Oxidation technology as a decorative coating in the artistic treatment of metal

The task set for this paper is view the process of oxidation on high temperatures during the creation of products of art. The result of the author's analysis shows that said technique could be used in artistic purposes, showcasing the advantages and disadvantages of said method

CTCF mediates chromatin looping via N-terminal domain-dependent cohesin retention

The DNA-binding protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and the cohesin complex function together to shape chromatin architecture in mammalian cells, but the molecular details of this process remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a 79-aa region within the CTCF N terminus is essential for cohesin positioning at CTCF binding sites and chromatin loop formation. However, the N terminus of CTCF fused to artificial zinc fingers was not sufficient to redirect cohesin to non-CTCF binding sites, indicating a lack of an autonomously functioning domain in CTCF responsible for cohesin positioning. BORIS (CTCFL), a germline-specific paralog of CTCF, was unable to anchor cohesin to CTCF DNA binding sites. Furthermore, CTCF-BORIS chimeric constructs provided evidence that, besides the N terminus of CTCF, the first two CTCF zinc fingers, and likely the 3D geometry of CTCF-DNA complexes, are also involved in cohesin retention. Based on this knowledge, we were able to convert BORIS into CTCF with respect to cohesin positioning, thus providing additional molecular details of the ability of CTCF to retain cohesin. Taken together, our data provide insight into the process by which DNA-bound CTCF constrains cohesin movement to shape spatiotemporal genome organization

The Porous Structure of Copper-cadmium Oxide System Prepared by AC Electrochemical Synthesis

The porous structure of nanoparticles of copper-cadmium oxide system prepared by AC electrochemical synthesis in sodium chloride with a concentration of 3, 15, 25 wt. % has been studied. The obtained data indicate that at a higher current density and sodium chloride concentration of 3% wt. in the electrochemical oxidation of cadmium and copper products are formed with the structure of mesopores and channels. In this case, the specific surface area has the greatest value (19.4 m{2}/g) and a maximum pore volume (0.0778 cm{3}/g). Thus, the obtained data allow predicting the operating parameters of the electrolysis to obtain a copper - cadmium oxide system of a predetermined porous structure

Studying the structure and adhesion strength of thermal barrier coating

The structure and adhesive strength of thermal barrier coatings produced by successive deposition of layers is studied. The coating is applied in three layers: I) a diffusion aluminosilicide coating that provides protection against high temperature oxidation and corrosion, with a thickness of 50μm; ii) a metal sublayer providing a smooth transition from a metal coating to a ceramic one, with a thickness of 100 to 120μm; iii) a ceramic layer decreasing the temperature of the blades during operation, with a thickness of 70 to 100μm. The total coating thickness ranges from 0.17 to 0.27mm. It is shown that the second and third layers deposited by plasma spraying are quite dense, the porosity being less than 5 vol%. During tensile tests carried out on an Instron testing machine, the failure of glued samples was always detected in the adhesive joint. The adhesive strength of the applied epoxy-based adhesive was 12MPa; it can be stated that the adhesive strength of the coating is higher than 12MPa. © 2019 Author(s)

Expression of the CTCF-paralogous cancer-testis gene, brother of the regulator of imprinted sites (BORIS), is regulated by three alternative promoters modulated by CpG methylation and by CTCF and p53 transcription factors

BORIS, like other members of the ‘cancer/testis antigen’ family, is normally expressed in testicular germ cells and repressed in somatic cells, but is aberrantly activated in cancers. To understand regulatory mechanisms governing human BORIS expression, we characterized its 5′-flanking region. Using 5′ RACE, we identified three promoters, designated A, B and C, corresponding to transcription start sites at −1447, −899 and −658 bp upstream of the first ATG. Alternative promoter usage generated at least five alternatively spliced BORIS mRNAs with different half-lives determined by varying 5′-UTRs. In normal testis, BORIS is transcribed from all three promoters, but 84% of the 30 cancer cell lines tested used only promoter(s) A and/or C while the others utilized primarily promoters B and C. The differences in promoter usage between normal and cancer cells suggested that they were subject to differential regulation. We found that DNA methylation and functional p53 contributes to the negative regulation of each promoter. Moreover, reduction of CTCF in normally BORIS-negative human fibroblasts resulted in derepression of BORIS promoters. These results provide a mechanistic basis for understanding cancer-related associations between haploinsufficiency of CTCF and BORIS derepression, and between the lack of functional p53 and aberrant activation of BORIS

Application of a matrix of BKG in an assessment of a market line item of the company

© Medwell Journals, 2017. In study development of approach to carrying out the portfolio analysis in an assessment of a market line item of the company allowing to expand analytical ensuring adoption of strategic decisions for the account of an external environment of the company reveals. Development of the portfolio analysis was carried out from a line item of a priority of strategic reference points of management as necessary condition of implementation of effective production business activities of the entities in modern conditions. Application of the portfolio analysis assumes an assessment and the analysis of external and internal environment of the entity and also use of analytical methods in implementation process of strategy in single system of indicators that is necessary in case of adoption of the strategic decision and touches on issues of integration of traditional methods of management into single process of strategic management. Matrix of BKG (BCG Matrix) the tool of the strategic portfolio analysis of a market position of goods, the companies and divisions proceeding from their market growth and the occupied share in the market. Such tool as a matrix of BKG finds broad application both in management and in marketing and in other spheres of economy now (and not only)

Comparative analyses of CTCF and BORIS occupancies uncover two distinct classes of CTCF binding genomic regions.

BackgroundCTCF and BORIS (CTCFL), two paralogous mammalian proteins sharing nearly identical DNA binding domains, are thought to function in a mutually exclusive manner in DNA binding and transcriptional regulation.ResultsHere we show that these two proteins co-occupy a specific subset of regulatory elements consisting of clustered CTCF binding motifs (termed 2xCTSes). BORIS occupancy at 2xCTSes is largely invariant in BORIS-positive cancer cells, with the genomic pattern recapitulating the germline-specific BORIS binding to chromatin. In contrast to the single-motif CTCF target sites (1xCTSes), the 2xCTS elements are preferentially found at active promoters and enhancers, both in cancer and germ cells. 2xCTSes are also enriched in genomic regions that escape histone to protamine replacement in human and mouse sperm. Depletion of the BORIS gene leads to altered transcription of a large number of genes and the differentiation of K562 cells, while the ectopic expression of this CTCF paralog leads to specific changes in transcription in MCF7 cells.ConclusionsWe discover two functionally and structurally different classes of CTCF binding regions, 2xCTSes and 1xCTSes, revealed by their predisposition to bind BORIS. We propose that 2xCTSes play key roles in the transcriptional program of cancer and germ cells

NEDD9 Stabilizes Focal Adhesions, Increases Binding to the Extra-Cellular Matrix and Differentially Effects 2D versus 3D Cell Migration

The speed of cell migration on 2-dimensional (2D) surfaces is determined by the rate of assembly and disassembly of clustered integrin receptors known as focal adhesions. Different modes of cell migration that have been described in 3D environments are distinguished by their dependence on integrin-mediated interactions with the extra-cellular matrix. In particular, the mesenchymal invasion mode is the most dependent on focal adhesion dynamics. The focal adhesion protein NEDD9 is a key signalling intermediary in mesenchymal cell migration, however whether NEDD9 plays a role in regulating focal adhesion dynamics has not previously been reported. As NEDD9 effects on 2D migration speed appear to depend on the cell type examined, in the present study we have used mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) from mice in which the NEDD9 gene has been depleted (NEDD9 −/− MEFs). This allows comparison with effects of other focal adhesion proteins that have previously been demonstrated using MEFs. We show that focal adhesion disassembly rates are increased in the absence of NEDD9 expression and this is correlated with increased paxillin phosphorylation at focal adhesions. NEDD9−/− MEFs have increased rates of migration on 2D surfaces, but conversely, migration of these cells is significantly reduced in 3D collagen gels. Importantly we show that myosin light chain kinase is activated in 3D in the absence of NEDD9 and is conversely inhibited in 2D cultures. Measurement of adhesion strength reveals that NEDD9−/− MEFs have decreased adhesion to fibronectin, despite upregulated α5β1 fibronectin receptor expression. We find that β1 integrin activation is significantly suppressed in the NEDD9−/−, suggesting that in the absence of NEDD9 there is decreased integrin receptor activation. Collectively our data suggest that NEDD9 may promote 3D cell migration by slowing focal adhesion disassembly, promoting integrin receptor activation and increasing adhesion force to the ECM

Economic feasibility of corporate structure creation

© International Economic Society. The development of a modern region economic system is determined not only by natural and climatic conditions and resource opportunities, but also by the entrepreneurship and the efficiency of corporate structure activities, whose man-agement mechanism ensures the realization of the economic potential concerning the used items and production factors. The corporations, as an association of legal entities and individuals provide more than half of the regional budget reve-nues, jobs, enterprise profits, GRP, etc. in order to realize their financial interests under the leadership of a central ad-ministrative apparatus. At the same time, the performance of enterprises included in the composition of corporate struc-tures is not so unambiguous. In this regard, a special interest appears regarding the issue of their entry economic feasi-bility into corporations. This article evaluates the economic feasibility of corporate structure creation based on a com-parative analysis of production and investment activity results concerning Bashneft, Tatneft and TAIF group of enter-prises. The study was based on the principles of a systematic approach using a wide range of general scientific methods and techniques, namely: comparison methods; coefficients, balance method, horizontal and vertical analysis; the method of situational analysis; the graphical methods of data processing, etc