GIS analysis for the design of a touristic product: locating the highest village and municipality of Spain

Existe un turismo geográfico, que busca visitar puntos destacados en el relieve, ríos o fronteras. Sin embargo, algunos de esos puntos muy renombrados no escapan al error. Dos localidades se han disputado el título de ser la más elevada de España. El presente estudio hace uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica para resolver esta cuestión. Aplicación que ha permitido demostrar que Valdelinares (Teruel) es el pueblo de mayor altitud de España y Trevélez (Granada), el municipio, justo al contrario de lo que hacen gala las placas situadas a la entrada de sus respectivos núcleos urbanos.There is a form of geographic tourism, intended to visit main points in the relief, rivers or borders. Nevertheless, some of these very famous places are not immune to error. Two settlements have disputed the award of being the highest in Spain. This study makes use of Geographic Information Systems to solve this issue. Furthermore, this research aims to demonstrate that Valdelinares (Teruel) is the highest village in Spain and Trevélez (Granada), the highest municipality, just the opposite of what they show at the entrance to their respective urban centres

Climate Warming in the Spanish Mediterranean: Its Magnitude and Nature

This piece of research completes the line of work on the thermal evolution of the Mediterranean region initiated in the National Plan on Climate Change. The study was undertaken to analyse the active regional thermal series over the 1950–1996 period, rigorously treated by the SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) method. This research concluded that the evolution of the mean annual temperatures recorded in the major historical network of Spanish Mediterranean observatories exhibits a significant warming trend. However, analysis of the non-climatic processes, such as the urban effect and weather station relocations, allowed us to conclude (in a study published in 2004) that the assumption of temperature stability in the Spanish Mediterranean should therefore not be rejected. Conclusions that were partially verified in 2016, in particular of the true the urban effect, about the period (1950-2013). The results obtained showed that this magnitude could account for between 70 and 80% of the recorded warming trend in Western Mediterranean cities. In this context, twenty years after the end of the Plan Nacional del Clima, it would be wise to revisit, in 2019, the validity of the conclusions that the regional climate offered. This piece of research aims to assess the true magnitude of the climate warming recorded in the Spanish Mediterranean region. The evaluation is based on the records of 23 observatories belonging to the Spanish regional network of the State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), with complete series covering the 1950–2018 period, processed by the SNHT. The verification is further based on three new analyses. The first involves the analysis of the thermal evolution (1906-1925 and 1991-2018) at the observatory on the Columbretes Islands (28 miles off the coast of Castellón). The island climate series entails in-depth revision of the conclusions and trends set out in our previous studies. The second piece of research involves the magnitude of the Urban Heat Island (UHI, 2001–2018) using temperature records from seven weather stations located in the Castellón-Almassora urban area. The third piece of research was based on the analysis of a trend value that has stabilized since 2010, simultaneously to the decline of the population and the descent of total energy consumption. Therefore, this piece of work verifies the importance of the UHI and establishes the magnitude of the real t regional warming. The study suggests that the real value of climate warming in the Spanish Mediterranean region may be estimated at between 1ºC and 1.1ºC in the period from 1950 to 2018

Climatological normals in the observatory of Jaime I University (2003-2012).

El Observatorio Meteorológico de la Universitat Jaume I inicia sus registros a finales del año 2002 y desde entonces viene cumpliendo una de las más genuinas tradiciones universitarias: los observatorios meteorológicos. La publicación de la serie de observaciones hasta 2012 viene a cubrir la primera década de observaciones en el actual emplazamiento del campus universitario. Ello permite caracterizar con cierto rigor el comportamiento climático de la primera década del siglo XXI. Un comienzo secular que es analizado con notable circunspección a tenor de las predicciones del IPCC sobre un cambio climático y que hacen de nuestra región mediterránea una de las más vulnerables a sus impactos hídricos.The Automatic Weather Station of the University Jaume I began its records in late 2002 and since then has fulfilled one of the most genuine academic traditions: the meteorological observatories. The publication of the series of observations to 2012 comes to covering the first decade of observations in the present location of the campus. This feature allows rigorously characterize the climatic behavior of the first decade of the century. These records are analyzed with considerable circumspection because of the predictions of the IPCC on climate change which make our Mediterranean region one of the most vulnerable to its impacts on water resources

Significant Climatic Warming (1950–2013) in the Spanish Mediterranean: Natural Trend or Urban Heat Island (UHI)

This investigation completes the line of work on the thermal evolution of the Mediterranean region (Murcia and Valencia regions) in the National Plan on Climate Change. The study was undertaken to analyse the active regional thermal series over the 1950–1999 period, rigorously treated by the SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) method. In this context, fifteen years later, it was considered judicious to verify the validity of the trends and conclusions that the regional climate offered at the end of the 20th century. The objectives of this study are twofold: the verification of the Significant Climate Warming in the Spanish Mediterranean concluded in the National Plan on Climate Change (1950-1999) and the evaluation of the importance that the Urban Heat Island (UHI) has on the warming process. Within the context of the thermal evolution of the region over the 1950–2013 period, this verification has been supported by an experimental research plan aimed at analysing the thermal processes inherent to the urbanisation effect. Although the effect is undeniable, its importance is a matter of controversy. The results obtained have shown both the nature of the phenomenon and its significant magnitude. This magnitude could account for between 70 and 80% of the recorded warming trend in Western Mediterranean cities. Therefore, failure to take this process into account might seriously bias any analysis of regional thermal evolution, the main aim of this study and an aim that equally affects the hypothesis of global climate changePartially funded through grants CGL2007-29820-E/CLI, CGL2008-02804-E/, CGL2009-07417-E and CGL2011-14046-E of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Normales climáticas en el observatorio de la Universitat Jaume I (2003-2008)

The Meteorological Observatory of the Universitat Jaume I began its records in late 2002 and despite its youth, it allows glimpse some very significant climatic features.El Observatorio Meteorológico de la Universitat Jaume I inicia sus registros a finales de 2002 y a pesar de su juventud ya permite atisbar algunos rasgos climáticos muy significativos

Resultados preliminares del Plan Experimental de Observaciones Térmicas en la Comunidad Valenciana (2000-2004)

El presente estudio ofrece los resultados preliminares de un plan experimental cuyo objetivo es comparar la evolución térmica de observatorios urbanos con la registrada en observatorios ubicados en áreas poco afectadas por la actividad humana. Los resultados preliminares de este plan, referidos l quinquenio 2000-2004, han permitido poner de manifiesto la existencia de un evidente efecto térmico de urbanización que puede estar enmascarado las series de temperaturas en los observatorios históricos

¿Está el clima mediterráneo sujeto a ciclos?: interacciones energéticas entre la temperatura del Atlántico norte y la ciclogénesis mediterránea

Ponencia presentada en: X Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Alicante entre el 5 y el 8 de octubre de 2016.[ES]Este estudio tiene por objetivo esencial el responder a una de las más inquietantes cuestiones que actualmente se plantean a la Climatología mediterránea: ¿Está nuestro clima regional sujeto a ciclos?. Un objetivo básico que se fundamenta, inicialmente, en el análisis de las teleconexiones energéticas observadas entre el campo térmico del Atlántico N (SST y observatorios subpolares) y la ciclogénesis de la cuenca occidental del Mediterráneo. Ciclogénesis activada mediante el drenaje del aire frío polar sobre las cálidas aguas de la cuenca occidental del Mediterráneo. Una cuenca donde la resonancia del NAOi, ha sido puesta en cuestión.[EN]The objective of this study is essentially to respond to one of the most troubling questions currently being asked of Mediterranean Climatology: Is our regional climate subject to cycles? An authentic research challenge given the predictions of the latest Report, Fifth Assessment (IPCC WGI AR5, 2013-2014), on the highly vulnerable water resources in our Mediterranean region. This basic objective is based initially on the analysis of the teleconnections observed between the North Atlantic thermal field (SST, sea surface temperature, and subpolar observatories) and the cylclogenesis of the Western Mediterranean basin. A cyclogenesis activated by the draining of cold polar air over the warm waters of the Western Mediterranean basin, where the resonance of the NAOi (the pressure index in the North Atlantic), has been brought into question. Indeed, the basin orographic configuration, where the Mediterranean systems have for now a strong angular momentum transfer over the surrounding mountains (Egger and Hoinka, 2008) and an extraordinarily convective sea bed, define what is a very autarkic zone

Teleconnections between the North Atlantic SST and Mediterranean rainfall

This work analyzes the energy teleconnections observed between Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and the cyclogenesis of the western Mediterranean basin. The basin has a high edge and in its central part there is a warm and evaporating sea that is crucial for energy exchanges that are key for its autarkic climatology. This could be the reason for not having observed any signification in the teleconnections between Mediterranean rainfalls and the North Atlantic Oscillation index. However, the energy deficits registered in the polar oceanic basins seem to be the trigger of the Mediterranean cyclogenetic activity through the draining of polar cold air over the warm Mediterranean waters. Simultaneously, the latent heat included in Mediterranean cyclogenesis is injected and diffused in high circulation to restore the hemispheric thermal balance. These processes have been systematically analyzed since 1981, when the registers of the sea university station started to show the intensity of air-sea interactions in the western Mediterranean basin

Normales climáticas en el observatorio de la Universitat Jaume I (2003-2006)

L’article presenta una anàlisi dels registres de l’Observatori Universitari des de 2003, una completa estació Casella, model Cell, que aporta valors de radiació solar, temperatures, precipitacions, pressió atmosfèrica, humitat relativa, evaporació i règim de vents. Alhora, compara els resultats amb l’observatori de l’INM, siti a Almassora, que aporta la mitjana climàtica de la ciutat de Castelló.The article presents the analysis of data obtained from the University Observatory since 2003, a complete Casella monitoring station which provides data of solar radiation, temperatures, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, evaporation and wind regime. It also compares the results with the INM Observatory, located in Almazora, which provides the average data of the climate in the city of Castellón.El artículo presenta un análisis de los registros del Observatorio Universitario desde 2003, una completa estación Casella, modelo Cell que aporta valores de radiación solar, temperaturas, precipitaciones, presión atmosférica, humedad relativa, evaporación y régimen de vientos. Al tiempo compara los resultados con el observatorio del INM, sito en Almazora, que aporta el promedio climático de la ciudad de Castellón

Water resources in Mijares-La Plana river system

La Cuenca del Mijares, en el extremo septentrional del Sistema Hidrológico del Júcar, constituye un excepcional ámbito para el estudio de los problemas que plantea la planificación y gestión de los recursos hídricos de la vertiente mediterránea. Al incremento histórico de los regadíos se han sumado el aumento demográfico y el crecimiento industrial, especialmente en la Comarca de La Plana. El presente trabajo desarrolla una metodología para calcular los distintos componentes del balance hídrico y concluir si los recursos satisfacen las necesidades actuales y qué ocurrirá en caso de acontecer un cambio futuro.Mijares Basin, at the northern end of Jucar Hydrological System, is an exceptional area to study the problems of planning and management of water resources in the Mediterranean area. The historical increase in irrigation has joined the increasing population and industrial growth, especially in the area of La Plana. This paper develops a methodology for calculating the components of water balance and conclude whether the resources meet current needs and will happen if a future change events