar still. Experimental measurements and results were used to calculate the theoretical values of convective and evaporative heat transfer coefficients, in addition to the theoretical values of the yields. Results of the two models were compared to evaluate the advantages of using rubber scrapers in the new model. Using rubber scrapers in DSSSHS model enhanced the total internal heat transfer coefficient (h1) as well as the productivity. The maximum recorded value of the total internal heat transfer coefficient for the DSSSHS is found as 38.754 W/m2 °C and the daily yield as 4.24 L/m2 day with productivity improvement of 63%, for the case when the inclination angle of the glass cover is quite small (about 3.0°)

Hourly yield prediction of a double-slope solar still hybrid with rubber scrapers in low-latitude areas based on the particle swarm optimization technique

Several studies have attempted to improve the productivity of solar stills and build expressive models for yield prediction. However, most of these models do not consider the amount of condensed water that falls from the condensing cover towards the solar still basin, especially in the case of small-slope covers. This oversight can significantly affect the accuracy of these models. In this study, we developed a fairly simple method to estimate the amount of distilled water produced every hour from the double-slope solar still hybrid with rubber scrapers (DSSSHS) in low-latitude areas. The proposed model is based on the determination of the best values for the unknown constant (C) and the exponent (n) for the Nusselt number expression used to formulate the equation for the estimation of the hourly yield of a solar still (HYSS). This was achieved by solving an optimization problem using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in which the optimal yields were determined by estimating the optimal values of the unknown C and nparameters. This technique, which is used for the first time in this study to build a yield prediction model, avoided the conventional trial-and-error approach to calculating unknown coefficients in a proposed model. Furthermore, the use of rubber scrapers to collect the condensed water that accumulates on the inner surfaces of the condensing cover enhanced the accuracy of the measurement of solar still experimental yields, which consequently improved the accuracy of the model. The proposed model was validated against the experimental data collected in this study. The results showed that the built model was able to accurately estimate the HYSS values

Evaluating mobility management models for content forwarding in named data networking environments

Named Data Networking (NDN) performs its routing and forwarding decisions using name prefixes. This removes some of the issues affecting addresses in our traditional IP architecture such as limitation in address allocation and management, and even NAT translations etcetera. Another positivity of NDN is its ability to use the conventional routing like the link state and distance vector algorithm. In route announcement, NDN node broadcasts its name prefix which consists of the knowledge of the next communicating node. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of mobility management models used in forwarding NDN contents to a next hop. This makes it crucial to select an approach of mobility model that translates the nature of movement of the NDN mobile routers. A detailed analysis of the famous mobility model such as the Random Waypoint mobility and Constant Velocity were computed to determine the mobility rate of the NDN mobile router. Simulation analysis was carried out using ndnSIM 2.1 on Linux Version 16.1. we build and compile with modules and libraries in NS-3.29. The sample of movement of the mobile router is illustrated and our result present the viability of the Constant Velocity model as compared with the Random Way point. Keywords—Named Data Networking, Prefix, Broadcast, ndnSIM, NS-3.2