The Acadian plutonic rocks of New Brunswick

Extensive bimodal plutonism accompanied and followed the Acadian deformation in New Brunswick. These Acadian plutons define a Central Plutonic Belt, which is largely confined to a terrain with an Acadian trend of 030*, and a Southern Plutonic Belt, which occurs within a structural province with an Acadian and Varlscan trend of 060". It has been possible to classify the Acadian plutons north of the Avalonian Platform according to their structures, textures, field relationships, mineralogy, and chemical characteristics; supplemented by radiometric age dates. Plutonic rock types include: A-B a mafic-felalc association; C - syntectonic conalite and granodiorite; D - suscovlte-bearing; F - megacrystic granitoids; H - equigranular biotite granites; and E and G - 'transitional' granites. The magmatism, regardless of location, follows a common evolutionary trend and appears to comprise a sequence of intrusions from early Devonian to Carboniferous time with no significant break in the evolution. These characteristics along with the bimodal chemistry and the lack of compositional polarity suggest that the development of these Acadian plutons was not subduction-related. A time-dependent process such as radioactive heating of a thickened crust is a more probable mechanism for their genesis. RÉSUMÉ Au Nouveau-Brunswick, la déformation acadienne fut accompagnée puis suivie d'un plutoniame bimodal très étendu. Ces plutons acadiens définissent une zone intrusive centrale et une zone intrusive méridional: la première se confine en grande partie dans une région qui présente une orientation acadienne de 030* alors que la seconde se trouve à l'intérieur d'une province structurale marquée par une orientation acadienne et variaque de 060*. Au nord de la plate-forme avalonienne, les plutons acadiens ont pu être classifiés selon leurs structures, textures, relations de terrain ainsi que leurs caractérisques minéraloglques et chimiques, le tout étant complété par des datations radiométriques. Les roches intrusives comprennent: A-B une association mafique et felsique; C - une granodiorite et une tonalite syntectoniques; D - roches intrusives à muacovite; F - granitoides à biotite équigranulaire; et E et G - granites "de transition". Peu importe l'endrolt, on observe une tendance évolutive commune à ce magmatlsme qui semble comprendre une suite d'intrusions, évoluant sans interruption du Dévonien inférieur au Carbonifère. Ces caractérlstlques, en plus de Is bimodalité du chimisme et de l'absence de polarité de composition, suggèrent que ces plutons acadeins ne furent pas formés par subduction. Pour engendrer ceux-ci, un processus lié au temps, tel que le réchauffement radioactif d'une croûte qui s'est épaissie, est plus probable. [Traduit par le Journal

Seasonal patterns and controls on net ecosystem CO2 exchange in a boreal peatland complex

We measured seasonal patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in a diverse peatland complex underlain by discontinuous permafrost in northern Manitoba, Canada, as part of the Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). Study sites spanned the full range of peatland trophic and moisture gradients found in boreal environments from bog (pH 3.9) to rich fen (pH 7.2). During midseason (July‐August, 1996), highest rates of NEE and respiration followed the trophic sequence of bog (5.4 to −3.9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) \u3c poor fen (6.3 to −6.5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) \u3c intermediate fen (10.5 to −7.8 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1) \u3c rich fen (14.9 to −8.7 μmol CO2m−2 s−1). The sequence changed during spring (May‐June) and fall (September‐October) when ericaceous shrub (e.g., Chamaedaphne calyculata) bogs and sedge (Carex spp.) communities in poor to intermediate fens had higher maximum CO2 fixation rates than deciduous shrub‐dominated (Salix spp. and Betula spp.) rich fens. Timing of snowmelt and differential rates of peat surface thaw in microtopographic hummocks and hollows controlled the onset of carbon uptake in spring. Maximum photosynthesis and respiration were closely correlated throughout the growing season with a ratio of approximately 1/3 ecosystem respiration to maximum carbon uptake at all sites across the trophic gradient. Soil temperatures above the water table and timing of surface thaw and freeze‐up in the spring and fall were more important to net CO2 exchange than deep soil warming. This close coupling of maximum CO2 uptake and respiration to easily measurable variables, such as trophic status, peat temperature, and water table, will improve models of wetland carbon exchange. Although trophic status, aboveground net primary productivity, and surface temperatures were more important than water level in predicting respiration on a daily basis, the mean position of the water table was a good predictor (r2 = 0.63) of mean respiration rates across the range of plant community and moisture gradients. Q10 values ranged from 3.0 to 4.1 from bog to rich fen, but when normalized by above ground vascular plant biomass, the Q10 for all sites was 3.3

TLNRD1 is a CCM complex component and regulates endothelial barrier integrity

We previously identified talin rod domain-containing protein 1 (TLNRD1) as a potent actin-bundling protein in vitro. Here, we report that TLNRD1 is primarily expressed in the vasculature in vivo and that its depletion leads to vascular abnormalities in vivo and loss of barrier integrity in cultured endothelial cells. We demonstrate that TLNRD1 is a component of the cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) complex through its direct, high-affinity interaction with CCM2. Modeling and functional testing of TLNRD1 and CCM2 mutants reveal that their interaction is mediated by a hydrophobic C-terminal helix in CCM2 that attaches to a hydrophobic groove on the 4-helix domain of TLNRD1. Disruption of this binding interface leads to CCM2 and TLNRD1 accumulation in the nucleus and actin fibers. Notably, a CCM2 pathogenic mutation linked to vascular dementia in patients maps to the interface and disrupts the interaction. Our findings indicate that CCM2 controls TLNRD1 localization to the cytoplasm and inhibits its actin-bundling activity. Based on these results, we propose a new pathway by which the CCM complex modulates the actin cytoskeleton and vascular integrity by controlling TLNRD1 bundling activity

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Piirteitä sotilaslentotoiminnan viimeaikaisesta kehityksestä

Ensimmäisessä luvussa tarkastellaan lentokaluston muuttumista potkurikoneista suihkumoottorikäyttöiseksi ja sen sekä muiden kehityspiirteiden mukanaan tuomia uusia ominaisuuksia, kuten muun muassa lentonopeus, kiihtyvyys- ja keskipakoisvoimat, liikehdinnän muutokset ja lentokorkeuden vaikutus. Toisessa luvussa, käsiteltäessä lentokoneiden aseistusta, todetaan hyökkäysvälineiden monipuolistumisen ja tehostumisen lisänneen torjunnan tarvetta, mutta samalla vaikeuttaneen torjunnan suoritusta. Seuraavassa ilmavalvontaa käsittelevässä luvussa korostetaan tutkan merkitystä, hälytyksen ennakointia sekä viestiliikenteen laaja-alaisuuden ja nopeuden vaatimusta . Hyökkäystoimintaa käsittelevässä seuraavassa luvussa todetaan muun muassa, että "hyökkäystapojen ja hyökkäysvälineiden kehitys on koitunut hyökkääjän eduksi". Torjuntaa käsitellään tarkastelemalla lähinnä sitä toteuttavien hävittäjien ominaisuuksia ja toimintaedellytyksiä. Lentotiedustelun mahdollisuuksien todetaan sekä parantuneen, mutta myös osaltaan huonontuneen suuresta lentonopeudesta johtuen. Artikkelin loppuosassa tarkastellaan lyhyesti lentokuljetuksia, maahanlaskuja, lentokenttien vaatimuksia sekä materiaalisia kysymyksiä

Evaluation of an Immunoturbidimetric Microalbuminuria Assay

Peer Reviewe