Il Ministro di culto nella giurisprudenza penale

Contributo richiesto dal Direttor

Il dubbio e il paradigma penalistico della certezza. Una ricognizione di problemi

Il dubbio è per la giustizia penale il criterio regolatore del paradigma cognitivo del garantismo, che richiede conformità alla legge e verificabilità empirica. Presuppone l’idea di verità come corrispondenza e l’uso scettico dell’idea di verità. Ha a che fare, in modi diversi, sia con l’ermeneutica giuridica e con giudizi di valore, sia con i giudizi di fatto.Doubt is for criminal justice the regulatory criterion of the cognitive paradigm of guarantism, which requires compliance with the law and empirical verifiability. It presupposes the idea of truth as correspondence and the skeptical use of the idea of truth. It has to do, in different ways, both with legal hermeneutics and with value judgements, and with factual judgements.Parole chiave / Keywords: dubbio, verità, legalità, valori / doubt, truth, legality, values

Alle origini del ruolo di mediazione del notaio

The essay makes a chronological recognition of mediation in Roman law: starting with the prevailing role of the negotiating formalism in the archaic age we then find, in the classical age, different figures of mediators, and then arrive, in the postclassical and Justinian age, to the creation of a system of rules for drafting documents. Each of these ages is characterized by a different balance between the will of the parties, the function of mediation and the intervention of witnesses.Il contributo compie una ricognizione cronologica della mediazione nel diritto romano: dal ruolo prevalente del formalismo negoziale dell’età arcaica si passa all’emersione, nell’età classica, di diverse figure di mediatori, per poi giungere, in epoca postclassica e giustinianea, alla definizione di un sistema di regole di redazione dei documenti. Ciascuna di queste epoche è caratterizzata da un diverso equilibrio tra volontà delle parti, funzione della mediazione e intervento dei testimoni

Diluted porcine surfactant lung lavages in children with severe ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by damage to the arteriolar-capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium that leads to surfactant deficiency and atelectasis. Alveolar collapse and pulmonary edema will further induce surfactant inactivation. Surfactant supplementation has been suggested but results are unpredictable. Poor response may be due to inhibition of administered surfactant by plasma components filling the alveolar space, severity of lung injury, time of surfactant application and inadequate dose. We report the course of gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics after instillation of surfactant in 14 children (3 months-7 years) with severe ARDS, defined as an oxygenation index (OI) > 30 and a partial pressure of oxygen/ fraction of Inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) <150 . We used a diluted concentration of Curosurf (8 mg/ml) divided into 4 aliquots, for a total dose of 25 mg/kg. An additional aliquot was used for bronchoalveolar lavage before surfactant treatment. All children showed a dramatic response to surfactant with rapid and progressive increase in compliance and improvement of all respiratory mechanics. Mechanical ventilation settings were rapidly reduced and gas exchange improved with a PaO2/FiO2 >200 for more than 12 hours. Diluted surfactant lung lavages were able to increase blood gas exchange in all our patients despite previously severe gas exchange impairment

Diluted porcine surfactant lung lavages in children with severe ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by damage to the arteriolar-capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium that leads to surfactant deficiency and atelectasis. Alveolar collapse and pulmonary edema will further induce surfactant inactivation. Surfactant supplementation has been suggested but results are unpredictable. Poor response may be due to inhibition of administered surfactant by plasma components filling the alveolar space, severity of lung injury, time of surfactant application and inadequate dose. We report the course of gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics after instillation of surfactant in 14 children (3 months-7 years) with severe ARDS, defined as an oxygenation index (OI) > 30 and a partial pressure of oxygen/ fraction of Inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) <150 . We used a diluted concentration of Curosurf (8 mg/ml) divided into 4 aliquots, for a total dose of 25 mg/kg. An additional aliquot was used for bronchoalveolar lavage before surfactant treatment. All children showed a dramatic response to surfactant with rapid and progressive increase in compliance and improvement of all respiratory mechanics. Mechanical ventilation settings were rapidly reduced and gas exchange improved with a PaO2/FiO2 >200 for more than 12 hours. Diluted surfactant lung lavages were able to increase blood gas exchange in all our patients despite previously severe gas exchange impairment

The Absence of the Verumontanum at Voiding Cystourethrography as a Sign of Prostate Maldevelopment

Prostate maldevelopment in prune-belly syndrome has only been described at necropsy. No reports are available in the “in vivo” studies. The absence of the verumontanum at voiding cystourethrography correlates with verumontanum and prostate hypoplasia. This radiographic sign can represent the earliest finding in prostate maldevelopment and might contribute to the “in vivo” assessment of the disease, especially in doubtful cases

Interleukin and neurotrophin up-regulation correlates with severity of H1N1 infection in children: a case–control study

Summary Objective To evaluate the correlation between cytokine and neurotrophin expression and clinical findings, disease severity, and outcome of children with H1N1 influenza infection. Methods A prospective observational clinical study was performed on 15 children with H1N1 infection, 15 controls with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and 15 non-infected children. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and neurotrophic factor (nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)) were measured using immunoenzymatic assays. Results Significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, BDNF, and NGF were detected in patients with H1N1 infection compared to LRTI controls, while there was no significant variation in GDNF in the two groups. IL-1β, IL-6, BDNF, and NGF levels were significantly higher in H1N1 patients with more severe clinical manifestations compared to H1N1 patients with mild clinical manifestations. Of note, IL-6 was significantly correlated with the severity of respiratory compromise and fever, while NGF up-regulation was associated with the duration of cough. No correlation was found between interleukin and neurotrophic factor expression and outcome. Conclusions H1N1 infection induces an early and significant IL-1β, IL-6, BDNF, and NGF up-regulation. The over-expression of these molecular markers is likely to play a neuroimmunomodulatory role in H1N1 infection and may contribute to airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-reactivity in infected children

Tainted law? The Italian Penal Code, fascism and democracy

Author's draft. Final version Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011. Available online at http://journals.cambridge.org/The current Italian Penal Code is the direct descendant of the 1930 Rocco Code. Originally a hybrid of authoritarian and liberal elements, but revised and reinterpreted in the post-war Republic, the Code was nevertheless introduced under the Fascists and has not been definitively reformed or renamed. Given such roots, this article argues that the Code’s legitimacy can be questioned by considering the significance of the Fascist past in terms of the Code’s symbolic, contextually narrative and memorial dimensions. On this basis the article develops a concept of tainted law in order to ground and direct analysis of law in relation to the anti-democratic past, arguing that critical engagement with the connections between law and the darker episodes of twentieth-century politico-legal history is vital to the construction and conservation of democratic legal systems today