Diferenciación de carnes de jabalí europeo (Sus scrofa scrofa) y cerdo doméstico (Sus scrofa domestica) mediante el análisis por PCR de la región mitocondrial D-loop y el gen nuclear MC1R

En este trabajo se describe la diferenciación de carnes procedentes de jabalí europeo (Sus scrofa scrofa) y cerdo doméstico (Sus scrofa domestica) mediante el análisis por PCR de la región mitocondrial D-loop y del gen nuclear que codifica para el receptor 1 de la melanocortina (MC1R). La discriminación por PCR-RFLP de jabalí y cerdo en la región D loop no fue posible. Sin embargo, la técnica de PCR-RFLP desarrollada en el gen MC1R determinó perfiles de bandas característicos que permitieron la diferenciación de jabalí y cerdo mediante el empleo de las endonucleasas BspHI y BstUI.This work describes the differentiation of European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) and domestic swine (Sus scrofa domestica) meats by PCR targeting sequences from the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) region and the nuclear melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene. Detailed analysis of every D-loop sequence obtained indicated that PCR RFLP differentiation between wild and domestic Sus scrofa meats was not possible. Nevertheless, the PCR-RFLP technique developed targeting the MC1R gene generated characteristic PCR–RFLP profiles that allowed discrimination among meats from wild and domestic swine specimens using BspHI and BstUI endonucleases

QUIJOTE Scientific Results. II. Polarisation Measurements of the Microwave Emission in the Galactic molecular complexes W43 and W47 and supernova remnant W44

We present Q-U-I JOint TEnerife (QUIJOTE) intensity and polarisation maps at 10-20 GHz covering a region along the Galactic plane 24<l<45 deg, |b|<8 deg. These maps result from 210 h of data, have a sensitivity in polarisation of ~40 muK/beam and an angular resolution of ~1 deg. Our intensity data are crucial to confirm the presence of anomalous microwave emission (AME) towards the two molecular complexes W43 (22 sigma) and W47 (8 sigma). We also detect at high significance (6 sigma) AME associated with W44, the first clear detection of this emission towards a SNR. The new QUIJOTE polarisation data, in combination with WMAP, are essential to: i) Determine the spectral index of the synchrotron emission in W44, beta_sync =-0.62 +/-0.03, in good agreement with the value inferred from the intensity spectrum once a free-free component is included in the fit. ii) Trace the change in the polarisation angle associated with Faraday rotation in the direction of W44 with rotation measure -404 +/- 49 rad/m2. And iii) set upper limits on the polarisation of W43 of Pi_AME <0.39 per cent (95 per cent C.L.) from QUIJOTE 17~GHz, and <0.22 per cent from WMAP 41 GHz data, which are the most stringent constraints ever obtained on the polarisation fraction of the AME. For typical physical conditions (grain temperature and magnetic field strengths), and in the case of perfect alignment between the grains and the magnetic field, the models of electric or magnetic dipole emissions predict higher polarisation fractions.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Detección de ADN de pescado en piensos vegetales mediante una técnica de PCR en tiempo real

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using SYBR green detection system has been developed for detection of fishmeal in feedstuffs. The real-time PCR method combines the use of fish-specific primers that amplify a 87 bp fragment of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene from fish species, and universal primers that amplify a 99 bp fragment of the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene from eukaryotic DNA. The PCR method developed was applied to fish tissues/oats binary mixtures demonstrating its suitability for the detection of fish DNA in mixtures containing as low as 0.1% of fish tissues.Se ha desarrollado una técnica de PCR en tiempo real, utilizando el agente intercalador fluorescente SYBR® Green, para la detección cuantitativa de la presencia de harinas de pescado en piensos. El método combina el uso de cebadores específicos de pescado que amplifican un fragmento de 87 pb del gen mitocondrial ARNr 12S, junto a cebadores universales que amplifican un fragmento conservado de 99 pb del gen nuclear ARNr 18S en el ADN de los organismos eucariotas. La técnica desarrollada permitió detectar y cuantificar hasta un 0,1% de ADN de pescado en mezclas experimentales de pescado/avena

Detección específica de Arcobacter Butzleri en carne de pollo mediante una técnica de PCR

En este trabajo se describe el desarrollo de una técnica de PCR para la detección específica de Arcobacter butzleri en carne fresca de pollo empleando cebadores específicos de especie diseñados en gen 16S ARN ribosómico. Los cebadores seleccionados amplifican un fragmento de 195 pb en A. butzleri, sin producir señal de amplificación en otras especies de Arcobacter, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, ni en otros microorganismos presentes en los alimentos. La técnica de PCR se ha aplicado al análisis de 42 muestras comerciales de carne fresca de pollo adquiridas en diversos comercios minoristas. Tras un pre enriquecimiento selectivo durante 18 h a 30ºC, A. butzleri se detectó en un 85,7% de las muestras analizadas. Se observó una total concordancia entre los resultados obtenidos por PCR y el método convencional de recuento en placas de agar selectivo.A PCR technique was developed for the specific detection of Arcobacter butzleri in fresh chicken meat using species-specific primers designed on the 16S ribosomal ARN gene. The selected primers amplify a 195 bp fragment from A. butzleri whereas no PCR product is generated for other Arcobacter, Campylobacter, Helicobacter species, and other food bacteria. The PCR technique was used to screen 42 retail-purchased chicken samples for the presence of A. butzleri. Following a selective enrichment for 18 h at 30ºC, A butzleri was detected in 85.7% of the analyzed samples, showing a total concordance between the PCR results and the conventional selective plating method

Autentificación de carne y productos cárnicos procedentes de codorniz, faisán, perdiz y pintada mediante una técnica de PCR con cebadores especie-específicos

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene has been applied to the specific identification of meats from quail (Coturnix coturnix), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), partridge (Alectoris spp), and guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

Utilización del gen Alt a 1 para la detección de Alternaria spp. en productos hortofrutícolas mediante una técnica de PCR

Se ha desarrollado una técnica de PCR para la detección de Alternaria spp. En productos hortofrutícolas, empleando cebadores que amplifican un fragmento de 195 pb del gen Alt a 1. El límite de detección de la técnica desarrollada fue de 102 ufc/ml, tanto en medio de cultivo como en pulpa de tomate.A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the Alt a 1 gene, has been developed for the specific identification of Alternaria spp. In vegetables. The limit of detection of the method was 102 cfu/ml either in culture or tomato paste

Single-Layer Cubipod Armored Breakwaters in Punta Langosteira (Spain)

This paper describes the design process, hydraulic stability tests and construction of two single-layer Cubipod armored breakwaters in the Port of Punta Langosteira (A Coruña, Spain), located on the Atlantic coast of Spain, the first single-layer armors of randomly placed massive concrete armor units. The environmental, geotechnical, economic and logistic conditions favored randomly-placed Cubipods in single-layer armoring. 3D hydraulic stability tests of single-layer Cubipod armored breakwaters proved useful to validate the final design with 15-tonne and 25-tonne Cubipod units

An Experience in Integrated Knowledge about Manufacturing Technologies for Students of the Grades of Industrial Engineering

AbstractIn the development of the specific skills in the field of industrial engineering, the transversality of the contents of each area of knowledge must be considered. This paper shows how the integration of the contents of different areas (such as materials, manufacturing, design, etc.) is performed in order to allow students to enhance their transversal skills. For this, a specific product is proposed as “learning object”. The analysis, to be made by the students, includes all the aspects regarding technical and economic feasibility, and manufacturing optimization of the product. The article also shows the analysis of the work environment and the established methodology by an interdisciplinary group of university teachers from different areas: materials, manufacturing and design who have contributed with their knowledge in the specific problem

Impact of solar photovoltaics on the low-voltage distribution network in New Zealand

Residential rooftop-mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are being installed at an increasing rate, both in New Zealand and globally. There have been concerns over possible issues such as overvoltage and overcurrent. These PV systems are mostly connected at low voltage (LV). This study presents a case study of simulating the entire LV network from a single utility, comprising 10,558 11 kV–415 V transformers and their associated distribution feeders. These results are also presented by network type. Various solar PV penetration levels are added to the model and the power-flow results are presented. From these results, possible maximum limits of solar PV penetration are investigated and measures to alleviate overvoltage problems are simulated. The effect of using PV inverters with voltage regulation is simulated. Results show that some minor overvoltage problems can be expected in the future, particularly in urban areas. However, in most cases the overvoltage would not be much higher than the statutory limit of 1.06 p.u

NMR Study on Laccase Polymerization of Kraft Lignin Using Different Enzymes Source

The usage of laccases is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to modifying the Kraft lignin structure for use in certain applications. However, the inherent structure of Kraft lignin, as well as that resulting from laccase modification, still presents challenges for fundamental comprehension and successful lignin valorization. In this study, bacterial and fungal laccases were employed to modify eucalypt Kraft lignin. To evaluate the type and range of the chemical and structural changes of laccase-treated lignins, different NMR techniques, including solution 1H and 2D NMR (heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC)), and solid-state 13C NMR, were applied. Size exclusion chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were also used. Interestingly, HSQC analysis showed substantial changes in the oxygenated aliphatic region of lignins, showing an almost complete absence of signals corresponding to side-chains due to laccase depolymerization. Simultaneously, a significant loss of aromatic signals was observed by HSQC and 1H NMR, which was attributed to a deprotonation of the lignin benzenic rings due to polymerization/condensation by laccase reactions. Then, condensed structures, such as α-5′, 5-5′, and 4-O-5′, were detected by HSQC and 13C NMR, supporting the increment in molecular weight, as well as the phenolic content reduction determined in lignins.This research was funded by Comunidad de Madrid via Project SUSTEC-CM S2018/EMT-4348; MCINN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe” via Project RTI2018-096080-B-C22; and MCINN via Project TED2021-132122B-C21