Ferramentas Visuais para o Ensino de Machine Learning na Educação Básica

Ensinar Machine Learning (ML) em escolas ajuda a preparar estudantes para lidar com questões sociais, econômicas e éticas do século 21. Isso requer ferramentas apropriadas a cada idade que permitem que os estudantes criem uma concepção abrangente de ML e sua aplicação. Desse modo, apresentamos um mapeamento de ferramentas visuais emergentes que ajudam a ensinar conceitos de ML na Educação Básica e caracterizamos as ferramentas em relação ao suporte para o desenvolvimento e deployment de modelos de ML em contextos educacionais. Os resultados podem ajudar designers instrucionais e instrutores a selecionar ferramentas apropriadas a fim de contribuir para a democratização de competências em ML

Dynamic redox conditions control late Ediacaran metazoan ecosystems in the Nama Group, Namibia

The first appearance of skeletal metazoans in the late Ediacaran (~550 million years ago; Ma) has been linked to the widespread development of oxygenated oceanic conditions, but a precise spatial and temporal reconstruction of their evolution has not been resolved. Here we consider the evolution of ocean chemistry from ~550 to ~541. Ma across shelf-to-basin transects in the Zaris and Witputs Sub-Basins of the Nama Group, Namibia. New carbon isotope data capture the final stages of the Shuram/Wonoka deep negative C-isotope excursion, and these are complemented with a reconstruction of water column redox dynamics utilising Fe-S-C systematics and the distribution of skeletal and soft-bodied metazoans. Combined, these inter-basinal datasets provide insight into the potential role of ocean redox chemistry during this pivotal interval of major biological innovation.The strongly negative δ13C values in the lower parts of the sections reflect both a secular, global change in the C-isotopic composition of Ediacaran seawater, as well as the influence of 'local' basinal effects as shown by the most negative δ13C values occurring in the transition from distal to proximal ramp settings. Critical, though, is that the transition to positive δ13C values postdates the appearance of calcified metazoans, indicating that the onset of biomineralization did not occur under post-excursion conditions.Significantly, we find that anoxic and ferruginous deeper water column conditions were prevalent during and after the transition to positive δ13C that marks the end of the Shuram/Wonoka excursion. Thus, if the C isotope trend reflects the transition to global-scale oxygenation in the aftermath of the oxidation of a large-scale, isotopically light organic carbon pool, it was not sufficient to fully oxygenate the deep ocean.Both sub-basins reveal highly dynamic redox structures, where shallow, inner ramp settings experienced transient oxygenation. Anoxic conditions were caused either by episodic upwelling of deeper anoxic waters or higher rates of productivity. These settings supported short-lived and monospecific skeletal metazoan communities. By contrast, microbial (thrombolite) reefs, found in deeper inner- and mid-ramp settings, supported more biodiverse communities with complex ecologies and large skeletal metazoans. These long-lived reef communities, as well as Ediacaran soft-bodied biotas, are found particularly within transgressive systems, where oxygenation was persistent. We suggest that a mid-ramp position enabled physical ventilation mechanisms for shallow water column oxygenation to operate during flooding and transgressive sea-level rise. Our data support a prominent role for oxygen, and for stable oxygenated conditions in particular, in controlling both the distribution and ecology of Ediacaran skeletal metazoan communities

Neoproterozoic to Cambrian (Namibian) rocks of South Africa: a geochronological and geotectonic review

The Namibian Erathem in South Africa is defined by lower and upper age limits of 900 Ma and 570 Ma and therefore includes most of the Neoproterozoic Erathem. This time bracket incorporates the Pan-African Gariep and Saldania mobile belts as well as some preceding intrusions in the Richtersveld. The upper age limit is surpassed by continuous post-orogenic granite intrusion up to about 500 Ma and deposition in the Nama foreland basin up to about 530 Ma. These rocks are therefore also discussed. An analysis of all existing age data on these rocks reflect polyorogenic and polymagmatic histories related to collisional events for both the Gariep and Saldania Belts that are comparable to that of the Damara Belt in Namibia and other Pan-African belts in Africa and South America. The Pan-African tectonic cycle in South Africa (±650 Ma - 500 Ma) also led to partial resetting of older basement rocks along the so-called West Coast Belt. © 1993.Articl

Sense of deservingness: What are the entitlement beliefs of students in their anticipatory psychological contract?

Without taking the entitlement beliefs and reasons therefore into account when examining the psychological contract of an individual, a full view on the psychological contract and its expected consequences cannot be achieved. Therefore the purpose of the paper was to explore and substantiate themes associated with perceived entitlements and utilise this information to develop a structural model of the anticipatory psychological contract. The findings suggests that there are certain factors that determine an individual’s entitlement beliefs, and in turn that individual’s entitlement beliefs will influence the level of expectation of that individual regarding future employment. By fully comprehending the effects of the entitlement beliefs on the anticipatory psychological contract of prospective employees the organisation may minimise the occurrence of psychological breach or violation, which may decrease new employee turnover

Creating Software Process Capability/Maturity Models

A seeming multitude of software process capability/maturity models (SPCMMs) have emerged, and many software engineers have had to worry about compliance with them at one time or another. Although using SPCMMs is a well-established practice, the ways they're used can vary widely. At best, they can pull together vast bodies of knowledge about good software practices-the hard-won expertise of many engineers-into a form that's easier to work with. At worst, they're misused as "processes for process' sake," in which conforming to the model stifles opportunities for innovation and tailoring. If software engineers had better knowledge about how SPCMMs are developed and the basis of their recommendations, they might be able to interpret and use them to optimize their benefits. We therefore studied these issues in a systematic literature review and follow-on questionnaire