674 research outputs found
Method of making a piezoelectric shear wave resonator
An acoustic shear wave resonator comprising a piezoelectric film having its C-axis substantially inclined from the film normal such that the shear wave coupling coefficient significantly exceeds the longitudinal wave coupling coefficient, whereby the film is capable of shear wave resonance, and means for exciting said film to resonate. The film is prepared by deposition in a dc planar magnetron sputtering system to which a supplemental electric field is applied. The resonator structure may also include a semiconductor material having a positive temperature coefficient of resonance such that the resonator has a temperature coefficient of resonance approaching 0 ppm
Theoretical values of convective turnover times and Rossby numbers for solar-like, pre-main sequence stars
Magnetic fields are at the heart of the observed stellar activity in
late-type stars, and they are presumably generated by a dynamo mechanism at the
interface layer between the radiative and the convective stellar regions. Since
dynamo models are based on the interaction between differential rotation and
convective motions, the introduction of rotation in the ATON 2.3 stellar code
allows for explorations regarding a physically consistent treatment of magnetic
effects in stellar structure and evolution, even though there are formidable
mathematical and numerical challenges involved. As examples, we present
theoretical estimates for both the local (tau_c) and global (tau_g) convective
turnover times for rotating pre-main sequence solar-type stars, based on
up-to-date input physics for stellar models. Our theoretical predictions are
compared with the previous ones available in the literature. In addition, we
investigate the dependence of the convective turnover time on convection
regimes, the presence of rotation and atmospheric treatment. Those estimates,
this quantities can be used to calculate the Rossby number, Ro, which is
related to the magnetic activity strength in dynamo theories and, at least for
main-sequence stars, shows an observational correlation with stellar activity.
More important, they can also contribute for testing stellar models against
observations. Our theoretical values of tau_c, tau_g and Ro qualitatively agree
with those published by Kim & Demarque (1996). By increasing the convection
efficiency, tau_g decreases for a given mass. FST models show still lower
values. The presence of rotation shifts tau_g towards slightly higher values
when compared with non-rotating models. The use of non-gray boundary conditions
in the models yields values of tau_g smaller than in the gray approximation.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Polarization dependence of emission spectra of multiexcitons in self-assembled quantum dots
We have investigated the polarization dependence of the emission spectra of
p-shell multiexcitons of a quantum dot when the single particle level spacing
is larger than the characteristic energy of the Coulomb interactions. We find
that there are many degenerate multiexciton states. The emission intensities
depend on the number of degenerate initial and final states of the optical
transitions. However, unlike the transition energies, they are essentially
independent of the strength of the Coulomb interactions. In the presence of
electron-hole symmetry the independence is exact.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, published in Solid State Commu
Cutting out continuations
In the field of program transformation, one often transforms programs into continuation-passing style to make their flow of control explicit, and then immediately removes the resulting continuations using defunctionalisation to make the programs first-order. In this article, we show how these two transformations can be fused together into a single transformation step that cuts out the need to first introduce and then eliminate continuations. Our approach is calculational, uses standard equational reasoning techniques, and is widely applicable
Exciton and negative trion dissociation by an external electric field in vertically coupled quantum dots
We study the Stark effect for an exciton confined in a pair of vertically
coupled quantum dots. A single-band approximation for the hole and a parabolic
lateral confinement potential are adopted which allows for the separation of
the lateral center-of-mass motion and consequently for an exact numerical
solution of the Schr\"odinger equation. We show that for intermediate tunnel
coupling the external electric field leads to the dissociation of the exciton
via an avoided crossing of bright and dark exciton energy levels which results
in an atypical form of the Stark shift. The electric-field-induced dissociation
of the negative trion is studied using the approximation of frozen lateral
degrees of freedom. It is shown that in a symmetric system of coupled dots the
trion is more stable against dissociation than the exciton. For an asymmetric
system of coupled dots the trion dissociation is accompanied by a positive
curvature of the recombination energy line as a function of the electric field.Comment: PRB - in prin
Exploiting exciton-exciton interactions in semiconductor quantum dots for quantum-information processing
We propose an all-optical implementation of quantum-information processing in
semiconductor quantum dots, where electron-hole excitations (excitons) serve as
the computational degrees of freedom (qubits). We show that the strong dot
confinement leads to an overall enhancement of Coulomb correlations and to a
strong renormalization of the excitonic states, which can be exploited for
performing conditional and unconditional qubit operations.Comment: 5 pages revtex, 2 encapsulated postscript figures. Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication
Combined effects of tidal and rotational distortions on the equilibrium configuration of low-mass, pre-main sequence stars
In close binary systems, rotation and tidal forces of the component stars
deform each other and destroy their spherical symmetry. We present new models
for low-mass, pre-main sequence stars that include the combined distortion
effects of tidal and rotational forces on the equilibrium configuration of
stars. We investigate the effects of interaction between tides and rotation on
the stellar structure and evolution. The Kippenhahn & Thomas (1970)
approximation, along with the Clairaut-Legendre expansion for the gravitational
potential of a self-gravitating body, is used to take the distortion effects
into account. We obtained values of internal structure constants for low-mass,
pre-main sequence stars from stellar evolutionary models that consider the
combined effects of rotation and tidal forces due to a companion star. We also
derived a new expression for the rotational inertia of a tidally and
rotationally distorted star. Our distorted models were successfully used to
analyze the eclipsing binary system EK Cep, reproducing the stellar radii,
effective temperature ratio, lithium depletion, rotational velocities, and the
apsidal motion rate in the age interval of 15.5-16.7 Myr. In the low-mass
range, the assumption that harmonics greater than j=2 can be neglected seems
not to be fully justified, although it is widely used when analyzing the
apsidal motion of binary systems. The non-standard evolutionary tracks are
cooler than the standard ones, mainly for low-mass stars. Distorted models
predict more mass-concentrated stars at the zero-age main-sequence than
standard models
Behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia: Distinct phenotypes with unique functional profiles
Objective: To identify distinct behavioral phenotypes of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and elucidate differences in functional, neuroimaging, and progression to residential care placement. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with bvFTD were included in a cluster analysis applying levels of disinhibition and apathy (Cambridge Behavioural Inventory-Revised) to identify phenotypic subgroups. Between-group (Kruskal-Wallis; Mann-Whitney U) functional differences (Disability Assessment for Dementia), and time to residential care placement (survival analyses) were examined. Cortical thickness differences (whole brain MRI) were analyzed in bvFTD patients versus healthy controls (n=30) and between phenotypic subgroups. Results: Four phenotypic subgroups were identified: “Primary severe apathy” (n=26), “Severe apathy and disinhibition” (n=26), “Mild apathy and disinhibition” (n=27), “Primary severe disinhibition” (n= 9). Severely apathetic phenotypes were more functionally impaired and had more extensive brain atrophy than those with mild apathy or severe disinhibition alone. Further imaging analyses indicated that the right middle temporal region is critical for the development of disinhibition, an association that remains with disease progression and in the context of severe apathy. Finally, no difference in time to residential care admission was found between phenotypes. Conclusions: This study reveals that different clinical behavioral phenotypes of bvFTD have differing profiles of functional decline and distinct patterns of associated cortical changes. These findings emphasize the importance of apathy in functional impairment, highlight the role of the right temporal region in disinhibition and suggest that disability may be a sensitive outcome measure for treatments targeting reduction of apathy. These phenotypes could also support understanding of prognosis and clinical management
Optical excitations of a self assembled artificial ion
By use of magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy we demonstrate bias
controlled single-electron charging of a single quantum dot. Neutral, single,
and double charged excitons are identified in the optical spectra. At high
magnetic fields one Zeeman component of the single charged exciton is found to
be quenched, which is attributed to the competing effects of tunneling and
spin-flip processes. Our experimental data are in good agreement with
theoretical model calculations for situations where the spatial extent of the
hole wave functions is smaller as compared to the electron wave functions.Comment: to be published in Physical Review B (rapid communication
Non-gray rotating stellar models and the evolutionary history of the Orion Nebular Cluster
Rotational evolution in the pre-main sequence (PMS) is described with new
sets of PMS evolutionary tracks including rotation, non-gray boundary
conditions (BCs) and either low (LCE) or high convection efficiency (HCE).
Using observational data and our theoretical predictions, we aim at
constraining 1) the differences obtained for the rotational evolution of stars
within the ONC by means of these different sets of models; 2) the initial
angular momentum of low mass stars, by means of their templates in the ONC. We
discuss the reliability of current stellar models for the PMS. While the 2D
radiation hydrodynamic simulations predict HCE in PMS, semi-empirical
calibrations either seem to require that convection is less efficient in PMS
than in the following MS phase or are still contradictory. We derive stellar
masses and ages for the ONC by using both LCE and HCE. The resulting mass
distribution for the bulk of the ONC population is in the range 0.20.3
{\msun} for our non-gray models and in the range 0.10.3{\msun} for models
having gray BCs. In agreement with Herbst et al. (2002) we find that a large
percentage (70%) of low-mass stars (M\simlt 0.5{\msun} for LCE;
M\simlt0.35{\msun} for HCE) in the ONC appears to be fast rotators (P4days).
Three possibilities are open: 1) 70% of the ONC low mass stars lose their
disk at early evolutionary phases; 2)their locking period is shorter; 3) the
period evolution is linked to a different morphology of the magnetic fields of
the two groups of stars. We also estimate the range of initial angular momentum
consistent with the observed periods. The comparisons made indicate that a
second parameter is needed to describe convection in the PMS, possibly related
to the structural effect of a dynamo magnetic field.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
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