Da luta de classes ao jornalismo neoliberal: imprensa e poder na década de 1980

Os discursos acima indicam o sentido controverso e polêmico das mudanças ocorridas no jornalismo brasileiro na década de 1980. Em ambos os discursos, as avaliações do significado desse período para o jornalismo remetem, num caso, de forma explícita e, no outro, implicitamente, a um momento inaugural anterior: a fundação do jornalismo “moderno” no Brasil nos anos 1950

Jornalistas, pra quê? militância sindical e o drama da identidade profissional

The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the Brazilian journalists process of becoming professionals in the 80s. During this period, the journalists negotiated among themselves and with other agents, in a conflicted and dramatic way, the outlines of their identities as professionals. We decided to adopt this chronological reference due to the fact that the body of journalists had during this period an intense participation in the journalistic field centered in two ways of acting: some worked as an intense of forum for journalists debates in relation to their identities, and others had a fundamental role in defining the professional frontiers of these agents, behaving in an incisive way to form journalists as a body and as a class. This pattern of behavior enabled us to map the discursives matrixes which journalists used to define, in a tense and ambiguous way, their role in society. In order to organize methodically this field s force, we structured the debate focusing on three ideal kinds of journalists: the intellectual, the worker and the professional who are of the studied period, related to the reformers of the past, the companies and the union, respectively. We will identify the meaning of the journalist s job after the 80s using this typographical conflictFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroO objetivo central dessa tese é investigar como se configurou a identidade profissional dos jornalistas brasileiros nos anos 1980. A década foi um período marcado pela redemocratização da vida política brasileira e por intenso ativismo sindical. No caso específico de jornalistas, as instituições de classe atuaram dentro de uma dupla perspectiva. De um lado foram, funcionaram com um fórum de articulação e debates entre jornalistas sobre questões relativas às definições das fronteiras de sua comunidade profissional; de outro, foram como instituições ativas e fundamentais na luta em torno da redefinição da identidade profissional desses agentes. Esse processo não foi tranqüilo, pois os sindicatos tiveram de lidar com formas de tradicionais já consolidadas de representar o trabalho jornalístico. Havia uma teia complexa de posicionamentos existentes na comunidade, o que exacerbou um conflito entre os jornalistas na luta para definir quais os valores que deveriam reger suas práticas profissionais. Para entender os significados que a profissão de jornalista adquiriu, organizamos metodologicamente esse conflito em torno de três tipos ideais de jornalista: o intelectual , o trabalhador e o profissional . É em torno desses tipos que vamos identificar o modelo de jornalista profissional que emergiu no cenário jornalístico após 198

O PCB e a modernização midiática: propostas para a análise das relações entre comunistas e a televisão nos anos 1970

This article aims to discuss the participation of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), through its militants in a specific context of modernization media - the changing profile of the Brazilian television in the 1970s – that coincided with the “institutionalization” of Communists in government bodies and media organizations. We will analyze the relationship between professional artists and intellectuals with the Communist television, to not only ask whether this process was “infiltration” or if there was “co-option” but to highlight how they were ambiguous and mutually constitutive articulations such existing political practices, ie showing the dialectic between them.Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a participação do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), por meio de seus militantes, numa específica conjuntura de modernização midiática – a mudança de perfil da televisão brasileira na década de 1970 –, fato que coincidiu com a “institucionalização” de comunistas em órgãos estatais e nas organizações midiáticas. Analisaremos as relações profissionais entre intelectuais e artistas comunistas e a televisão, a fim de indagar até que ponto esse processo pode ser compreendido em torno da dicotomia “infiltração” ou “cooptação”, destacando como foram ambíguas e mutuamente constitutivas as articulações existentes entre tais práticas políticas, ou seja, mostrando a dialética entre elas. Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar la participación del Partido Comunista Brasileño (PCB), a través de sus militantes en un contexto específico de modernización de los medios de comunicación - el perfil cambiante de la televisión brasileña en la década de 1970 - que coincidió la “institucionalización” los comunistas en los órganos de gobierno y medios de comunicación. Vamos a analizar la relación entre artistas profesionales y los intelectuales con la televisión comunista, no sólo para preguntar si este proceso fue la “infiltración” o si hubo “cooptación”, pero para destacar la forma en que eran ambiguas y mutuamente constitutiva articulaciones tales prácticas políticas existentes, es decir, que muestra la dialéctica entre ellos

O PCB e a modernização midiática: propostas para a análise das relações entre comunistas e a televisão nos anos 1970

This article aims to discuss the participation of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), through its militants in a specific context of modernization media - the changing profile of the Brazilian television in the 1970s – that coincided with the “institutionalization” of Communists in government bodies and media organizations. We will analyze the relationship between professional artists and intellectuals with the Communist television, to not only ask whether this process was “infiltration” or if there was “co-option” but to highlight how they were ambiguous and mutually constitutive articulations such existing political practices, ie showing the dialectic between them.Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar la participación del Partido Comunista Brasileño (PCB), a través de sus militantes en un contexto específico de modernización de los medios de comunicación - el perfil cambiante de la televisión brasileña en la década de 1970 - que coincidió la “institucionalización” los comunistas en los órganos de gobierno y medios de comunicación. Vamos a analizar la relación entre artistas profesionales y los intelectuales con la televisión comunista, no sólo para preguntar si este proceso fue la “infiltración” o si hubo “cooptación”, pero para destacar la forma en que eran ambiguas y mutuamente constitutiva articulaciones tales prácticas políticas existentes, es decir, que muestra la dialéctica entre ellos.Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a participação do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), por meio de seus militantes, numa específica conjuntura de modernização midiática – a mudança de perfil da televisão brasileira na década de 1970 –, fato que coincidiu com a “institucionalização” de comunistas em órgãos estatais e nas organizações midiáticas. Analisaremos as relações profissionais entre intelectuais e artistas comunistas e a televisão, a fim de indagar até que ponto esse processo pode ser compreendido em torno da dicotomia “infiltração” ou “cooptação”, destacando como foram ambíguas e mutuamente constitutivas as articulações existentes entre tais práticas políticas, ou seja, mostrando a dialética entre elas.

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease