The entrepreneurial ecosystem of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico: Its technology-based and fast-growing startups and entrepreneurial-employees

The purpose of this article is analyse the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Guadalajara Jalisco, México (EEZMG) through its technology-based, fast growing startups and ‘entrepreneurial-employees’, their growth dynamics and interactions as well as  to explore the factors that impact their growth, and discover the policies or programs that have the greatest effect on their development. Therefore,  using as analytical framework the ‘Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Model’ proposed by Stam (2015) this research applied a mixed research method through in depth  and semi structured interviews to entrepreneurs,  key informants, and  influencers. The study has confirmed the hypothesis of ‘entrepreneurial-employees’ and its ambition about job creation that previous research has predicted. Moreover, the study shows that both the ‘institutional framework’ and the ‘systemic conditions’  have created a ‘productive entrepreneurship’ promoting  ‘value creation’ and furthermore, the entrepreneurs have capacities to develop, globalize and strengthen the ecosystem. After the conclusions, the study  provides some implications for policy design and  cumulative development of entrepreneurial ecosystems.  El propósito de este artículo es investigar sobre las startups de base tecnología y de rápido crecimiento y los ‘empleados-emprendedores’, su dinámica de crecimiento e interacciones, así como explorar los factores que impactan su crecimiento y descubrir las políticas o programas que tienen el mayor impacto sobre su desarrollo. La investigación se realizó utilizando como marco analítico el ‘Modelo de Ecosistema Emprendedor’ propuesto por Stam (2015). El análisis se basa en la información proporcionada por 26 emprendedores, 17 informantes clave y 8 ‘influencers’. El estudio encontró que los emprendedores tienen capacidades para desarrollar, dinamizar, globalizar y fortalecer el ecosistema, pero además, ha confirmado la hipótesis de Empleados-Emprendedores y su aspiración y tendencia a crear una mayor cantidad de  empleos que han previsto  investigaciones previas. Además, el estudio muestra que tanto el Marco Institucional como las Condiciones Sistémicas han generado un ‘emprendimiento productivo’ que ha promovido la ‘creación de valor’ en el Ecosistema Emprendedor de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México (EEZMG)

Dinámica familiar en madres e hijos adolescentes de una comunidad rural transnacional. Comparación entre hogares con y sin padre migrante

Background: Migration implies the displacement of people from one place to another, bringing as a consequence frequent experiences of family separation, which violates its members since the distance hinders the instrumental and affective support that may exist between the members. The long and intense interaction between the communities of origin and those of destination associated with migration has turned multiple locations in Mexico into transnational spaces. Objective: Analyze the perception that mothers and their adolescent sons/daughters have about family dynamics when the father is absent. Method: Two groups were compared: families with and without migration experience in a transnational rural community in Michoacán, Mexico. A quantitative method was used, working with a sample of 96 participants (48 mother-child adolescent pairing). The Intrafamily Relationship Assessment Scale, the Parental Practices Scale, and the Marital Satisfaction Scale were applied. Results: It was found that mothers and their adolescent sons/daughters perceive less union and support in the family when the father is a migrant. The group with the father at home had higher scores in family expression, from both perspective, of the mothers and from that of their adolescent children. Finally, it was observed that the marital satisfaction of mothers influences parenting practices. Conclusion: These results may be a risk or protective factors for the physical and mental health of the different members of the family, and it should be considered in future public policies for this population.Introducción: La migración implica el desplazamiento de personas de un lugar a otro, trayendo como consecuencia frecuentes experiencias de separación familiar, lo que vulnera a sus miembros ya que la distancia dificulta el apoyo instrumental y afectivo que puede haber entre los integrantes. La larga e intensa interacción entre las comunidades de origen y las de destino, asociada con la migración, ha convertido a múltiples localidades de México en espacios trasnacionales. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción que tienen las madres y sus hijos/hijas adolescentes sobre la dinámica familiar cuando el padre está ausente. Método: Se compararon dos grupos: familias con y sin experiencia migratoria en una comunidad rural transnacional de Michoacán, México. Se utilizó un método cuantitativo, trabajando con una muestra de 96 participantes (48 binomios madre-hijo/a adolescente). Se aplicaron la Escala de Evaluación de las Relaciones Intrafamiliares, La Escala de prácticas parentales y la Escala de Satisfacción Marital. Resultados: Se encontró que las madres y sus hijos/hijas adolescentes perciben menor unión y apoyo en la familia cuando el padre es migrante. El grupo con el padre en casa tuvo puntajes más altos en expresión familiar, tanto desde la perspectiva de las madres como desde la de sus hijos/as adolescentes. Por último, se observó que la satisfacciónmarital de las madres influye sobre las prácticas parentales. Conclusión: Estos resultados pueden ser factores de riesgo o de protección para la salud física y mental de los diferentesintegrantes de la familia, y deberán considerarse en futuras políticas públicas para esta población

Bioética. El final de la vida y las voluntades anticipadas

Esta obra contiene textos elaborados por investigadores de diferentes áreas del conocimiento: medicina, filosofía, derecho, entre otras especialidades, pertenecientes a distintos países: España, Chile y México. El objetivo principal de este libro es servir de referente teórico a otros investigadores de bioética, y especialmente a los que son o desean estar especializados en la comprensión del final de la vida y las voluntades anticipadas en el ámbito sanitario en cualquier país del mundo

Avances en Ingeniería y su Aporte a la Sostenibilidad

El Desarrollo Sostenible hace referencia al bienestar social, la conservación del medio ambiente además de un crecimiento económico acorde a la biocapacidad del ecosistema, promoviendo un modelo de desarrollo que logre la satisfacción de las necesidades de índole social, económico, de diversidad cultural y de un medio ambiente sano, con el fin de contribuir en las condiciones de vida de la población presente sin comprometer el entorno natural de las generaciones futura. En este orden de ideas, es necesario establecer, que los problemas ambientales son inherentes a los procesos de desarrollo modificando los procesos socioeconómicos y dinámicas propias de cada región; generando como elemento esencial para la sostenibilidad alcanzar una interacción entre la satisfacción de las necesidades y aspiraciones humanas, actuales y futuras, con el mantenimiento del equilibrio de los sistemas biofísicos y los sistemas sociales.Sustainable Development refers to social welfare, environmental conservation as well as economic growth in accordance with the biocapacity of the ecosystem, promoting a development model that satisfies the needs of a social, economic, cultural diversity and a healthy environment, in order to contribute to the living conditions of the present population without compromising the natural environment of future generations. In this order of ideas, it is necessary to establish that environmental problems are inherent to development processes, modifying the socioeconomic processes and dynamics of each region; Generating as an essential element for sustainability to achieve an interaction between the satisfaction of current and future human needs and aspirations, with the maintenance of the balance of biophysical systems and social systems

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions