The State of American Indian & Alaska Native Education in California 2014

The findings from the California Indian Culture and Sovereignty Center's 2012 report confirmed the need for greater efforts to prepare, to recruit, to retain, and to graduate Native youth from institutions of higher education. In particular, the realization that AI/AN enrollment rates are declining across the CSUs was alarming. These results provided the basis to delve deeper into the program, outreach, and support of postsecondary institutions in the 2014 report to determine where enrollment and transfer numbers are decreasing or increasing; to determine what the best practices at state colleges and universities to attract, retain, and graduate AI/ANs are; and correspondingly to determine where we, as educators of AI/AN students in the state of California, need to improve

The State of American Indian & Alaska Native Education in California 2016

The 2016 report is the third and final publication supported by the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians. This report provides a case study for the creation of a 21st century model to recruit, retain, serve, and graduate American Indian students from a public university. In addition, the 2016 report updates all the import K-16 data we reported on in previous publications. We also "mapped" for the first time the K-12 data about high school graduation rates, dropout rates, and student completion of A-G requirements for college entry. This feature is interactive when you click on the link in the report. Our goal is to provide our tribal educators, parents, and leaders with tools to develop their capacity to build educational infrastructure needed in their communities; and to have at their fingertips the facts to justify greater investment in AIAN education for their youth

Becoming Stuck in Complicated Grief: Turning Loss Into Resilience, Hope, and Healing

Grief is a natural and normal experience reaching back to the narrative of creation. Research has revealed that about 80 to 90 percent of grievers experience normal or uncomplicated grief while a small percentage ranging from 10 to 20 percent struggled with complicated grief responses. This small percentage is the focus of this dissertation. Those who experience complicated grief are observed to become stuck and unable to move through the grieving process independently. Grievers who are stuck appear to have on-going difficulty in their spiritual, emotional, cognitive, and even physical health. The uniqueness of grief is not only real with an individual, but it is profoundly rich throughout the history of humanity, with each culture having unique ways of mourning that are not always understood and appreciated by others outside the culture.1 Other names used for complicated grief include complicated mourning, abnormal grief, pathological grief, pathological bereavement, neurotic grief, and, more recently, traumatic grief.2 Some of the risk factors associated with complicated grief are one’s belief system, nature of the relationship, availability of resources, social support, and spiritual condition. Researchers have explored numerous treatment options to deal with complicated grief. Some of the interventions include grief education, support groups, group therapy, spiritual and religious coping, and individual counseling. In addition to these interventions, I have explored and am proposing a resilience protective factor to assist grievers who are stuck in complicated grief. Developing resilience in a grief support group will be the primary context of this work. I believe when individuals who are stuck in complicated grief seek out resources to cope with and activate resilience factors, they are more likely to engage in and move through the grief process toward a path of healing. 1 Joleen C. Schoulte, “Bereavement Among African American and Latino/a American,” Journal of Mental Health Counseling 33, no. 1 (January 2011): 11. 2 John S. Jeffreys, Helping Grieving People When Tears Are Not Enough: A Handbook for Care Providers. Series in Death, Dying, and Bereavement (New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2005), 264

Presa con revestimiento asfáltico

La presa denominada Montgomery se halla situada sobre el río South Platte River, a unos 8 km aguas arriba de la ciudad de Alma, del Estado de Colorado (EE. UU.), y en la ladera oriental de la cordillera Continental Divide. El cuerpo o dique de esta presa está constituido por piedra, revestida con una capa de hormigón asfáltico en el paramento de contacto con el agua

Reward dysfunction in major depression: Multimodal neuroimaging evidence for refining the melancholic phenotype

Reward dysfunction is thought to play a core role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified reward processing deficits in MDD, but these methods have yet to be applied together in a single MDD sample. We utilized multimodal neuroimaging evidence to examine reward dysfunction in MDD. Further, we explored how neurobiological reward dysfunction would map onto subtypes of MDD. The feedback negativity (FN), an ERP index of reward evaluation, was recorded in 34 unmedicated depressed individuals and 42 never-depressed controls during a laboratory gambling task. Ventral striatal (VS) activation to reward was recorded in a separate fMRI session, using an identical task, among a subgroup of 24 depressed individuals and a comparison group of 18 non-depressed controls. FN amplitude was blunted in MDD. This effect was driven by a MDD subgroup characterized by impaired mood reactivity to positive events, a core feature of melancholic MDD. A similar pattern was observed for VS activation, which was also blunted among the MDD subgroup with impaired mood reactivity. Neither FN amplitude nor VS activation were related to the full, DSM-defined melancholic or atypical MDD subtypes. Across the MDD sample, FN amplitude and VS activation were correlated, indicating convergence across methods. These results indicate that not all MDD is characterized by reward dysfunction, and that there is meaningful heterogeneity in reward processing within MDD. The current study offers neurobiological evidence that impaired mood reactivity is a key phenotypic distinction for subtyping MDD, and further suggests that the existing melancholic phenotype may require further refinement

Event-Related Potentials and Emotion Processing in Child Psychopathology

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the neural mechanisms underlying altered emotional processes in children and adolescents with psychopathology. This review provides a brief overview of the most up-to-date findings in the field of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to facial and vocal emotional expressions in the most common child psychopathological conditions. In regards to externalising behaviour (i.e. ADHD, CD), ERP studies show enhanced early components to anger, reflecting enhanced sensory processing, followed by reductions in later components to anger, reflecting reduced cognitive-evaluative processing. In regards to internalising behaviour, research supports models of increased processing of threat stimuli especially at later more elaborate and effortful stages. Finally, in autism spectrum disorders abnormalities have been observed at early visual-perceptual stages of processing. An affective neuroscience framework for understanding child psychopathology can be valuable in elucidating underlying mechanisms and inform preventive intervention