15 research outputs found
Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-alpha Glucosidase Activities of Coral Mushroom Ramaria spp.
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ  āđāļŦāđāļāļāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļāļļāļĨ Ramaria āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 10 āļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļ āļāļąāļāļāļģāđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĄāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļēāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāđāļāđ 9 āļŠāļāļĩāļāļĩāļŠāđ āļāļąāļāļāļĩāđ Ramaria aff. vinosimaculans (PKWS15-74 āđāļĨāļ° PKWS15-109), R. flava var. aurea (PKWS15-173), Ramaria sp.1 (PKWS15-92), Ramaria sp.2 (PKWS15-95), Ramaria sp.3 (PKWS15-164), Ramaria sp.4 (PKWS15-181), Ramaria sp.5 (PKWS15-194), Ramaria sp.6 (PKWS15-221) āđāļĨāļ° Ramaria sp.7 (PKWS14-02) āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļāļģāļĄāļēāļŠāļāļąāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļļāļāļŠāļĄāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļāļāļĩāļ§āļ āļēāļāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāđāļŦāđāļāļāļļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļĩāđāļāļĒāđāļāļāļēāļ° PKWS15-164 āļāļķāđāļāļĄāļĩāļāđāļēāđāļāļĨāđāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļ positive control āļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļĒāļąāļāļāļĢāļ§āļāļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļēāđāļ§āļāļāļĒāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļĩāļāļāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļđāļ āđāļāđāļ PKWS15-164 (3,909.52Âą58.56 g QE/g extract) āđāļĨāļ° PKWS15-194 (3,765.88Âą33.75 g QE/g extract) āļāļķāđāļāļŠāļāļāļāļĨāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļēāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļēāđāļ§āļāļāļĒāđāđāļāđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļĩ āļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļąāļāļĒāļąāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāđāļŦāļāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļĒāļąāļāļĒāļąāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļāļāļ Staphylococcus aureus āđāļāđāļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļāļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļĄāļēāļāļ·āļ Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis āđāļĨāļ° Pseudomonas aeruginosa āļāļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļāļąāļ āļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļĒāļąāļāļāļāļ§āđāļēāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāđāļŦāđāļ PKWS15-181 (IC50 = 0.216 Âą0.026 mg/mL) āđāļĨāļ° PKWS15-194 (IC50 = 12.908 Âą0.110 mg/mL) āļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļąāļāļĒāļąāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļēāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĄāđ alpha-glucosidase āđāļāđāļāļĩāđāļĄāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļāļĒāļē acarbose (IC50 = 33.782 Âą0.523 mg/mL) āļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđāļĢāļāđāļāļēāļŦāļ§āļēāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļāļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļŠāļāļīāļāļīāļāļĩāļāļāđāļ§āļĒ āļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āđāļēāđāļŦāđāļāļāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļąāļ Ramaria āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļŦāļĨāđāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāđāļģāļāļēāļĨāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļ āļēāļāđāļŦāļĨāđāļāđāļŦāļĄāđāđāļāđāđāļāļāļāļēāļāļ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āđāļŦāđāļāļāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļąāļ āļāļĨāļēāđāļ§āļāļāļĒāļāđ āļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļļāļĨāļīāļāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāđ āđāļāļēāļŦāļ§āļēāļ ABSTRACT  Ten collections of coral mushroom genus Ramaria were identified to 9 species based on the morphological characteristics i.e. Ramaria aff. vinosimaculans (PKWS15-74 āđāļĨāļ° PKWS15-109), R. flava var. aurea (PKWS15-173), Ramaria sp.1 (PKWS15-92), Ramaria sp.2 (PKWS15-95), Ramaria sp.3 (PKWS15-164), Ramaria sp.4 (PKWS15-181), Ramaria sp.5 (PKWS15-194), Ramaria sp.6 (PKWS15-221) and Ramaria sp.7 (PKWS14-02). The Ramaria samples were then extracted with ethanol and screened for the bioactivities. The results showed that all extracts contained high antioxidant activity especially PKWS15-164. They were detected high number of flavonoids and total phenolic contents such as PKWS15-164 (3,909.52Âą58.56 g QE/g extract) and PKWS15-194 (3,765.88Âą33.75 g QE/g extract), which supported their results of antioxidant activity. Flavonoids are phenolic substances that act as antioxidants. The results of antibacterial activity revealed that most Ramaria extracts could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Moreover, the extracts of PKWS15-181 (IC50 = 0.216Âą0.026 mg/mL) and PKWS15-194 (IC50 = 12.908Âą0.110 mg/mL) exhibited high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potential, which were not significantly different from diabetes mellitus drug as well as acarbose (IC50 = 33.782 Âą0.523 mg/mL). The results from this study indicated that the coral mushroom Ramaria species are new potential source of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-alpha glucosidase activities in future.  Keywords: Coral mushroom, Flavonoids, Antioxidants, Antimicrobial activity, Diabetes mellitu
Relationships, variety & synergy:the vital ingredients for scholarship in engineering education? A case study
This paper begins with the argument that within modern-day society, engineering has shifted from being the scientific and technical mainstay of industrial, and more recently digital change to become the most vital driver of future advancement. In order to meet the inevitable challenges resulting from this role, the nature of engineering education is constantly evolving and as such engineering education has to change. The paper argues that what is needed is a fresh approach to engineering education â one that is sufficiently flexible so as to capture the fast-changing needs of engineering education as a discipline, whilst being pedagogically suitable for use with a range of engineering epistemologies. It provides an overview of a case study in which a new approach to engineering education has been developed and evaluated. The approach, which is based on the concept of scholarship, is described in detail. This is followed by a discussion of how the approach has been put into practice and evaluated. The paper concludes by arguing that within today's market-driven university world, the need for effective learning and teaching practice, based in good scholarship, is fundamental to student success
Aspiring to become an engineer in Hong Kong: effects of engineering education and demographic background on secondary studentsâ expectation to become an engineer
Many post-industrial societies have seen a decline in secondary school studentsâ aspirations to become an engineer. Hong Kong (HK) is a postindustrial region within a larger industrialising society where no current study identifies engineering aspirations of secondary students. A representative sample of HK (3724 students/23 schools) explored engineering attitudes, perceptions, motivation, efficacy and curricular/ extracurricular experiences using a purposely defined questionnaire. Contributions of these factors to studentsâ aspirations were differentiated into individual and school contexts using hierarchical linear modelling and structural equation modelling. Descriptive analyses identified boys and younger students in single-sex schools had the most positive attitudes towards engineering but school-based engineering opportunities did not provide significant contributions to studentsâ aspirations. Aspirations were affected by studentsâ engineering efficacy, practical âhands-onâ experience and limited science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) curricular experience. Similarities between HK and many post-industrial societies, and curriculum/ pedagogical implications concerning efficacy for secondary school engineering education are identified