AYNEC: All you need for evaluating completion techniques in knowledge graphs

The popularity of knowledge graphs has led to the development of techniques to refine them and increase their quality. One of the main refinement tasks is completion (also known as link prediction for knowledge graphs), which seeks to add missing triples to the graph, usually by classifying potential ones as true or false. While there is a wide variety of graph completion techniques, there is no standard evaluation setup, so each proposal is evaluated using different datasets and metrics. In this paper we present AYNEC, a suite for the evaluation of knowledge graph completion techniques that covers the entire evaluation workflow. It includes a customisable tool for the generation of datasets with multiple variation points related to the preprocessing of graphs, the splitting into training and testing examples, and the generation of negative examples. AYNEC also provides a visual summary of the graph and the optional exportation of the datasets in an open format for their visualisation. We use AYNEC to generate a library of datasets ready to use for evaluation purposes based on several popular knowledge graphs. Finally, it includes a tool that computes relevant metrics and uses significance tests to compare each pair of techniques. These open source tools, along with the datasets, are freely available to the research community and will be maintained.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-75394-

Soil and water pollution in a banana production region in tropical Mexico

The effects of abundant Mancozeb (Mn, Zn— bisdithiocarbamate) applications (2.5 kg ha-1week-1 for 10 years) on soil and surface-, subsurface- and groundwater pollution were monitored in a banana production region of tropical Mexico. In soils, severe manganese accumulation was observed, wheras the main metabolite ethylenethiourea was near the detection limit. Surface and subsurface water was highly polluted with ethylenethiourea, the main metabolite of Mancozeb (22.5 and 4.3 lg L-1, respectively), but not with manganese. In deep ground water, no ethylenethiourea was detected. The level of pollution in the region presents a worrisome risk for aquatic life and for human health

Exploring the potential of conventional and flash pyrolysis methods for the valorisation of grape seed and chestnut shell biomass from agri-food industry waste

Producción CientíficaResidual biomass is a valuable and growing by-product, but often underutilized. This research aims to investigate the possible strategies for the energetic valorisation of agri-food industry wastes: grape seed and chestnut shell. Pyrolysis thermal process was the selected for this work. Applied to biomass, pyrolysis is a promising method for the simultaneous production of biochar, bio-oil, and gas. Two different pyrolysis processes were conducted: conventional pyrolysis at 750 °C and flash pyrolysis at 750 °C and 850 °C. Flash pyrolysis yielded superior product properties compared to conventional pyrolysis. The gas obtained through flash pyrolysis presented a four-fold higher high heating value due to increased CH4 and H2 content. Bio-oil contains over 90% of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and calorific value reached up to 32 MJ kg−1 for grape seed, which is 7% more than bioethanol HHV. Biochar can be used both as fuel or as activated carbon precursor due to its high carbon content (91%). Calorific value of chestnut shell biochar (32.7 MJ kg−1), comparable to mineral coals, increased by 72% with respect to the value of this untreated raw material. This work approved the potential of flash pyrolysis as a method to process biomass wastes in a renewable energy scenario.FICYT - Fundación Fomento Asturias Investigación - FEDER (AYUD/2021/51379)Agencia Española de Investigación (PDC2022-133394-I00 y PID2021-124347OB-I00

Efectos de la adición de diferentes niveles de forraje verde sobre el comportamiento alimentario de carneros alimentados con caña de azúcar

Feeding behavior response in sheep fed with sugar cane and their adaptation response to different green forage levels are dis- cussed. Six adult male creole sheep (average body weigh 40-45 kg) confined to metabolism cages were fed with 4 different ex- perimental diets. Two control animals were supplied a chopped hay diet to eliminate environmental effects by an incomplete Latin squares design animals were submitted to four rotational diets: sugar cane ad libitum (A) and combined with three levels of green forage at rates of 2,5 (B); 5,0 (C), and 7,5 (D) kg per 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed once a day (9 a.m.) and water was ad libitum supplied. Star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) was the green forage and hay included in these diets. Every sugar cane diet was supplemented with an activating nitrogen component (SNA-70) at a rate of 1,5 g/kg of body weight. Feeding behavior com- ponents, its circadian distribution, and chewing effort were discussed. Results showed that using sugar cane as forage significantly decreased ingestion and rumination times, as well as dry matter consumption level, but it increased resting time, water intake ad libitum, and chewing effort. Combining sugar cane with green forage improved feeding behavioral indexes as green forage intake increased.Se estudió la respuesta comportamental alimentaria en carneros alimentados con caña de azúcar como forraje y la respuesta conductual adaptativa ante diferentes niveles de forraje verde. Seis carneros machos adultos Pelibuey (peso promedio de 40 a 45 kg) alojados en jaulas de metabolismo, fueron alimentados con 4 dietas experimentales. Dos animales permanecieron como con- troles en una dieta de heno troceado para eliminar el efecto ambiente. En un diseño cuadrado latino incompleto, los animales rotaron por 4 dietas: caña de azúcar ad libitum (A) y combinada con tres niveles de forraje verde a razón de 2,5 (B), 5,0 (C) y 7,5 (D) kg por 100 kg de masa corporal (MC). El alimento se ofertó en una comida al día (9:00 a.m.) y los animales dispusieron de agua a voluntad. Tanto el forraje verde como el heno eran de pasto estrella (Cynodon nlemfuensis) y todas las dietas con caña recibieron suplemento nitrogenado activador (SNA-70) a razón de 1,5 g/kg de MC. Se estudiaron los componentes de la conducta alimentaria y su distribución circadiana así como el trabajo masticatorio. Los resultados muestran que la alimentación a partir de caña de azúcar troceada como forraje deprime los tiempos de ingestión y rumia con fuerte incremento del tiempo de reposo, redu- ce el nivel de consumo de materia seca (MS), incrementa el consumo de agua, que debe ofertarse a voluntad, y aumenta el trabajo masticatorio. La combinación de la alimentación de caña con forraje verde incrementa el consumo de MS de la caña al tiempo que mejora los indicadores comportamentales a medida que aumenta el nivel de oferta del forraje

Diet of Hyphessobrycon auca (Pisces, characidae) in Iberá Wetland (Northeastern, Argentina)

Hyphessobrycon auca Almirón, Casciotta, Bechara & Ruiz Díaz, 2004, inhabit small lakes located at the northwest of Iberá wetland in Argentina. This research describes sorne aspects of its feeding. Samples were collected from its type locality from 2007 to 2009. Analysis of 70 digestive tracts of individuals ranging from 24 to 56 mm standard length (SL) showed that higher plants, algae, and quironomids larvae dominated the diet in terms of relative volume and occurrence frequency. Therefore, this species was characterized as omnivorous, but there was a growing trend towards herbivory when size class incremed. Smaller size class (< 35 mm SL) fed on higher proportion of animal preys such as quironomids larvae and protozoans, in contrast to larger ones who consumed almost exclusively plants and algae

Evaluación de diferentes técnicas para efectuar el diagnóstico precoz de gestación en bovinos productores de leche.

Se evaluaron tres métodos para efectuar el diagnóstico precoz: de gestación, con objeto de determinar cuál es el que menos pérdidas embrionarias produce. Las técnicas estudiadas fueron: Palpaciones de a) membranas fatales, b) vesícula amniótica y c) cotiledones y feto. El estudio fue realizado en 250 vacas de la raza Holstein, las cuales fueron distribuidas al azar en 3 grupos experimentales. En los dos primeros la exploración rectal se hizo entre los 30-39 y 40-49 días de no retorno al estro después del último servicio. En ambos lotes el criterio para diagnosticar gestación fue la palpación de las membranas fetales y la vesícula amniótica. En el tercer grupo el examen rectal se hizo entre los 60-69 días de no retorno al estro, determinándose la gestación mediante la palpación de los cotiledones y feto. No se encontró diferencia significativa (P>0.05), cuando se compararon individualmente y en conjunto las palpaciones de 30-39 y 40-49 días de membranas fetales y vesícula amniótica, respectivamente. Tampoco hubo diferencia significativa cuando se compararon los datos de las palpaciones de membranas de vesícula contra las palpaciones de cotiledones y feto

Geminivirus replication protein decreases PCNA sumoylation at two acceptor sites

Geminiviruses are plant viruses with circular, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes that infect a broad range of plants causing substantial crop diseases worldwide. They replicate in nuclei of infected cells by using host DNA replication machinery and an essential protein encoded in their genome designated Rep (replication-associated protein). This multifunctional protein induces the accumulation of the host factors involved in replication and it is capable of interacting with a lot of plant proteins including PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), a processivity factor that coordinates a wide range of processes involved in maintenance, duplication and transmission of the genome, and the sumoylation enzyme that conjugates SUMO to target proteins (SUMO-conjugating enzyme- SCE). PCNA modification by SUMO, and also ubiquitin, has long been known to be of key importance for determining how DNA damage is processed by the replisome and for maintenance of overall genome integrity. In yeast, PCNA sumoylation has been associated to DNA repair involving homologous recombination (HR). Previously, we reported that Rep ectopic expression does not result in broad changes in the sumoylation pattern of plant cells, but it modifies the sumoylation state of selected host proteins. In this work, we show, using a reconstituted sumoylation system in Escherichia coli, that tomato PCNA is sumoylated at two residues, K254 and K164, and that co-expression of the Rep protein suppresses PCNA sumoylation at these lysines. Finally, we confirm that PCNA is sumoylated and that Rep also interferes with PCNA sumoylation in planta.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec