Optical constants of evaporation-deposited silicon monoxide films in the 7.1-800 eV photon energy range

8 págs.; 11 figs.The transmittance of silicon monoxide films prepared by thermal evaporation was measured from 7.1 to 800 eV and used to determine the optical constants of the material. SiO films deposited onto C-coated microgrids in ultrahigh vacuum conditions were measured in situ from 7.1 to 23.1 eV. Grid-supported SiO films deposited in high vacuum conditions were characterized ex situ from 28.5 to 800 eV. At each photon energy, transmittance, and thickness data were used to calculate the extinction coefficient k. The obtained k values combined with data from the literature, and with interpolations and extrapolations in the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum provided a complete set of k values that was used in a Kramers-Kronig analysis to obtain the real part of the index of refraction, n. Two different sum-rule tests were performed that indicated good consistency of the data. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.This work was supported by the National Programme for Space Research, Subdirección General de Proyectos de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Project Nos. ESP2002-01391 and ESP2005-02650. This work was also performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098 and by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52- 07NA27344. M.F.-P. is thankful to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Spain for funding under the Programa I3P Contract No. I3P-BPD2004, partially supported by the European Social Fund. M.V.-D. acknowledges financial support from a FPI Contract No. BES-2006-14047 fellowship.Peer Reviewe

Lifetime mental health problems in Adult Lower Secondary Education: a student survey

Background/Objective: Adult Lower Secondary Education is an education program for basic qualifications for the labor market. Our study aimed to compare lifetime mental health problems between current Adult Lower Secondary Education students and higher Vocational Education students, as the former constitutes a highly distinct and understudied group. Methods: Findings were based on a cross-sectional self-report survey. Lifetime relative odds of occurrence of mental disorders [i.e., psychiatric disorders typically diagnosed in adults, learning difficulties or deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] were compared between Adult Lower Secondary Education students (n = 134) and Vocational Education students (n = 149). Results: While the frequency of mental health problems was high in both groups, psychiatric disorders typically diagnosed in adults were more common in Adult Lower Secondary Education students than among other students. Vocational Education students reported higher rates of ADHD. Conclusion: There is a need for additional psychological resources for Adult Lower Secondary Education students, an educational level that is the last path for many to acquire a basic degree

Long-term precipitation in Southwestern Europe reveals no clear trend attributable to anthropogenic forcing

We present a long-term assessment of precipitation trends in Southwestern Europe (1850-2018) using data from multiple sources, including observations, gridded datasets and global climate model experiments. Contrary to previous investigations based on shorter records, we demonstrate, using new long-term, quality controlled precipitation series, the lack of statistically significant long-term decreasing trends in precipitation for the region. Rather, significant trends were mostly found for shorter periods, highlighting the prevalence of interdecadal and interannual variability at these time-scales. Global climate model outputs from three CMIP experiments are evaluated for periods concurrent with observations. Both the CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles show precipitation decline, with only CMIP6 showing agreement with long term trends in observations. However, for both CMIP3 and CMIP5 large interannual and internal variability among ensemble members makes it difficult to identify a trend that is statistically different from observations. Across both observations and models, our results make it difficult to associate any declining trends in precipitation in Southwestern Europe to anthropogenic forcing at this stage.This work was supported by the research projects CGL2017-82216-R, CGL2017-83866-C3-3-R and PCI2019-103631, financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and FEDER; CROSSDRO project financed by the AXIS (Assessment of Cross(X) - sectoral climate Impacts and pathways for Sustainable transformation), JPI-Climate co-funded call of the European Commission and INDECIS which is part of ERA4CS, an ERA-NET initiated by JPI Climate, and funded by FORMAS (SE), DLR (DE), BMWFW (AT), IFD (DK), MINECO (ES), ANR (FR) with co-funding by the European Union (Grant 690462)

On soil-structure interaction in large non-slender partially buried structures

This paper addresses the seismic analysis of a deeply embedded non-slender structure hosting the pumping unit of a reservoir. The dynamic response in this type of problems is usually studied under the assumption of a perfectly rigid structure using a sub-structuring procedure (three-step solution) proposed specifically for this hypothesis. Such an approach enables a relatively simple assessment of the importance of some key factors influencing the structural response. In this work, the problem is also solved in a single step using a direct approach in which the structure and surrounding soil are modelled as a coupled system with its actual geometry and flexibility. Results indicate that, quite surprisingly, there are significant differences among prediction using both methods. Furthermore, neglecting the flexibility of the structure leads to a significant underestimation of the spectral accelerations at certain points of the structure

The neural substrate and functional integration of uncertainty in decision making: an information theory approach

Decision making can be regarded as the outcome of cognitive processes leading to the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. Borrowing a central measurement from information theory, Shannon entropy, we quantified the uncertainties produced by decisions of participants within an economic decision task under different configurations of reward probability and time. These descriptors were used to obtain blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlates of uncertainty and two clusters codifying the Shannon entropy of task configurations were identified: a large cluster including parts of the right middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and left and right pre-supplementary motor areas (pre-SMA) and a small cluster at the left anterior thalamus. Subsequent functional connectivity analyses using the psycho-physiological interactions model identified areas involved in the functional integration of uncertainty. Results indicate that clusters mostly located at frontal and temporal cortices experienced an increased connectivity with the right MCC and left and right pre-SMA as the uncertainty was higher. Furthermore, pre-SMA was also functionally connected to a rich set of areas, most of them associative areas located at occipital and parietal lobes. This study provides a map of the human brain segregation and integration (i.e., neural substrate and functional connectivity respectively) of the uncertainty associated to an economic decision making paradigm

Deep Sequencing of Target Linkage Assay-Identified Regions in Familial Breast Cancer: Methods, Analysis Pipeline and Troubleshooting

Background: The classical candidate-gene approach has failed to identify novel breast cancer susceptibility genes. Nowadays, massive parallel sequencing technology allows the development of studies unaffordable a few years ago. However, analysis protocols are not yet sufficiently developed to extract all information from the huge amount of data obtained. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this study, we performed high throughput sequencing in two regions located on chromosomes 3 and 6, recently identified by linkage studies by our group as candidate regions for harbouring breast cancer susceptibility genes. In order to enrich for the coding regions of all described genes located in both candidate regions, a hybrid-selection method on tiling microarrays was performed. Conclusions/Significance: We developed an analysis pipeline based on SOAP aligner to identify candidate variants with a high real positive confirmation rate (0.89), with which we identified eight variants considered candidates for functiona

Duodenal Adenomas and Cancer in MUTYH-associated Polyposis: An International Cohort Study

Although duodenal adenomas and cancer appear to occur significantly less frequently in autosomal recessive MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) than in autosomal dominant familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP),1 current guidelines recommend similar endoscopic surveillance for both disorders.2-4 This involves gastro-duodenoscopy starting at 25 to 35 years of age and repeated at intervals determined by Spigelman staging based on the number, size, histological type and degree of dysplasia of adenomas, and by ampullary staging. Case reports of duodenal cancers in MAP suggest that they may develop in the absence of advanced Spigelman stage benign disease and even without coexisting adenomas.1 Recent molecular analyses suggest thatMAPduodenal adenomashave a higher mutational burden than FAP adenomas and are more likely to harbor oncogenic drivermutations, such as those in KRAS.5 These apparent differences in the biology and natural history of duodenal polyposis in FAP and MAP challenge the assumption that the same surveillance should be applied in both conditions

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Unidad didáctica interdisciplinar : El Ala Delta

Unidad didáctica que responde a la necesidad de que los alumnos desarrollen y aprendan un conjunto de recursos eficaces para conocer mejor la realidad en la que viven y poder así actuar en y sobre ella. Las áreas que confluyen en el trabajo son: Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Matemáticas, Ciencias de la Naturaleza e Informática. La duración prevista es de 60 horas y de 8 a 12 semanas. La unidad va a ser trabajada por alumnos de Lumbier (Navarra) que proceden de una zona netamente rural. Pretende dar respuesta al gran interés de estos jóvenes por conocer, comprender y enjuiciar rasgos y problemas que caracterizan a la zona de la que proceden y en la que previsiblemente van a vivir en un futuro. El proyecto se desarrolla a partir de sesiones de aula y salidas. Describe las actividades previstas que se dividen en los siguientes bloques: 1. Actividades para el conocimiento y comprensión del medio físico (utilización e interpretación de mapas topográficos y fotografías aéreas); 2. Actividades para el conocimiento y comprensión del medio natural (clima, geología, fauna, flora, ecosistemas, intervención humana, etc.); 3. Actividades para el conocimiento y comprensión del medio humano (fenómenos demográficos y elaboración de diagramas, gráficos, etc.); 4. Actividades para el conocimiento de la realidad agrícola, industrial y de servicios de la zona (localización, distribución y evolución de los sectores económicos, lectura e interpretación de documentos escritos referidos a las actividades económicas, etc.; 5. Actividades sobre el patrimonio artístico. Como introducción se presenta una simulación de un vuelo en ala delta (utilizando fotografía aérea y esteroscopio) con el objetivo de que el alumno observe y reconozca en los fotogramas los elementos que luego serán objeto de estudio y desarrollo en la unidad. Canaliza las preguntas que debe hacerse el alumno para que motivado por ellas, avance en el desarrollo de la unidad. Esta primera actividad es la de enfoque más globalizador. Se hizo una evaluación inicial de sondeo sobre los conocimientos, otra referida al progreso y al aprovechamiento por parte de los alumnos mediante la observación directa, los cuadernos de actividades y pruebas objetivas. Se evalua asímismo el proceso en cuanto a la oportunidad del diseño de la unidad, la secuencia de actividades y la actuación del profesor como motor del proceso.Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Educación y CulturaNavarraES

Optical constants of SrF2 thin films in the 25-780-eV spectral range

8 págs.; 11 figs.; 1 tab.The transmittance and the optical constants of SrF2 thin films, a candidate material for multilayer coatings operating in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-rays, have been determined in the spectral range of 25¿780¿eV, in most of which no experimental data were previously available. SrF2 films of various thicknesses were deposited by evaporation onto room-temperature, thin Al support films, and their transmittance was measured with synchrotron radiation. The transmittance as a function of film thickness was used to calculate the extinction coefficient k at each photon energy. A decrease in density with increasing SrF2 film thickness was observed. In the calculation of k, this effect was circumvented by fitting the transmittance versus the product of thickness and density. The real part of the refractive index of SrF2 films was calculated from k with Kramers-Krönig analysis, for which the measured spectral range was extended both to lower and to higher photon energies with data in the literature combined with interpolations and extrapolations. With the application of f- and inertial sum rules, the consistency of the compiled data was found to be excellent. . VC 2013 American Institute of Physics.This work was supported in part by the National Programme for Space Research, Subdireccion General de Proyectos de Investigacion, Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad, Project No. AYA2010-22032. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098. The Advanced Light Source was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231. L. Rodrıguez-de Marcos is thankful to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (CSIC) for funding under Programa J.A.E. (Junta de Ampliacion de Estudios), which was partially supported by the European Social Fund.Peer Reviewe