The biochemical, microbiological, antioxidant and sensory characterization of fermented skimmed milk drinks supplemented with probiotics Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus

A variety of foods fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) serve as dietary staples in many countries. The incorporation of health-promoting probiotics into fermented milk products can have profound effects on human health. Considering the health benefits of Yakult, the current study was undertaken to develop an enriched Yakult-like fermented skimmed milk drink by the addition of two probiotic strains, namely Lacticaseibacillus casei (Lc) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Lr). The prepared drinks were compared in terms of various parameters, including their physicochemical properties, proximate chemical composition, mineral estimation, microbial viable count, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation. Each strain was employed at five different concentrations, including 1% (T1), 1.5% (T2), 2% (T3), 2.5% (T4), and 3% (T5). The prepared Yakult samples were stored at 4 °C and analyzed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to evaluate biochemical changes. The findings revealed that the concentration of the starter culture had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on the pH value and moisture and protein contents, but had no marked impact on the fat or ash content of the developed product. With the Lc strain, Yakult’s moisture content ranged from 84.25 ± 0.09 to 85.65 ± 0.13%, whereas with the Lr strain, it was from 84.24 ± 0.08 to 88.75 ± 0.13%. Protein levels reached their highest values with T5 (3% concentration). The acidity of all treatments increased significantly due to fermentation and, subsequently, pH showed a downward trend (p ≤ 0.05). The total soluble solids (TSS) content decreased during storage with Lc as compared to Lr, but the presence of carbohydrates had no appreciable impact. The drink with Lc exhibited a more uniform texture and smaller pore size than Yakult with Lr. Except for the iron values, which showed an increasing trend, the contents of other minerals decreased in increasing order of the added probiotic concentration used: 1% (T1), 1.5% (T2), 2% (T3), 2.5% (T4), and 3% (T5). The highest lactobacilli viable count of 8.69 ± 0.43 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL was observed with the T1 Lr-containing drink at the end of the storage period. Regarding the storage stability of the drink, the highest value for DPPH (88.75 ± 0.13%) was found with the T1 Lc drink on day 15, while the highest values for FRAP (4.86 ± 2.80 mmol Fe2+/L), TPC (5.97 ± 0.29 mg GAE/mL), and TFC (3.59 ± 0.17 mg GAE/mL) were found with the T5 Lr drink on day 28 of storage. However, the maximum value for ABTS (3.59 ± 0.17%) was noted with the T5 Lr drink on the first day of storage. The results of this study prove that Lc and Lr can be used in dairy-based fermented products and stored at refrigerated temperatures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Essential components from plant source oils: a review on extraction, detection, identification, and quantification

Oils derived from plant sources, mainly fixed oils from seeds and essential oil from other parts of the plant, are gaining interest as they are the rich source of beneficial compounds that possess potential applications in different industries due to their preventive and therapeutic actions. The essential oils are used in food, medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture industries as they possess antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Plant based oils contain polyphenols, phytochemicals, and bioactive compounds which show high antioxidant activity. The extractions of these oils are a crucial step in terms of the yield and quality attributes of plant oils. This review paper outlines the different modern extraction techniques used for the extraction of different seed oils, including microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), cold-pressed extraction (CPE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEF). For the identification and quantification of essential and bioactive compounds present in seed oils, different modern techniques—such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS), and electron microscopy (EM)—are highlighted in this review along with the beneficial effects of these essential components in different in vivo and in vitro studies and in different applications. The primary goal of this research article is to pique the attention of researchers towards the different sources, potential uses and applications of oils in different industries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study : a WSES observational study

BackgroundTiming and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted.MethodsThis worldwide multicentre observational study included 153 surgical departments across 56 countries over a 4-month study period between February 1, 2018, and May 31, 2018.ResultsA total of 3137 patients were included, with 1815 (57.9%) men and 1322 (42.1%) women, with a median age of 47years (interquartile range [IQR] 28-66). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 8.9%, with a median length of stay of 6days (IQR 4-10). Using multivariable logistic regression, independent variables associated with in-hospital mortality were identified: age > 80years, malignancy, severe cardiovascular disease, severe chronic kidney disease, respiratory rate >= 22 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure 4mmol/l. These variables were used to create the PIPAS Severity Score, a bedside early warning score for patients with acute peritonitis. The overall mortality was 2.9% for patients who had scores of 0-1, 22.7% for those who had scores of 2-3, 46.8% for those who had scores of 4-5, and 86.7% for those who have scores of 7-8.ConclusionsThe simple PIPAS Severity Score can be used on a global level and can help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for treatment failure and mortality.Peer reviewe

Birleşik kısmi kapsamalı yerleşim ve seçmeli gezgin satıcı problemi için bir değişken komşuluk arama yöntemi.

In this study, a metaheuristic procedure, particularly a variable neighborhood search procedure, is proposed to solve the combined location and selective traveling salesman problem in glass recycling. The collection of used glass is done by a collecting vehicle that visits a number of predefined collection centers, like restaurants and hospitals that are going to be referred to as compulsory points. Meanwhile, it is desired to locate a predetermined number of bottle banks to residential areas. The aim is to determine the location of these bottle banks and the route of the collecting vehicle so that all compulsory points and all bottle banks are visited and the maximum profit is obtained. Population zones are defined in residential areas and it is assumed that the people in a particular population zone will recycle their used glass to the closest bottle bank that fully or partially covers their zone. A Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm and its variant have been utilized for the solution of the problem. Computational experiments have been made on small and medium scale test problems, randomly generated and adapted from the literature.M.S. - Master of Scienc

A location-routing problem in glass recycling

In this study, a location-routing problem encountered in glass recycling is addressed. We formulate a combined maximal covering location problem in the presence of partial coverage and selective traveling salesman problem to determine the location of bottle banks and the route of a collecting vehicle that will daily visit a number of customers and the bottle banks. We propose a nested heuristic procedure to solve the problem. The outer loop of the heuristic is based on variable neighborhood search while the inner loop solves the traveling salesman problem on the locations defined. The performance of the heuristic procedure is demonstrated with computational experimentation on instances that are both randomly generated and are taken from the literature. An application of the procedure on a case study using a geographical information system is also reported

Yüke maruz ince daneli zeminlerin donma-çözülme davranışı

Mevsimsel donma görülen soğuk iklim bölgelerinde karayolu, demiryolu, sulama kanalı gibi mühendislik yapılarına ait yüzeysel temel zeminleri bu yükler altında donma-çözülmeye maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bu tür zeminleri temsil etmek amacıyla donma-çözülme deneyi geleneksel yöntemin yani numune üzerinde yük olmamasının yanı sıra numuneler üzerine yük uygulanması hali için de yapılmıştır. Deneyler, bir ince daneli zeminin standart proktor enerjisi altında sıkıştırılması ile hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Geleneksel yöntemde yapılan deneylerde 1, 3, 5 ve 10 çevrim sonunda numunelerin serbest basınç mukavemet değerleri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra bu değerlerin % 25, % 35 ve % 50'sine karşılık gelen yük numuneler üzerinde iken donma-çözülme deneyleri tekrarlanmıştır. Her iki yöntem ile yapılan deneyler sonucunda numunelerin donma-çözülme dayanımları belirlenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarından üzerinde yük olan zeminlerin donma-çözülme dayanım değerlerinin geleneksel yöntem ile bulunanlardan daha az olduğu görülmüştür

MILP-HYPERBOX CLASSIFICATION FOR STRUCTURE-BASED DRUG DESIGN IN THE DISCOVERY OF SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF SIRTUIN6

Virtual screening of chemical libraries following experimental assays of drug candidates is a common procedure in structure-based drug discovery. However, virtual screening of chemical libraries with millions of compounds requires a lot of time for computing and data analysis. A priori classification of compounds in the libraries as low-and high-binding free energy sets decreases the number of compounds for virtual screening experiments. This classification also reduces the required computational time and resources. Data analysis is demanding since a compound can be described by more than one thousand attributes that make any data analysis very challenging. In this paper, we use the hyperbox classification method in combination with partial least squares regression to determine the most relevant molecular descriptors of the drug molecules for an efficient classification. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated on a target protein, SIRT6. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches reported in the literature with 83.55% accuracy using six common molecular descriptors (SC-5, SP-6, SHBd, minHaaCH, maxwHBa, FMF). Additionally, the top 10 hit compounds are determined and reported as the candidate inhibitors of SIRT6 for which no inhibitors have so far been reported in the literature

Milp-hyperbox classification for structure-based drug design in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of SIRTUIN6

Virtual screening of chemical libraries following experimental assays of drug candidates is a common procedure in structure-based drug discovery. However, virtual screening of chemical libraries with millions of compounds requires a lot of time for computing and data analysis. A priori classification of compounds in the libraries as low-and high-binding free energy sets decreases the number of compounds for virtual screening experiments. This classification also reduces the required computational time and resources. Data analysis is demanding since a compound can be described by more than one thousand attributes that make any data analysis very challenging. In this paper, we use the hyperbox classification method in combination with partial least squares regression to determine the most relevant molecular descriptors of the drug molecules for an efficient classification. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated on a target protein, SIRT6. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches reported in the literature with 83.55% accuracy using six common molecular descriptors (SC-5, SP-6, SHBd, minHaaCH, maxwHBa, FMF). Additionally, the top 10 hit compounds are determined and reported as the candidate inhibitors of SIRT6 for which no inhibitors have so far been reported in the literature

Milp-hyperbox classification for structure-based drug design in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of SIRTUIN6

Virtual screening of chemical libraries following experimental assays of drug candidates is a common procedure in structure-based drug discovery. However, virtual screening of chemical libraries with millions of compounds requires a lot of time for computing and data analysis. A priori classification of compounds in the libraries as low- and high-binding free energy sets decreases the number of compounds for virtual screening experiments. This classification also reduces the required computational time and resources. Data analysis is demanding since a compound can be described by more than one thousand attributes that make any data analysis very challenging. In this paper, we use the hyperbox classification method in combination with partial least squares regression to determine the most relevant molecular descriptors of the drug molecules for an efficient classification. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated on a target protein, SIRT6. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches reported in the literature with 83.55% accuracy using six common molecular descriptors (SC-5, SP-6, SHBd, minHaaCH, maxwHBa, FMF). Additionally, the top 10 hit compounds are determined and reported as the candidate inhibitors of SIRT6 for which no inhibitors have so far been reported in the literature

Transrektal ultrasonografi kılavuzluğunda prostat biyopsisi yapılan hastalarda enfektif komplikasyonlar ve rektal floradaki siprofloksasine dirençli Escherichia coli kolonizasyonunun rolü

WOS: 000402553200019PubMed ID: 28717548Objective: In the present study, we aimed to invastigate the ciprofloxacin resistance in rectal flora of the patients undergoing prostate biopsy in our department. Additionally, the possible effects of the presence of ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria in faecal flora on the risk of infective complications after the procedure as well as the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on such infectious complications have been evaluated. Material and methods: A total of 142 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were included into the study program. Rectal swab samples were taken from all patients prior to biopsy. The presence of complications have been evaluated after a week following the biopsy procedure. Patients with fever were also evaluated. The possible correlation between the presence of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in faecal flora and the risk of urinary tract infection development and the other complications were evaluated. Results: E. coli bacteria were present in all cultures of rectal swab samples obtained from 142 patients prior to prostate biopsy. Of all these patients, while ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli (CR E. coli) grew in 76 (53.5%) patients; ciprofloxacin susceptible E. coli (CS E. coli) was obtained in 66 (46.5%) patients. In 16 patients (11.3%), infectious complications were observed. While the infective complications were present in the 14.5% of patients with CR E. coli; they were present in the 7.6% of patients with CS E. coli (p=0.295). High fever was observed in nine patients (6.3%). Of these nine patients, although six had CR E. coli growth as detected during culture sensitivity tests; three had CS E. coli growth in their rectal swab culture tests. Sepsis was observed in three (2.1%) of these patients with high fever. Ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli grew in all of the rectal swab cultures obtained from these patients with sepsis. Conclusion: In the light of our findings we may say that, it will be appropriate to reconsider the ciprofloxacin prophylaxis and prefer to use other prophylactic agents for a certain period of time in populations with higher rates of resistance to this medical agent. Furthermore, it will be appropriate again to obtain rectal swab specimens for culture tests before biopsy procedure in order to perform targeted prophylaxis according to the culture antibiogram test results. This approach will enable us to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the procedure in detail.Bu çalışmada, kliniğimizde prostat biyopsisi uygulanan hastalarda rektal floradaki bakterilerin siprofloksasine direncini araştırdık. Aynı zamanda fekal florada siprofloksasine dirençli bakterilerin bulunmasının işlem sonrası gelişebilecek enfektif komplikasyon riskine olası etkisini ve bu açıdan profilaktik antibiyotik kullanımının söz konusu enfeksiyöz komplikasyonlar üzerine etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya transrektal ultrasonografi kılavuzluğunda prostat biyopsisi yapılan toplam 142 hasta dahil edildi. Biyopsi öncesinde tüm hastalardan rektal sürüntü örneği alındı. Biyopsi yapıldıktan 1 hafta sonra tüm hastalar komplikasyonların varlığı açısından sorgulandı. Ateş yüksekliği olan hastalar ayrıca değerlendirmeye alındı. Fekal florada siprofloksasin dirençli bakteri taşıyıcılığının, prostat biyopsisi sonrası üriner sistem enfeksiyonu ve diğer komplikasyonların gelişimi ile olan ilişkisi değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Prostat biyopsisi yapılan 142 hastanın biyopsi öncesi yapılan rektal sürüntü örneklerinin tamamında E. coli üremesi oldu. Bunların 76 tanesinde (%53,5) siprofloksasine dirençli E. coli (SR E. coli) ürerken 66 tanesinde (%46,5) siprofloksasin duyarlı E. coli (SS E. coli) üredi. Toplam 16 hastada (%11,3) enfektif komplikasyonlar gözlendi. SR E. coli grubunda enfektif komplikasyonlar %14,5 oranında gözlenirken, bu oran SS. E. coli grubunda %7,6 idi (p=0,295). Toplam 9 hastada (%6,3) yüksek ateş gözlendi. Bu hastaların 6 tanesinin rektal sürüntü kültüründe SR E. coli ürerken 3 tanesinin rektal sürüntü kültüründe SS E. coli üremişti. Yüksek ateş gözlenen bu hastaların 3 tanesinde (%2,1) sepsis gözlendi. Sepsis gelişen 3 hastanın da rektal sürüntü kültürlerinde siprofloksasine dirençli E. coli üredi.Sonuç: Kanaatimizce siprofloksasin profilaksisinin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve direnç oranı yüksek toplumlarda en azından belli bir süre başka bir profilaksi ajanının kullanılması gerektiğini söyleyebiliriz. Maliyeti ayrıca değerlendirmek şartıyla biyopsi öncesi rektal sürüntü kültürü alınması ve buradaki antibiyogram sonucuna göre hedefe yönelik profilaksi yapılması uygun olacaktır