17 research outputs found
Minor parties and independents in times of change: Scottish local elections 1974 to 2007
This article explores the electoral performance of minor party and Independent candidates in Scottish local elections from 1974 to 2007. This is a period which began with a major restructuring of local government and ended with a change in the electoral system from first-past-the-post to the single transferable vote. It encompasses a second restructuring in the 1990s, the consolidation of the Scottish National Party as an electoral force, and the creation of the Scottish Parliament. Throughout the period, while there have been ebbs and flows, Independents and minor parties have remained significant players in local electoral politics in Scotland
Is soft breaking of BRST symmetry consistent?
A definition of soft breaking of BRST symmetry in the field-antifield
formalism is proposed, valid for general gauge theories and arbitrary gauge
fixing. The Ward identities for the generating functionals of Green's functions
are derived, and their gauge dependence is investigated. We discuss the
Gribov-Zwanziger action for the one-parameter family of R_xi gauges. It is
argued that gauge theories with a soft breaking of BRST symmetry are
inconsistent.Comment: 1+16 pages; v2: example of section 5 changed to R_xi gauges; v3:
small corrections to section 5, one reference added, published versio
Non-perturbative treatment of the linear covariant gauges by taking into account the Gribov copies
The one loop MSbar static potential in the Gribov-Zwanziger Lagrangian
We compute the static potential in the Gribov-Zwanziger Lagrangian as a
function of the Gribov mass, gamma, in the MSbar scheme in the Landau gauge at
one loop. The usual gauge independent one loop perturbative static potential is
recovered in the limit as gamma -> 0. By contrast the Gribov-Zwanziger static
potential contains the term gamma^2/(p^2)^2. However, the linearly rising
potential in coordinate space as a function of the radial variable r does not
emerge due to a compensating behaviour as r -> infty. Though in the short
distance limit a dipole behaviour is present. We also demonstrate enhancement
in the propagator of the bosonic localizing Zwanziger ghost field when the one
loop Gribov gap equation is satisfied. The explicit form of the one loop gap
equation for the Gribov mass parameter is also computed in the MOM scheme and
the zero momentum value of the renormalization group invariant effective
coupling constant is shown to be the same value as that in the MSbar scheme.Comment: 54 latex pages, 6 figures, flaw in original Feynman rules corrected
with updated two loop gap equation; new details added on derivation of
propagators and their one loop corrections as well as bosonic ghost
enhancemen