Revisión taxonómica del género Crambe sect. Crambe (Brassicaceae, Brassiceae)

The systematics of the genus Crambe L. sect. Crambe is reviewed, within which 16 species and 5 infraspecific taxa are considered, which are distributed from E and N Europe to Central Asia. A key for their identification is provided, along with a brief description, synonyms, distribution and habitat of each taxon. The infrageneric systematics of Crambe is discussed briefly. The following new combinations are proposed: Crambe edentula var. glabrata (Freyn & Sintenis) Prina comb. nov. and C. orientalis subsp. sulphurea (Stapf ex O.E. Schulz) Prina stat. nov.En el presente trabajo se revisa la sistemática del género Crambe L. sect. Crambe, que cuenta con 16 especies y 5 táxones infraespecíficos distribuidos desde el E y N de Europa hasta Asia central. Se proporcionan una clave para su identificación, una breve descripción de cada uno, los sinónimos, el hábitat y la distribución. Se discute brevemente la sistemática infragenérica del género Crambe. Se proponen las siguientes nuevas combinaciones: Crambe edentula var. glabrata (Freyn & Sintenis) Prina comb. nov. y C. orientalis subsp. sulphurea (Stapf ex O.E. Schulz) Prina stat. nov

Los saberes indígenas y la ciencia de la Ilustración

Los autores analizan a partir de fuentes originadas por misioneros jesuitas y naturalistas la forma en que los europeos se apropiaron de los conocimientos médicos de los indígenas durante el siglo XVIII en el área rioplatense. Se considera esta cuestión como el inicio de un proceso de adquisición de esos saberes a los que posteriormente se dio un uso racionalizado, fuera del marco conceptual indígena.Les auteurs étudient l’appropriation occidentale des savoirs médicals des indiens pendant le XVIIIe siècle dans le Rio de la Plata, à partir des textes des missionnaires jesuites et des naturalistes. On considère cette situation comme le début d’ un procès, achevé par leur usage rationel, hors de la consideration conceptuelle indienne

Brassica tournefortii Gouan (Brassicaceae), nuevo registro para la flora alóctona asilvestrada de Chile

Brassica tournefortii is registered for first time for Chilean territory as an alien plant species. A brief description and illustrations are given. The specimens here cited were collected in Los Molles (32°14’S-71°31’W) at Valparaiso Region at the Pacific coast of Chile

Eleocharis maculosa (Cyperaceae) nuevo registro para la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina

Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. (Cyperaceae) is recorded for first time for La Pampa province. Geographic origin, life form and environment are briefly described. A key to differentiate it from the other species that grow in this province is given.Se cita por primera vez a Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. (Cyperaceae) para la provincia de La Pampa. Se consigna su forma de vida, ambiente y origen geográfico. Se incluye una clave para diferenciarla de las otras especies que crecen en la provincia

Surface indicators are correlated with soil multifunctionality in global drylands

Multiple ecosystem functions need to be considered simultaneously to manage and protect the several ecosystem services that are essential to people and their environments. Despite this, cost effective, tangible, relatively simple and globally relevant methodologies to monitor in situ soil multifunctionality, that is, the provision of multiple ecosystem functions by soils, have not been tested at the global scale. We combined correlation analysis and structural equation modelling to explore whether we could find easily measured, field-based indicators of soil multifunctionality (measured using functions linked to the cycling and storage of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus). To do this, we gathered soil data from 120 dryland ecosystems from five continents. Two soil surface attributes measured in situ (litter incorporation and surface aggregate stability) were the most strongly associated with soil multifunctionality, even after accounting for geographic location and other drivers such as climate, woody cover, soil pH and soil electric conductivity. The positive relationships between surface stability and litter incorporation on soil multifunctionality were greater beneath the canopy of perennial vegetation than in adjacent, open areas devoid of vascular plants. The positive associations between surface aggregate stability and soil functions increased with increasing mean annual temperature. Synthesis and applications. Our findings demonstrate that a reduced suite of easily measured in situ soil surface attributes can be used as potential indicators of soil multifunctionality in drylands world-wide. These attributes, which relate to plant litter (origin, incorporation, cover), and surface stability, are relatively cheap and easy to assess with minimal training, allowing operators to sample many sites across widely varying climatic areas and soil types. The correlations of these variables are comparable to the influence of climate or soil, and would allow cost-effective monitoring of soil multifunctionality under changing land-use and environmental conditions. This would provide important information for evaluating the ecological impacts of land degradation, desertification and climate change in drylands world-wide.Fil: Eldridge, David J.. University of New South Wales; AustraliaFil: Delgado Baquerizo, Manuel. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; EspañaFil: Quero, José L.. Universidad de Córdoba; EspañaFil: Ochoa, Victoria. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; España. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Gozalo, Beatriz. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; España. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: García Palacios, Pablo. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; EspañaFil: Escolar, Cristina. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; EspañaFil: García Gómez, Miguel. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; EspañaFil: Prina, Aníbal. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Bowker, Mathew A.. Northern Arizona University; Estados UnidosFil: Bran, Donaldo Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Ignacio. Universidad Experimental Simón Rodríguez; VenezuelaFil: Cea, Alex. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Derak, Mchich. No especifíca;Fil: Espinosa, Carlos I.. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: Florentino, Adriana. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Gaitán, Juan José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Suelos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Gatica, Mario Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Gómez González, Susana. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Ghiloufi, Wahida. Université de Sfax; TúnezFil: Gutierrez, Julio R.. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Guzman, Elizabeth. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: Hernández, Rosa M.. Universidad Experimental Simón Rodríguez; VenezuelaFil: Hughes, Frederic M.. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Muiño, Walter. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Monerris, Jorge. No especifíca;Fil: Ospina, Abelardo. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaFil: Ramírez, David A.. International Potato Centre; PerúFil: Ribas Fernandez, Yanina Antonia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Romão, Roberto L.. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; BrasilFil: Torres Díaz, Cristian. Universidad del Bio Bio; ChileFil: Koen, Terrance B.. No especifíca;Fil: Maestre, Fernando T.. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; España. Universidad de Alicante; Españ

Soil fungal abundance and plant functional traits drive fertile island formation in global drylands

International audience1.Dryland vegetation is characterised by discrete plant patches that accumulate and capture soil resources under their canopies. These “fertile islands” are major drivers of dryland ecosystem structure and functioning, yet we lack an integrated understanding of the factors controlling their magnitude and variability at the global scale.2.We conducted a standardized field survey across two hundred and thirty-six drylands from five continents. At each site, we measured the composition, diversity and cover of perennial plants. Fertile island effects were estimated at each site by comparing composite soil samples obtained under the canopy of the dominant plants and in open areas devoid of perennial vegetation. For each sample, we measured fifteen soil variables (functions) associated with carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and used the Relative Interaction Index to quantify the magnitude of the fertile island effect for each function. In eighty sites, we also measured fungal and bacterial abundance (quantitative PCR) and diversity (Illumina MiSeq).3.The most fertile islands, i.e. those where a higher number of functions were simultaneously enhanced, were found at lower-elevation sites with greater soil pH values and sand content under semiarid climates, particularly at locations where the presence of tall woody species with a low specific leaf area increased fungal abundance beneath plant canopies, the main direct biotic controller of the fertile island effect in the drylands studied. Positive effects of fungal abundance were particularly associated with greater nutrient contents and microbial activity (soil extracellular enzymes) under plant canopies.4.Synthesis. Our results show that the formation of fertile islands in global drylands largely depends on: (i) local climatic, topographic and edaphic characteristics, (ii) the structure and traits of local plant communities and (iii) soil microbial communities. Our study also has broad implications for the management and restoration of dryland ecosystems worldwide, where woody plants are commonly used as nurse plants to enhance the establishment and survival of beneficiary species. Finally, our results suggest that forecasted increases in aridity may enhance the formation of fertile islands in drylands worldwide

La importancia actual de las prospecciones florísticas en Biología de Conservación: una experiencia en el árido del centro-oeste de Argentina

La necesidad de acometer estudios básicos de carácter florístico y faunístico es una de las tareas fundamentales de la Biología de Conservación. Quizás desde la óptica de un país del denominado primer mundo pueda parecer una cuestión superflua, pero a nivel global la conservación de recursos biológicos se enfrenta a una perentoria necesidad de conocer qué es lo que aparece en un territorio, máxime si tenemos en cuenta las tasas de declive de biodiversidad que se están produciendo. A veces da la sensación de que los biólogos de conservación han olvidado estas cuestiones. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio que venimos realizando durante los últimos años en una zona prácticamente inexplorada del oeste de Argentina, señalando las dificultades que existen para financiar este tipo de trabajos y la importancia en términos de conservación de los resultados obtenidos