Determination of the Effect of the Environment on the Genetic Polymorphism In the Genus of Tamarix Using the Molecular Marker ( Simple Sequence Repeats "PCR-SSR" (In Arid Areas of the Khenchela Region (Eastern of Algeria)

Tamarix is used for a long time as a treatment plant in traditional and modern medicine because of its healing powers. In addition to these medicinal characteristics Tamarix has a great adaptation to the extreme environmental conditions, especially in arid and semi arid regions, where it represents a promising source for rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems and fight against desertification. However, to date, only limited information about its genetic structure. To attempt to characterize the genetic diversity of the species of this genus is therefore very useful for their classification, their conservation and improvement. In this context, we started in the assessment of the level of genetic diversity characterizing Tamarix pushing currently in Algeria and in which they are originate. we used the PCR-SSR of 23 genotypes selected from three very different sites (en perspective of climate, edaphic and orographic conditions), through the arid regions of Khenchela in eastern of Algeria. The results are obtained by the highlighted amplification of 14 primers specific for Tamarix. Analysis of the results using the software TreeCon for Windows, at a threshold of dissimilarity of 50% we have obtained nine distinct groups, in general, the results showed a high level of genetic divergence within and between species among genotypes, with relevant remarks in four accessions, (II 2, II 10, III 3 and III 9), of the nint

Insight on the fundamentals of advanced oxidation processes. Role and review of the determination methods of reactive oxygen species

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have known increased application to treat wastewaters containing recalcitrant compounds that are hardly degraded by conventional technologies. AOPs are characterized by the formation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anions, hydroperoxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, which react with the contaminant, contributing to its degradation. This paper provides an overview of the determination methods of reactive oxygen species, ROS, in the application of AOPs; the methods developed in the available literature for the detection and quantification of ROS are reviewed as a first step in the assessment and detailed description of the mechanisms involved in the oxidation reactions, focusing on the critical analysis of the main strengths and weaknesses presented by the probe molecules employed in the evaluated studies.This research was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/SPAIN) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under the project CTQ2011-25262

Identification, phylogénie et caractérisation du profil des mycotoxines des espèces pathogènes Fusarium et Alternaria associées aux syndromes de déclin soudain et aux symptômes de flétrissement et de tâches foliaires du palmier dattier en Tunisie

In heel Noord-Afrika wordt op grote schaal dadelpalmen gekweekt. In Tunesië neemt de dadelpalm een strategische plaats in de sociaal-economische stabiliteit van semi-aride en aride gebieden. Ver-scheidene biotische en abiotische factoren kunnen de dadelpalmteelt in gevaar brengen. In 2017 observeerden we uitgebreide symptomen van plotselinge achteruitgang, bladverwelking en bladvlek-ken op dadelpalmen in zuidelijk Tunesië. Fusarium was het meest waargenomen schimmel geslacht. De sequenties van TEF1, Calm1 en RPB2 werden gebruikt om de Fusarium stammen te identifice-ren. De voornaamste gedetecteerde soort was F. proliferatum, en in veel mindere mate F. brachygib-bosum, F. caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incarnatum, en F. solani. Alle Fusarium soorten waren patho-geen en voldeden aan Koch's postulaten. De F. proliferatum stammen produceerden vooral fumo-nisinen (FB's), beauvericine (BEA), en, in mindere mate, enniatinen (ENN's) en moniliformine (MON). Alle F. brachygibbosum stammen produceerden lage gehalten BEA, diacetoxyscirpenol, en neosolaniol; twee stammen produceerden ook T-2 toxine, en een enkele stam HT-2 toxine. Fusarium caatingaense, F. clavum en F. incarnatum produceerden alleen BEA. De F. solani stammen produceerden MON, BEA, en ENNs. Voor het derde syndroom, bladvlekken, worden Alternaria soorten worden echter gerapporteerd als de meest frequente ziekteverwekkers. Vijftig stammen werden geïsoleerd en geïdentificeerd als Alternaria en Curvularia. Door sequentie-bepaling van de allergen-alt-1a, GPD en calm1 genen konden we 35 stammen, geïdentificeerd als A. arborescens, A. tenuissima en A.alternata soorten, en 10 stammen, geïdentificeerd als A. consortialis. Op basis van de analyse van de seqentie van de gecombineerde Internal Transcribed Spacer, GPD en Elongation factor, werden alle 5 Curvularia stammen geïdentificeerd als C. spicifera. Alle Alternaria en Curvularia soorten die op dadelpalm plantjes getest werden, bleken pathogeen te zijn, en voldeden aan Koch's postulaten. Het vermogen om in vitro mycotoxinen te produceren werd geanalyseerd. Geen van de A. consortialis stammen produceerde enig mycotoxine, terwijl meer dan 80% van de stammen uit de Alternaria sectie zeer wisselende hoeveelheden van meerdere mycotoxi-nen produceerde, zoals AOH, AME, TEN en TA. Bovendien produceerde 40% van de stammen van de Alternaria sectie ook ALT. We testten ook de productie van FB's. Enkel de C. spicifera stammen vertoonden het vermogen fumonisinen te produceren. Dit werk rapporteert voor het eerst een uitgebreide multidisciplinaire studie van schimmel pathogene soorten die in verband gebracht worden met sudden decline disease, bladverwelking en bladvlekken op dadelpalmen, waarbij zowel fytopathologische als voedselveiligheids kwesties aan de orde komen. De gevoeligheid van de isolaten voor zeven fungiciden werd geëvalueerd zowel in in vitro proeven als in het veld. In vitro bleken de contactfungiciden uitstekend te werken. Van de doordringende fungiciden vertoonde Luna Experience een hogere werkzaamheid tegen Fusarium soorten om de myceliumgroei te remmen. Ook vertoonde het een vergelijkbaar effect tegen Alternaria en Curvula-ria soorten. Wat contactfungiciden betreft, werd de beste remming gerapporteerd voor Biobac WP. En het derde fungicide dat een uitstekende werking tegen Alternaria vertoonde was Carial Top. Een veldproef met deze drie beste fungiciden tegen dadelpalm bladziekte veroorzaakt door A. arbores-cens, bevestigde hun werkzaamheidDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), is widely cultivated across North Africa. In Tunisia, with about 300 thousand tons of fruits produced per year, date palm occupies a strategic place in the socio-economic stability of semiarid and arid regions. Several biotic and abiotic factors can compromise date palm cultivation. In 2017–2018, extensive symptoms of sudden decline, leaf wilt symptoms were and leaf spots observed on date palms in southern Tunisia. Based on morphological identification, Fusarium was the most frequent fungal genus detected. A sequencing of translation elongation factor, calmodulin, and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II genes was used to identify 63 representative Fusarium strains at species level and investigate their phylogenetic relationships. The main species detected was F. proliferatum, and at a much lesser extent, F. brachygibbosum, F. caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incarnatum, and F. solani. Pathogenicity on the ‘Deglet nour’ variety plantlets and the capability to produce mycotoxins were also assessed. All Fusarium species were pathogenic complying Koch’s pos-tulates. F. proliferatum strains produced mainly fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON). All F. brachygibbosum strains pro-duced low levels of BEA, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol; two strains produced also T-2 toxin, and a single strain produced HT-2 toxin. Fusarium caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incar-natum produced only BEA. F. solani strains produced MON, BEA, and ENNs

Ciblage de l'intégration du virus HTLV-1 (human T-lymphototropic virus 1)

L'intégration est une des étapes clé du cycle viral des rétrovirus. Dans le cas d'HTLV-1, cette étape est le pré-requis à la réplication du virus, qui se poursuit par une expansion clonale associée à un degré important d'instabilité génétique, propice à la transformation maligne. Ainsi l'intégration permet la persistance de l'infection. des Inhibiteurs développés contre l'intégrase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine, bloquent également l'intégration d'HTLV-1, in vitro et ex vivo limitant l'infection et la prolifération des cellules infectées. Afin de mieux de connaître les cibles in vivo du virus, l'analyse des sites d'intégration issus de patients naturellement infectés démontre que le virus s'intègre de manière aléatoire, le choix de la cible étant tout d'abord guidé par l'accessibilité de l'ADN de la celluleLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Inhibitors of Strand Transfer That Prevent Integration and Inhibit Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Early Replication▿

The replication of the retrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to the development of lymphoid malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Data from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies have revealed that no specific treatment can prevent or block HTLV-1 replication and therefore that there is no therapy for the prevention and/or treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases in infected individuals. HTLV-1 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrases, the enzymes that specifically catalyze the integration of these retroviruses in host cell DNA, share important structural properties, suggesting that compounds that inhibit HIV-1 integration could also inhibit HTLV-1 integration. We developed quantitative assays to test, in vitro and ex vivo, the efficiencies of styrylquinolines and diketo acids, the two main classes of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. The compounds were tested in vitro in an HTLV-1 strand-transfer reaction and ex vivo by infection of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes with lethally irradiated HTLV-1-positive cells. In vitro, four styrylquinoline compounds and two diketo acid compounds significantly inhibited HTLV-1 integration in a dose-dependent manner. All compounds active in vitro decreased cell proliferation ex vivo, although at low concentrations; they also dramatically decreased both normalized proviral loads and the number of integration events during experimental ex vivo primary infection. Accordingly, diketo acids and styrylquinolines are the first drugs that produce a specific negative effect on HTLV-1 replication in vitro and ex vivo, suggesting their potential efficiency for the prevention and treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases

Observer-based Fault Diagnosis for Time-Delay LPV Descriptor Systems

International audienc

Phylogeny and mycotoxin profile of pathogenic Fusarium species isolated from sudden decline syndrome and leaf wilt symptoms on date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Tunisia

In 2017-2018, extensive symptoms of sudden decline and fruit rot were observed on date palms in southern Tunisia. Samples of diseased plants were randomly collected in six localities. Based on morphological identification, Fusarium was the most frequent fungal genus detected. A sequencing of translation elongation factor, calmodulin, and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II genes was used to identify 63 representative Fusarium strains at species level and investigate their phylogenetic relationships. The main species detected was Fusarium proliferatum, and at a much lesser extent, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium caatingaense, Fusarium clavum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium solani. Pathogenicity on the Deglet Nour variety plantlets and the capability to produce mycotoxins were also assessed. All Fusarium species were pathogenic complying Koch's postulates. Fusarium proliferatum strains produced mainly fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON). All F. brachygibbosum strains produced low levels of BEA, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol; two strains produced also T-2 toxin, and a single strain produced HT-2 toxin. Fusarium caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incarnatum produced only BEA. Fusarium solani strains produced MON, BEA, and ENNs. This work reports for the first time a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of Fusarium species on date palms, concerning both phytopathological and food safety issues