EFIKASI INSEKTISIDA NABATI EKSTRAK DAUN Tephrosia vogelii Hook. TERHADAP Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) dan Plutella xylostella (L.) SERTA PENGARUHNYA PADA Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen)

[EFICATION OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE OF Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. LEAF EXTRACT AGAINTS Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) AND Plutella xylostella (L.) AND ITS EFFECT TO Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen)]. The active fraction of hexane extract of Tephrosia vogelii (Tv) leaves was evaluated for this insecticidal activity on second-instar larvae of Crocidolomia pavonana and Plutella xylostella as well as for the safety to the adults of Diadegma semiclausum parasitoid. Fraction (fr) 2-4 of Tv from column chromatography (CC) had strong insecticidal activity on C. pavonana and P. xylostella. In the test with C. pavonana, the fraction was more active by feeding than by contact. Based on LC at 72 hours since treatment (HST), fr 2-4 CC Tv was 1.8 times more toxic to P. xylostella than to C. pavonana. The fr 2-4 CC Tv showed strong antifeedant effect against C. pavonana larvae. At equal test concentrations, the treatment with fr 2-4 CC Tv caused much lower mortality in D. semiclausum parasitoid adults than in its host larvae, P. xylostella. In contrast, an organophosphate profenofos, included in this study as a positive control, was much more detrimental to D. semiclausum than to P. xylostella. In the semifield experiment, fr 2-4 CC Tv had comparable effect with profenofos and bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis in reducing the population of C. pavonana larvae on broccoli plants

Strategic distribution network planning with smart grid technologies

This paper presents a multiyear distribution network planning optimization model for managing the operation and capacity of distribution systems with significant penetration of distributed generation (DG). The model considers investment in both traditional network and smart grid technologies, including dynamic line rating, quadrature-booster, and active network management, while optimizing the settings of network control devices and, if necessary, the curtailment of DG output taking into account its network access arrangement (firm or non-firm). A set of studies on a 33 kV real distribution network in the U.K. has been carried out to test the model. The main objective of the studies is to evaluate and compare the performance of different investment approaches, i.e., incremental and strategic investment. The studies also demonstrate the ability of the model to determine the optimal DG connection points to reduce the overall system cost. The results of the studies are discussed in this paper

Kutu Putih Singkong, Phenacoccus Manihoti Matile-ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Persebaran Geografi Di Pulau Jawa Dan Rintisan Pengendalian Hayati

Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): Geographic distribution in Java and initiation of biological control. Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Psedococcidae), is a recently introduced pest in Indonesia. Parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was imported to control the pest. Studies were conducted to determine geographic distribution of P. manihoti throughout Java, and to evaluate the potential of the parasitoid as a biological control agent. Geographic distribution of the pest was determined through field survey, whereas evaluation of the parasitoid was studied through cage experiment and field release. Our survey revealed that the cassava mealybug has spread throughout Java. Heavy infestations caused shortened and distorted stems, complete defoliation, and stunted growth. In cages containing only mealybugs, all cassava plants (100%) died after two months. Whereas in cages containing both mealybugs and three pairs of parasitoid, rate of parasitization was 25% and plant mortality 20%. Parasitoids released in the field were able to survive, reproduce, and establish under Bogor climatic condition. These might indicate that parasitoid A. lopezi is a potential natural enemy to be used in biological control program of the cassava mealybug

Laju Enkapsulasi Parasitoid Anagyrus Lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) oleh Kutu Putih Singkong Phenacoccus Manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) didatangkan ke Indonesia pada awal tahun 2014 untuk mengendalikan kutu putih singkong, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari laju enkapsulasi parasitoid A. lopezi oleh berbagai instar P. manihoti. Pengamatan laju enkapsulasi dilakukan dengan memaparkan seekor parasitoid betina yang telah kawin pada kutu putih nimfa-1, -2, -3, dan imago didalam tabung mika selama 24 jam. Kutu putih kemudian dibedah dan diamati banyaknya telur parasitoid yang diletakkan serta yang terenkapsulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan laju enkapsulasi agregat paling tinggi dilakukan oleh imago, yaitu 8,4%, diikuti oleh nimfa-3 (5,8%), nimfa-2 (3,1%), dan nimfa-1 (1,1%). Laju enkapsulasi efektif oleh imago 2,0%, sedangkan oleh nimfa sekitar 1,0%. Laju enkapsulasi yang rendah ini diyakini tidak akan mengurangi keefektifan parasitoid A. lopezi dalam pengendalian hayati kutu putih singkong P. manihoti di Indonesia

Benefits of demand-side response in providing frequency response service in the future GB power system

The demand for ancillary service is expected to increase significantly in the future Great Britain (GB) electricity system due to high penetration of wind. In particular, the need for frequency response, required to deal with sudden frequency drops following a loss of generator, will increase because of the limited inertia capability of wind plants. This paper quantifies the requirements for primary frequency response and analyses the benefits of frequency response provision from demand-side response (DSR). The results show dramatic changes in frequency response requirements driven by high penetration of wind. Case studies carried out by using an advanced stochastic generation scheduling model suggest that the provision of frequency response from DSR could greatly reduce the system operation cost, wind curtailment, and carbon emissions in the future GB system characterized by high penetration of wind. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the benefit of DSR shows significant diurnal and seasonal variation, whereas an even more rapid (instant) delivery of frequency response from DSR could provide significant additional value. Our studies also indicate that the competing technologies to DSR, namely battery storage, and more flexible generation could potentially reduce its value by up to 35%, still leaving significant room to deploy DSR as frequency response provider

Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PTPN VIII Cindali, Bogor

Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in PTPN VIII oil palm plantation Cindali, Bogor. One group of important natural enemies in oil palm plantation is parasitic Hymenoptera. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity and fluctuation of parasitic Hymenoptera PTPN VIII Cindali oil palm plantation. This research was conducted in 6 blocks of oil palm in September 2014 – June 2015. There were 5 plots in every observation blocks 39.2 x 39.2 m in size, and used direct and indirect method. Direct method done by 5 plants in every plots was taken randomized to observed and taken the herbivore insects to reared until the parasitic Hymenoptera came out. Observation of cover crops conducted by 3 subplots determined diagonally in every plots 9.8 x 9.8 m in size and herbivore insects was observed and collected. Indirect methods used sweep net and yellow pan trap. The result of this research, 26 parasitic Hymenoptera families was found, with the Braconidae was the most morphospecies found and the most individual amount was Scelionidae. The abundance of parasitoid in every month fluctuated

Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitika Pada Tipe Ekosistem Berbeda Di Bangka Tengah, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung

Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in different ecosystem types in Central Bangka, Bangka-Belitung Islands.Hymenoptera richness is dominated by parasitic species. More than 80% of Hymenoptera play a role as parasitoid on arthropods that are mostly insects. Diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera is widely studied in various types of terrestrial ecosystems including agro-ecosystem and non-agro-ecosystem. This study aimed to invent and compare the diversity of parasitic Hymenoptera in three different ecosystems, i.e., forest, oil palm plantation, and ex-tin mining. The location was located in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Island. The study was conducted in Juli 2014 until October 2015. Parasitic Hymenoptera was collected with insect sweep net and yellow pan trap on one transect line with 1000 m length. Parasitic Hymenoptera were found on forest as much as 732 morphospecies, 326 morphospecies on oil palm plantations, and 293 morphospecies on ex-tin mining. Diversity and abundance of parasitic Hymenoptera on forest was higher than oil palm plantation and ex-tin mining area. Braconidae family was found dominant on forest, however on oil palm plantation and extin mining area the dominant family was Scelionidae

Tingkat Pemangsaan Neoseiulus Longispinosus Evans (Acari : Phytoseiidae) Terhadap Tetranychus Urticae Koch Dan Tetranychus Kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) Serta Perilaku Kanibalismenya

Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranycus kanzawai Kishida are important pests of various crops of economicall importance in Indonesia. Acaricide ussually used to control these mites. One of the alternative control methods is the use of phytoseiid predatory mites. Most of the phytoseiid mites that are used as biological control agents are exotic mites. For that reasons, it is necessary to study indegenous predatory mites that has the potential to be developed as biological control, such as N. longispinosus. The objective of this study was to determine the predation capacities of N. longispinosus on two red spider mites of T. urticae and T. kanzawai and the effect of predator densities to predator cannibalistic behavior. N. longispinosus were supplied with eggs and adults of T. urticae and T. kanzawai to determine the predation capacities. N. longispinosus were also supplied low number of T. kanzawai eggs as the prey at several predator densities to see its cannibalistic behavior. The results showed that the number of eggs of T. urticae dan T. kanzawai consumed by deutonymphs and adult females of N. longispinosus was higher than the adult female of T. urticae dan T. kanzawai. The number of eggs of T. urticae dan T. kanzawai consumed by adult female N. longispinosus was higher than by the deutonymphs. The number of eggs laid by adult females of N. longispinosus when feed on eggs of T. urticae and T. kanzawai was higher than those feed on adult female. Deutonymph and female adult stage of N. longispinosus showed cannibalistic behavior at several predator densities in low number of prey

NGENGAT PARASITOID (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) PADA WERENG PUCUK METE DI PERTANAMAN JAMBU METE DI PULAU LOMBOK

ABSTRAKWereng pucuk mete, Sanurus indecora (Homoptera : Flatidae),merupakan hama utama tanaman jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Berbagaicara pengendalian telah dilakukan baik secara kimiawi maupun biologi.Pengendalian biologis yang telah banyak digunakan adalah pemanfaatandan eksplorasi musuh alami yang mencakup parasitoid, patogen danpredator. Salah satu musuh alami wereng daun (leafhoppers) dan werengpohon (planthoppers) yang masih belum diteliti di Indonesia dan baru 20spesies yang ada di di dunia adalah Epipyropidae. Ektoparasitoid familiEpipyropidae yang berasosiasi dengan imago S. indecora telah ditemukanpertama di Indonesia, khususnya di Pulau Lombok. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan ngengat parasitoid pada inang S.indecora pada pertanaman jambu mete di lahan kering Pulau Lombok.Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua kegiatan utama, yaitu pengambilansampel di lapang dan pengamatan laboratorium. Lokasi penelitian beradadi tiga desa di wilayah Kecamatan Gangga, Kayangan, dan Bayan.Penelitian dilakukan selama musim kemarau 2007 (Mei hingga Oktober2007) dan musim hujan (November 2007 hingga April 2008) di tiga kebunjambu mete milik petani yang ditanam secara monokultur. Dari penelitianini dapat diberikan beberapa kesimpulan, yaitu : wereng pucuk mete S.indecora berkembang baik pada musim kemarau (April hingga September)dan cenderung menurun pada saat musim hujan (Oktober hingga Maret),dengan populasi tinggi dicapai pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2007.Larva ektoparasitoid Epypiropidae menyerang S. indecora jantan danbetina yang bersifat soliter dan atau gregarius. Laju parasitisasiEpipyropidae pada S. indecora jantan lebih kecil daripada betina, yaituberkisar 5,89 – 12,16% dan betina berkisar 15,23 – 19,23%. LarvaEpipyropidae tidak dapat menekan laju pertumbuhan populasi S. indecoradi pertanaman monokultur jambu mete di pulau Lombok. Denganperkataan lain bahwa semakin tinggi populasi S. indecora semakin rendahlaju parasitisasi yang ditemukan.Kata kunci : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, ngengatparasitoid, EpipyropidaeABSTRACTParasitoid moth (Lepidoptera : Epipyropidae) on cashewplanthopper at cashew plantation in LombokSanurus indecora Jacobi is a serious pest attacking cashewplantation in Lombok Island. A number of natural enemies of flatids werefound on cashew plantation such as predator, pathogen, and parasitoid. Allmembers  of  Epipyropidae  (Lepidoptera)  are  ectoparasitoid  onplanthoppers and leafhoppers (Homoptera). The first report onEpipyropidae in Indonesia was documented, in Lombok whereEpipyropidae parasitized S. indecora. Study was conducted to determinethe prevalence of parasitoid moth on S. indecora at Lombok uplandcashew plantations. This experiment was conducted on May 2007 untilApril 2008 in three village areas of Gangga, Kayangan, and Bayandistricts. The results showed that population of Sanurus indecora increasesgradually from April until October (dry season) and decreases fromNovember until March (rainy season), with the highest population occursin August to October. Epipyropidae attacks both male and female of S.indecora J. Parasitation rate of male ranges from 0.38 – 46.00% with anaverage of 8.96%. Parasitation rate of female varies from 8.77 - 38.52%with an average of 17.45%. Epipyropidae is a solitary and or gregariousparasitoid. The parasitation rate was negatively correlated with S. indecorapopulation. The numbers of Epipyropidae larvae were correlated with thenumbers of S. indecora infected.Key words : Anacardium occidentale, Sanurus indecora, parasitoid moth,Epipyropida