Bruno Blanckeman s’entretient avec Jean Rouaud

Bruno Blanckeman Vous êtes, Jean Rouaud, un écrivain passionné de chanson et de musique, au point de leur dédier le titre d’un de vos récits, Une façon de chanter (2012). On y retrouve l’une des caractéristiques de votre écriture, les emboîtements et les enchâssements, une façon de déplier plusieurs récits en un seul et même roman. La chanson relève de cette façon : elle s’intègre dans un rapport singulier que vous entretenez avec la musique depuis votre adolescence, donc dans un récit d’init..

Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Affects Theory of Mind Network: A PET Study in Parkinson's Disease

Background: There appears to be an overlap between the limbic system, which is modulated by subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the brain network that mediates theory of mind (ToM). Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of STN DBS on ToM of PD patients and to correlate ToM modifications with changes in glucose metabolism. Methodology/Principal Findings: To this end, we conducted 18 FDG-PET scans in 13 PD patients in pre- and post-STN DBS conditions and correlated changes in their glucose metabolism with modified performances on the Eyes test, a visual ToM task requiring them to describe thoughts or feelings conveyed by photographs of the eye region. Postoperative PD performances on this emotion recognition task were significantly worse than either preoperative PD performances or those of healthy controls (HC), whereas there was no significant difference between preoperative PD and HC. Conversely, PD patients in the postoperative condition performed within the normal range on the gender attribution task included in the Eyes test. As far as the metabolic results are concerned, there were correlations between decreased cerebral glucos

Parkinson's disease and iatrogenic impulsive-compulsive behaviors: A case/non-case study to build a complete model of individual vulnerability

Background and aims: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. First-line medications consist of drugs that act by counteracting dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, iatrogenic impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) can occur in up to 20% of PD patients over the course of their illness. ICBs must be considered multifactorial disorders that reflect the interactions of the medication with an individual’s vulnerability and the underlying neurobiology of PD. We aimed to explore the predictive genetic, psychopathological and neurological factors involved in the development of ICBs in PD patients by building a complete model of individual vulnerability. Methods: The PARKADD study was a case/non-case study. A total of 225 patients were enrolled (“ICB” group, N 5 75; “no ICB” group, N 5 150), and 163 agreed to provide saliva samples for genetic analysis. Sociodemographic, neurological and psychiatric characteristics were assessed, and genotyping for the characterization of polymorphisms related to dopaminergic and opioid systems was performed. Results: Factors associated with “ICBs” were younger age of PD onset, personal history of ICB prior to PD onset and higher scores on the urgency and sensation seeking facets of impulsivity. No gene variant was significantly associated, but the association with the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) rs1799971 polymorphism was close to significance. Discussion and conclusions: The influence of gene-environment interactions probably exists, and additional studies are needed to decipher the possible role of the opioid system in the development of ICBs in PD patients

Biomarker counseling, disclosure of diagnosis and follow-up in patients with mild cognitive impairment:A European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium survey

Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with an increased risk of further cognitive decline, partly depending on demographics and biomarker status. The aim of the present study was to survey the clinical practices of physicians in terms of biomarker counseling, management, and follow-up in European expert centers diagnosing patients with MCI. Methods: An online email survey was distributed to physicians affiliated with European Alzheimer's disease Consortium centers (Northern Europe: 10 centers; Eastern and Central Europe: 9 centers; and Southern Europe: 15 centers) with questions on attitudes toward biomarkers and biomarker counseling in MCI and dementia. This included postbiomarker counseling and the process of diagnostic disclosure of MCI, as well as treatment and follow-up in MCI. Results: The response rate for the survey was 80.9% (34 of 42 centers) across 20 countries. A large majority of physicians had access to biomarkers and found them useful. Pre- and postbiomarker counseling varied across centers, as did practices for referral to support groups and advice on preventive strategies. Less than half reported discussing driving and advance care planning with patients with MCI. Conclusions: The variability in clinical practices across centers calls for better biomarker counseling and better training to improve communication skills. Future initiatives should address the importance of communicating preventive strategies and advance planning

Alzheimers Dement

Introduction: The free and cued selective reminding test is used to identify memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment and demented patients. It allows assessing three processes: encoding, storage, and recollection of verbal episodic memory. Methods: We investigated the neural correlates of these three memory processes in a large cohort study. The Memento cohort enrolled 2323 outpatients presenting either with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment who underwent cognitive, structural MRI and, for a subset, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography evaluations. Results: Encoding was associated with a network including parietal and temporal cortices; storage was mainly associated with entorhinal and parahippocampal regions, bilaterally; retrieval was associated with a widespread network encompassing frontal regions. Discussion: The neural correlates of episodic memory processes can be assessed in large and standardized cohorts of patients at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Their relation to pathophysiological markers of Alzheimer's disease remains to be studied

In Memory of Ernst Wiechert

La poésie est ce que jadis on appelait la grâce, et ceque les romantiques appelaient l’expression du génie,elle est aujourd’hui, depuis que nous rejetons avecmépris l’inspiration, ce que nous n’osons plus appeler,mais que nous ressentons comme un impérieux besoinde chanter. First of all, I would like to make use of this gathering to confess my debt of gratitude toward a German writer. He is not one of the big literary names of this country, his work has practically fallen into oblivion. When ..

Le dernier cavalier

Sous couvert d'inventorier l'univers poétique du prix Nobel français de littérature, on devinait un soupçon d'agacement dans la remarque du journaliste. Qu'un écrivain de cette importance puisse reprendre ainsi pour la troisième fois la même histoire, ne serait-ce pas la preuve d'un manque d'imagination, voire la démonstration que le nouveau roman a si peu à dire qu'il se condamne au ressassement ? Et après, que comptait-il faire ? Il n'allait pas remettre ça, tout de même ? On connaît la rép..

Synthèse d'hétérocycles oxygénés (y-lactols, y-buténolides) par voie radicalaire : étude de la stéréoselectivité de la réaction et applications

La préparation de y-lactols et méthylène-y-lactols a été réalisée via un processus monotope, alternative efficace à la réaction de Ueno-Stork, qui implique la cyclisation radicalaire d’acétal aluminiques alpha-halogéné à basse température. La réaction d’oxydation in situ des espèces aluminiques obtenues après cyclisation de type 5-exo-dig permet de conduire à des buténolides énantio-enrichis polysubstitués dans des conditions très douces. Cette approche a été comparée avec des conditions de cyclisation classiques d’esters alphahalogénés à plus haute température. Des expériences de marquage au deutérium ont permis de mettre en évidence le transfert 1-5 d’atome d’hydrogène (1,5- HAT) qui se produisent à haute température et les conséquences de celle-ci dans l’épimérisation de centres stéréogènes. Une étude mécanistique combinant des analyses RMN 13C-Inept DOSY à basse température et des calculs DFT nous a permis de proposer une structure pour les espèces aluminiques impliquées et de réaliser une étude de la diastéréosélectivité des réactions de cyclisation 5-exo-trig et 5-exo-dig. Cette étude in silico nous ont permis d’envisager un contrôle du centre C3 lors de la cyclisation grâce à un transfert de chiralité du centre acétalique, formé de façon stéréosélective par réduction d’esters alpha-halogénés énantiomériquement enrichis. Ces prédictions ont été validées à travers la synthèse de diols 1-4 et dans l’élaboration de motifs tétrahydrofuranes tétrasubstitués optiquement enrichis.The preparation of y-lactols and methylene-y-lactols was achieved via a one-pot procedure, which represents a useful alternative to the classical Ueno-Stork reaction and involves the radical cyclisation of alphahaloaluminium acetals at low temperature. The oxidation in situ of the cyclic aluminium acetal species resulting from a 5-exo-dig process led to enantioenriched butenolides under mild reaction conditions. This approach compared favorably with the classical reaction conditions for the cyclisation of alphabromoesters at high temperature. Deuterium-labelling experiments allowed us to highlight 1,5-hydrogen atom transfers that occur at thigh temperature and are responsible for epimerization reactions. A mechanistic study combining 13C-Inept DOSY NMR analyses at low temperature and DFT calculations allowed us to propose a structure for the aluminium acetal species involved and to conduct a systematic study of the diastereoselectivity of the 5-exo-trig and 5- exo-dig radical cyclisation. Thanks to this study in silico, the control of stereocentre at C3 could be envisaged via a chirality transfer from the aluminium acetal centre, obtained in a diastereoselective reduction of enantioenriched bromoesters. This prediction proved to be correct and was illustrated through the stereoselective synthesis of diols 1-4 and tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofurans

Intérêt de la lidocaïne intraveineuse dans les douleurs neuropathiques périphériques (étude prospective randomisée)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF