1,926 research outputs found

    Bryophytes from Jalapão, state of Tocantins, northern Brazil

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    Although occupying almost half the area of Brazil, the northern region of the country remains poorly known bryologically. In an attempt to help remedy this problem, a collecting trip was made to Jalapão Desert, located in the state of Tocantins. A total of 22 taxa were found, 21 are new occurrences to the state and three are new to the northern region of Brazil. Bryum caespiticium Hedw. is listed for the second time from Brazil. A list of the taxa with references of descriptions and illustrations are provided.Embora ocupe quase metade da área do pais, a região norte do Brasil, continua sendo pouco conhecida do ponto de vista briológico. A fim de contribuir com o conhecimento sobre a brioflora da area, uma viajem de coleta foi feita a região do Jalapão, localizado no estado do Tocantins. Um total de 22 taxa foram encontrados, 21 novas ocorrências para o estado e três novas para a região norte. Bryum caespiticium Hedw. é citado pela segunda vez para o Brasil. É fornecida uma lista dos taxa com referências de descrições e ilustrações

    A espada do Basileus: a política imperial e a cristianização do exército romano, século IV d.C.

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    Tese de mestrado, História (História Antiga), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2012Nesta dissertação, discutiu-se como o Estado romano lidou com os cristãos em seu exército, bem como as diversas posições de eclesiásticos sobre a questão e como o problema foi resolvido após a conversão de Constantino. Contrariando a tese formulada por Edward Gibbon no século XVIII, foi explicado como o cristianismo na verdade fortaleceu o “espírito militar” e contribuiu na formação de uma identidade militar tardia. Para tal esforço foi realizada uma contextualização histórica da guerra romana dos seus primórdios ao fim do século IV, levando em conta diversas fontes que tratam do tema em questão. De entre essas fontes se destaca o Epitoma rei militaris de Flávio Vegécio (séc. IV d.C.), que foi analisado em sintonia com o contexto político da basileia, termo aplicado ao sistema imperial romano tardio. Não obstante uma visão crítica sobre os breviários e epítomes do Baixo Império, Vegécio não se resumiu a compilar informações acerca da estrutura, organização e disciplina da legião clássica. Em um período conturbado, em que os velhos símbolos pagãos eram resignificados, a cristianização da milícia constituiu um dos derradeiros processos de coesão e renovação do ideal dos soldados romanos, do qual o novo sacramentum fornece importante prova. Palavras-chave: Exército romano – Cristianismo – Basileia – Vegécio – Século IV d.C.Abstract: In this thesis, we discussed how the Roman state dealt with the Christians in their army, and the various ecclesiastical positions on the issue and how the problem was resolved after the conversion of Constantine. Contrary to the thesis formulated by Edward Gibbon in the eighteenth century, it was explained how Christianity actually strengthened the “military spirit” and contributed to the formation of a late military identity. For such an effort was made into a historical context of the Roman war of its beginnings to the end of the fourth century, taking into account various sources dealing with the issue in question. Among these sources highlight is the Flavius Vegetius’ Epitoma rei militaris (fourth century A.D.), which was analyzed in line with the political context of basileia, a term applied to the Late Roman imperial system. Despite a critical view of the breviary and epitomes of the Lower Empirer, Vegetius was not reduced to complein information about the structure, organization and discipline of classical legion. In a troubled period in which the old pagan symbols were resignified, the Christianization of the militia was one of the last processes of cohesion and renewal of the ideal of the Roman soldiers, which the new sacramentum provides important evidence. Keywords: Roma

    The (un)successful EU Environmental Policy

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    The EU asserts itself as a leader when it comes to climate change policy. In this article, we analyze the EU’s environmental action regarding the 7th Environmental Action Programme 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) 2030 set by the UN. We synthesise the successes and failures of the EU’s environmental policy in the fields of emissions reduction, circular economy, biodiversity, energy policy and agricultural policy, with the goal of understanding where the EU is lacking and what, therefore, needs stronger measures to reach international goals and avoid an environmental catastrophe. We conclude that the EU will not reach most environmental targets set for 2020 and in order to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, what changes need to be implemented to ensure stronger environmental measures

    The Post-Apartheid Evolution of Earnings Inequality in South Africa, 1995-2004

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    This paper examines the trend in post-Apartheid earnings inequality in South Africa. By combining data sets, the paper is able to analyze the trend for the whole period 1995-2004. Earnings inequality rose sharply during 1995-1999 and then declined marginally, but remained high, during 2000-2004. A dramatic rise in unemployment was the driving force in exacerbating earnings inequality in the 1990s. Unemployment began to level off in the 2000s but remained at a high rate. An unprecedented influx of new entrants into the formal labour market in the 1990s put downward pressure on average real wages, affecting workers both in the middle of the distribution and toward the bottom. The growth of the South African economy has been neither rapid enough nor employment-intensive enough to absorb such a large influx of workers. Moreover, the economy?s greater openness to trade and financial flows appears to have left many workers behind, especially Africans, workers in low-skilled occupations, residents of rural areas in general and poor regions in particular. Earnings inequality remains high across groupings of workers differentiated by race, education and occupation although occupation has become a more important factor than the other two in the 2000s. Differentials across the mean earnings of workers classified by rural and urban residence and by province have also intensified. In the 1990s, inequalities within groupings of worker rose sharply and then moderated by the 2000s. While earnings differentials by race and the rural-urban divide also exacerbated inequality in the 1990s, they have been in modest decline since then. These changes in the dynamics of earnings inequality between the 1990s and 2000s pose new challenges for South African policymakers in their efforts to substantially reduce the Apartheid legacy of high inequality and poverty.South Africa, Income distribution, Earnings distribution, Inequality

    Os ácidos gordos ómega-3 na prevenção e na terapêutica da dislipidémia aterogénica

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    Monografia realizada no âmbito da unidade de Estágio Curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de CoimbraA aterosclerose é o principal fator de risco de doença cardiovascular (DCV), representando desta forma uma preocupação mundial. A placa aterosclerótica é construída através de uma sucessão de acontecimentos que levam à deposição e acumulação na íntima arterial de elementos lipídicos, entre eles as LDL oxidadas, que são reconhecidas e internalizadas pelos macrófagos neste local, formando aí as células espumosas. Todo este procedimento está intimamente relacionado com um processo inflamatório, onde várias moléculas, tais como as moléculas de adesão, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-I) e macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF), assim como outros fatores de transcrição como o fator nuclear kappa B (NFkB) e o peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor y (PPAR-y) desempenham um papel fundamental. Para além da formação da placa, em situações ateroscleróticas é favorecida a formação de trombos que podem trazer posteriores complicações, tais como enfarte do miocárdio ou acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Os ácidos gordos ómega-3 têmse mostrado úteis no tratamento e prevenção desta patologia, principalmente o ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e o ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA). Tratando-se de ácidos gordos essenciais, é importante uma alimentação adequada para garantir a sua ingestão em quantidades necessárias. A suplementação pode ser aconselhada como forma de contrariar a carência dos mesmos. Vários são os mecanismos de ação do EPA e do DHA na prevenção e no tratamento da aterosclerose, incluindo a redução da deposição lipídica arterial, a diminuição dos teores de citocinas e de células inflamatórias e a modificação na síntese dos eicosanoides. Nesta monografia, faz-se uma revisão geral do estado atual de conhecimento nesta área.Atherosclerosis is the major cardiovascular risk factor, representing a major health problem and a global concern. The atherosclerotic plaque is constructed by a succession of events that lead to the deposition and accumulation of lipid elements in the arterial intima, including the oxidized LDL, which is internalized by macrophages at this site, leading to the formation of foam cells. This entire procedure is closely related to an inflammatory process, in which various molecules such as adhesion molecules, MCP-I, M-CSF, and other transcription factors such as NFkB and PPAR-y play a key role. Besides the plaque formation, the potential occurrence of thrombus is favored in atherosclerotic conditions which can bring further complications, such as myocardial infarction or stroke. The omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be useful in the treatment and prevention of this disease, especially the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Being essential fatty acids, an adequate food supply is important to ensure the intake in required amounts. Supplementation can be recommended as a way to counter a deficit. There are several action mechanisms underlying the benefits of EPA and DHA on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, including reducing blood lipid deposition, decreased levels of cytokines and inflammatory cells and changing the synthesis of eicosanoids. The aim of this monograph was to present a general review of the current state of knowledge in this area

    Development of Flexible Bone Grafts

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    With the aging of world’s population, diseases and bone related problems are becoming more frequent. Bone grafts are normally used in the treatment and repair of bone defects. The aim of this project was to develop a flexible bone graft in order to be adjustable to the patient's problem. The development of this product consisted in combining a natural protein, type I collagen, extracted from bovine tendon, with β-TCP, a calcium phosphate. The composition of this product was 10:90 wt%, respectively. Its production focused in a lyophilization cycle and posteriorly Dehydrothermal crosslinking, using three different treatments: 24, 48 and 72h. The products were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, Archimedes Method, compression tests and TGA-DSC. All the composites manufactured showed a porous structure, revealing values in the range of 84 to 87%.The β-TCP particles were homogeneously distributed and overlapped in the collagen matrix. The crystalline phases of the samples were studied and the presence of β-TCP was identified. Molecular groups were identified as referring to collagen and β-TCP. The observed amide peaks I, II, III, A and B tend to be less pronounced when the crosslinking exposure time increases, while the phosphate groups were observed with clarity. The products exhibited Young's Modulus values ranging from 180 to 200 kPa. These values tend to increase when the exposure time of crosslinking increases. Mass losses were not considered significant for the crosslinked products, varying between 8 and 11%. However it was shown that the Dehydrothermal crosslinking minimizes mass losses when compared to composites without this treatment. It is possible to conclude that a flexible bone graft was successfully developed. For that reason, the collagen / β-TCP composite showed a better handling when compared to calcium phosphates bone grafts

    Plano de acção para a sustentabilidade energética do concelho de Aveiro

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    Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos SustentáveisFace ao actual paradigma energético ser baseado em combustíveis fósseis e cerca de 75% da população europeia viver em cidades, urge a adopção de políticas à escala municipal que revertam a actual tendência insustentável. Nesse sentido a União Europeia criou o Pacto de Autarcas que visa em adoptar um compromisso em que os signatários têm como objectivo diminuir em 20% as suas emissões de CO2 até 2020. Desse modo, o concelho de Aveiro em parceria com a Universidade de Aveiro produziu um Plano de Acção para a Sustentabilidade Energética que se vê reflectido no presente trabalho. Da matriz energética elaborada, tendo em conta o ano de referência de 2005, inventariou-se que o consumo era de 2616GWh e uma emissão de CO2 associada de 712304tCO2. Face estudo compreendido entre 2000 e 2005, projectaram-se os consumos e emissões até 2020 que visam valores na ordem dos 4850GWh e 1069558tCO2. Com base no diagnóstico elaborado propôs-se um conjunto de acções assentes na mobilidade, edifícios, eficiência energética, energias renováveis, governação, sensibilização e formação que visam reduzir em 20% o consumo e as emissões de CO2 em 2020, ou seja, para valores na ordem 3880GWh e 855646tCO2 respectivamente. Conclui-se que o planeamento energético num município é muito importante, indo além da simples protecção ambiental, dado que ao aumentar a eficiência energética do concelho, aumenta também a competitividade económica e, por consequência, torna-se mais atractivo aos investimentos externos, aumentando assim o emprego e o bem-estar social.In order of the current energy paradigm is based on fossil fuels and about 75% of the European population lives in cities, urge the adoption of policies to municipalities to reverse the current unsustainable trend. In this sense the EU has created the Covenant of Mayors which aims to adopt a compromise in which the parties aim to reduce by 20% its CO2 emissions by 2020. Thus, the Municipality of Aveiro in partnership with the University of Aveiro has produced a Sustainable Energy Action Plan that is reflected in this work. From the energy matrix produced, taking into account the reference year of 2005, it was inventoried the energy consumption of 2616GWh and the CO2 emissions of 712304tCO2. Taking in account a study between 2000 and 2005, is projected consumption and emissions by 2020 aimed at values of around 4850GWh and 1069558tCO2. Based on the diagnosis given, it was proposed a set of actions based on mobility, buildings, energy efficiency, renewable energy, governance, sensitizing and training aimed at reducing 20% consumption and CO2 emissions in 2020, for values in order 3880GWh and 855646tCO2 respectively. We conclude that the energy planning in a municipality is very important, going beyond simple environmental protection, since by increasing the energy efficiency of the municipality, also increases the economic competitiveness and, therefore, becomes more attractive to foreign investment, increasing as employment and social welfare

    Avaliação termográfica dos efeitos da aplicação de Kinesio Taping no músculo trapézio superior durante a execução de uma tarefa de mobilização passiva

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    Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de uma aplicação de kinesio taping (KT) na temperatura da pele do músculo trapézio superior, durante a execução de uma tarefa de mobilização passiva fisiológica da articulação coxofemoral para hiperextensão. Metodologia: 15 indivíduos, com média de idades de 25,53±5,45 anos, foram submetidos a avaliação termográfica, antes, depois e 5 minutos após uma tarefa de mobilização passiva. Cada participante foi avaliado em 3 dias consecutivos. Resultados: A tarefa de mobilização passiva provocou alterações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) na temperatura da pele, mas não se registaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas relativamente à aplicação de KT. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos não permitem demonstrar alterações da temperatura da pele decorrentes da aplicação de KT no trapézio superior.Objective: To evaluate the effects of application of kinesio taping (KT) in skin temperature of the upper trapezius muscle during a physiological task of passive mobilization of the hip joint hyperextension. Methods: 15 subjects with a mean age of 25,53 ± 5,45 years, underwent thermographic evaluation, before, after and 5 minutes after a task passive mobilization. Each participant was assessed on 3 consecutive days. Results: The task of passive mobilization resulted in statistically significant changes (p<0,05) in skin temperature but there were no statistically significant changes caused by application of KT. Conclusion: The results do not prove changes in skin temperature resulting from the application of KT in the upper trapezius

    Relatório de estágio em farmácia hospitalar

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    Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr
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