Control of Leiodes cinnamomeus (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) in Cultivated Black Truffle Orchards by Kairomone-Based Mass Trapping

[EN] The monoculture situation of truffle cultivation is favoring the appearance of pests that would not be economically important in naturally balanced forest ecosystems. The most prominent of them is the European truffle beetle Leiodes cinnamomeus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), for which there are no effective control methods capable of reducing its populations. The potential of the mass trapping technique against this beetle, based on adapted pitfall traps and the semiochemical methyl disulfide as an attractant, is explored in the present work. Two trap densities (40 and 80 traps/ha) were tested in 2-yr field trials carried out in the region of Teruel (Spain) with black truffle cultivation tradition. Kairomone dispensers were placed in the field immediately before adult outbreak and remained active there throughout the season. The efficacy of each treatment was measured according to the reduction in beetle populations and the damaged truffles in the center of the treated areas. The results showed that both trapping densities reduced adult populations (mean 57% catch reduction), but 80 traps/ha were needed to significantly lower damage parameters (>40% reduction), percentage of attacked truffles and number of galleries/g truffle. The cost effectiveness of these treatments and possible improvements are discussed.This work has been supported by the project `A2. Efectos de Leiodes sobre la produccion de trufa negra de Teruel: evaluacion de la incidencia y posibilidades de control' from Gobierno de Aragon (FITE 2016). We would like to thank the owners of the fields (Jose Igual, Hnos Salvador Redon (Eugenio y Eladio) and Daniel and Maria from Trufas Bertolin SL) for allowing us to use their orchards and their trust to manage truffles. Finally, we also want to thank Pablo Lopez for his support in the field work, Helen Warburton for English editing and Prof. Gonzalo Garcia-Donato for the statistical support.Navarro-Llopis, V.; López, B.; Primo Millo, J.; Martín-Santafé, M.; Vacas, S. (2021). Control of Leiodes cinnamomeus (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) in Cultivated Black Truffle Orchards by Kairomone-Based Mass Trapping. Journal of Economic Entomology. 114(2):801-810. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa317S801810114

Adiponectin gene variant rs3774261, effects on lipid profile and adiponectin levels after a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern

Producción CientíficaThe role of ADIPOQ gene variants on metabolic improvements after weight change secondary to different hypocaloric diets remained unclear. We evaluate the effect of rs3774261 of ADIPOQ gene polymorphism on biochemical improvements and weight change after high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern for 12 weeks. A population of 361 obese subjects was enrolled in an intervention trial with a calorie restriction of 500 calories over the usual intake and 45.7% of carbohydrates, 34.4% of fats, and 19.9% of proteins. The percentages of different fats was; 21.8% of monounsaturated fats, 55.5% of saturated fats, and 22.7% of polyunsaturated fats. Before and after intervention, an anthropometric study, an evaluation of nutritional intake and a biochemical evaluation were realized. All patients lost weight regardless of genotype and diet used. After 12 weeks with a similar improvement in weight loss (AA vs. AG vs. GG); total cholesterol (delta: −28.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −14.2 ± 4.1 mg/dL vs. −11.0 ± 3.9 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (delta: −17.1 ± 2.1 mg/dL vs. −6.1 ± 1.9 mg/dL vs. −6.0 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01), triglyceride levels (delta: −35.0 ± 3.6 mg/dL vs. 10.1 ± 3.2 mg/dL vs. −9.7 ± 3.1 mg/dL; p = 0.02), C reactive protein (CRP) (delta: −2.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL vs. −0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dL; p = 0.02), serum adiponectin (delta: 11.6 ± 2.9 ng/dL vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 ng/dL vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 ng/dL; p = 0.02) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (delta: 1.5 ± 0.1 ng/dL vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 ng/dL vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; p = 0.03), improved only in AA group. AA genotype of ADIPOQ variant (rs3774261) is related with a significant increase in serum levels of adiponectin and ratio adiponectin/leptin and decrease on lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP)

Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis

Producción CientíficaBackground and aims: Meal replacement diets consist of replacing one or more meals with an artificial nutritional supplement. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of one against two meal replacement strategies on body composition and cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with obesity. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was designed with a modified hypocaloric diet with an artificial nutritional preparation replacing one or two meals for three months in patients with obesity and osteoarthritis pending orthopedic surgery. An anthropometric evaluation and a measurement of the body composition were done with bioelectrical impedance measurement at the beginning and at three months. Results: A total of 112 patients were recruited. Fifty-two patients (46.4%) were randomized to one replacement and 60 patients (53.6%) to two meal replacements. Eighty-one patients (72.3%) were women, and the average age was 61 (11.03) years. The percentage of weight loss at three months was 8.27 (4.79)% (one meal replacement: 7.98 (5.97)%; two meal replacements: 8.50 (3.48)%; p = 0.56). A decrease in fat mass measured by the fat mass index (FMI) was detected (one meal replacement: −2.15 (1.45) kg/m2 vs. two meal replacements: −2.78 (2.55) kg/m2; p > 0.05), and a relative increase in fat-free mass was observed (one meal replacement: +3.57 (4.61)% vs. two meal replacements: +2.14 (4.45)%; p > 0.05). A decrease in HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol was observed in both groups without differences between them. Conclusions: The substitution strategies of one or two meal replacements were effective in weight loss and fat mass decrease without differences between the two groups. An improvement in lipid parameters, glycemic control, and systolic blood pressure was observed without differences between strategies

Effects of a snack enriched with carob and Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) on metabolic parameters in a double blind, randomized clinical trial in obese patients

Introduction: Introduction: the composition of snack foods likely influences the overall effect that snacking has on metabolism and obesity. The objective of the current study was to assess the responses to two different snacks, one of them supplemented with wakame and carobs, on cardiovascular risk factors, satiety, and subsequent food intake in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods: forty patients were randomized in a clinical trial (NCT03420989, clinicaltrial.gov) to group I (enriched snack, n = 16) or group II (control snack, n = 16). At baseline and after 8 weeks biochemical parameters, dietary intakes, and nutritional status were assessed. The subjects also rated their feelings of satiety/hunger with a test meal. Results: no differences were detected in anthropometric parameters between both snacks. Changes in other parameters were detected in patients with enriched snacks, with a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol by 7.4 % (intervention snack, -8.9 ± 2.3 mg/dL vs control snack, -0.9 ± 3.3 mg/dL; p = 0.03), in total cholesterol by 5.8 % (intervention snack, -10.4 ± 2.9 mg/dL vs control snack, -1.4 ± 3.2 mg/dL; p = 0.02), and in resistin level by 15.9 % (intervention snack, -1.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL vs control snack, -0.1 ± 0.3 mg/dL: p = 0.03). After the test meal, satiety scores (after 20 min and 40 min) were higher than fasting levels in both groups. The same results were obtained with the 100-mm, 5-point visual satiety scale. Conclusion: our study indicates that a wakame- and carob-enriched snack induces a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and resistin levels when compared to a control snack, without effects on food consumption, other cardiovascular parameters, or anthropometric parameters.Introduccion: la composicion de los snacks probablemente influya en el efecto que produce su consumo sobre los marcadores metabolicos y la obesidad. El objetivo fue evaluar respuestas a dos snacks, uno de ellos suplementado con wakame y algarroba, sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular, saciedad y posterior ingesta de alimentos, en sujetos obesos con sindrome metabolico. Material y metodos: se aleatorizaron 40 pacientes en el ensayo clinico NCT03420989 (clinicaltrial.gov) para participar en el grupo I (snack enriquecido, n = 16) o el grupo II (snack de control, n = 16). Antes y despues de 8 semanas se determinaron parametros bioquimicos, ingestas dieteticas y estado nutricional. A los sujetos tambien se les evaluo saciedad y apetito con comida de prueba. Resultados: no se detectaron diferencias en parametros antropometricos con ambos snacks. Se detectaron cambios en parametros bioquimicos de pacientes que recibieron snacks enriquecidos, con disminucion significativa del colesterol-LDL del 7,4 % (snack de intervencion, -8,9 ± 2,3 mg/dl vs. snack de control, -0,9 ± 3,3 mg/dl; p = 0,03), del colesterol total del 5,8 % (snack de intervencion, -10,4 ± 2,9 mg/dl vs. snack de control, -1,4 ± 3,2 mg/dl; p = 0,02) y de niveles de resistina del 15,9 % (snack de intervencion, -1,0 ± 0,2 mg/dl vs. snack de control, -0,1 ± 0,3 mg/dl; p = 0,03). Despues de la comida de prueba, las puntuaciones de saciedad (a los 20 min y 40 min) fueron mas altas que nivel de ayuno en ambos grupos. Los resultados fueron similares con escala de saciedad visual de 5 puntos y 100 mm. Conclusion: nuestro estudio muestra que un snack enriquecido con wakame y algarroba produce disminucion significativa de los niveles de colesterol total, colesterol-LDL y resistina frente a un snack de control, sin efectos sobre el consumo de alimentos, otros parametros cardiovasculares y los parametros antropometricos

Early Detection and Intervention of ASD: A European Overview

Over the last several years there has been an increasing focus on early detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), not only from the scientific field but also from professional associations and public health systems all across Europe. Not surprisingly, in order to offer better services and quality of life for both children with ASD and their families, different screening procedures and tools have been developed for early assessment and intervention. However, current evidence is needed for healthcare providers and policy makers to be able to implement specific measures and increase autism awareness in European communities. The general aim of this review is to address the latest and most relevant issues related to early detection and treatments. The specific objectives are (1) analyse the impact, describing advantages and drawbacks, of screening procedures based on standardized tests, surveillance programmes, or other observational measures; and (2) provide a European framework of early intervention programmes and practices and what has been learnt from implementing them in public or private settings. This analysis is then discussed and best practices are suggested to help professionals, health systems and policy makers to improve their local procedures or to develop new proposals for early detection and intervention programmes.The authors were supported by a research grant awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant PSI2016-80575-R) and European Union. DGSANCO. Ref.: SANCO/2014/C2/035.S

Influence of obesity on bone turnover markers and fracture risk in postmenopausal women

Producción CientíficaBackground and aims: The relationship between obesity and bone metabolism is controversial. In recent decades, the protective role of obesity in the development of osteoporosis is questioned. The aims of this study are the following: to evaluate the differences in bone turnover markers between postmenopausal women with and without obesity and to compare the risk of fracture at five years between these groups. Methods: An observational longitudinal prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women with obesity (O) (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2) and non-obesity (NoO) (BMI < 30 kg/m2) is designed. 250 postmenopausal women are included in the study (NoO: 124 (49.6%) and O: 126 (50.4%)). It measures epidemiological variables, dietary variables (calcium intake, vitamin D intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity), biochemicals (β-crosslap, type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide (P1NP), 25OH-vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)), anthropometric variables, and fracture data five years after the start of the study. The mean age is 56.17 (3.91) years. Women with obesity showed lower levels of vitamin D (O: 17.27 (7.85) ng/mL, NoO: 24.51 (9.60) ng/mL; p < 0.01), and higher levels of PTH (O: 53.24 (38.44–65.96) pg/mL, NoO: 35.24 (25.36–42.40) pg/mL; p < 0.01). Regarding the bone formation marker (P1NP), it was found to be high in women without obesity, O: 45.46 (34.39–55.16) ng/mL, NoO: 56.74 (45.34–70.74) ng/mL; p < 0.01; the bone resorption marker (β-crosslap) was found to be high in women with obesity, being significant in those older than 59 years (O: 0.39 (0.14) ng/mL, NoO 0.24 (0.09) ng/mL; p < 0.05). No differences are observed in the risk of fracture at 5 years based on BMI (OR = 0.90 (95%CI 0.30–2.72); p = 0.85). Conclusions: Postmenopausal women with obesity showed lower levels of bone formation markers; older women with obesity showed higher markers of bone resorption

Obesidad en España y Castilla y León: ¿qué nos dicen los estudios?

La obesidad, es la epidemia del siglo XXI, se define como un peso corporal desproporcionado para la altura con una acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo que se acompaña habitualmente de una inflamación sistémica crónica leve. Para clasificar a los pacientes con obesidad se utiliza el índice de Quetelet o índice de masa corporal, que se obtiene dividiendo el peso del individuo en Kg entre la talla al cuadrado en metros (kg/m2). Un índice de masa corporal por encima de 30 kg/m2 se considera como obesidad. La obesidad está asociada con el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares, algunos tipos de cáncer y otras condiciones patológicas crónicas. La circunferencia de la cintura también es un marcador de riesgo, en obesidad. En el estudio ENPE, se demostró una prevalencia en la población española de sobrepeso de 39,3% y de obesidad de 21,6%. La prevalencia de sobrepeso en mujeres fue de 32,1% y de obesidad de 22,8%, en varones, por otra parte, la obesidad represento un 20,5% y el sobrepeso un 46,5 %. Recientemente, en Castilla y León, la Consejería de Sanidad ha publicado los resultados de un estudio de cohortes “Estudio de Riesgo Cardiovascular en Castilla y León; la evolución de los Factores de Riesgo cardiovascular 2004-2014”. La prevalencia de obesidad (IMC ≥30) en 2004 era en nuestra Comunidad Autónoma de 22,9%. En la reevaluación de la misma cohorte de pacientes, diez años más tarde, esa proporción ha aumentado hasta el 27,6%, casi 5 puntos porcentuales. Con respecto al total de la muestra de 2014, el 31,1% tenían normopeso, el 41,3% tenían sobrepeso y el 26,1% tenían un IMC entre 30 y 40 (obesidad) y un 1,6% presentaban un IMC>40.En conclusión, la obesidad se ha convertido en una pandemia a nivel mundial, situándose España en una zona intermedia de prevalencia, así como Castilla y León. EL índice de masa corporal, así como la circunferencia de la cintura son las herramientas más utilizadas a la hora de realizar los estudios de prevalencia de obesidad.Obesity, the epidemic of the 21st century (1), is defined as a disproportionate body weight for height with an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that is usually accompanied by a mild chronic systemic inflammation. To classify patients with obesity, the Quetelet index or body mass index is used, which is obtained by dividing the weight of the individual in Kg by the square height in meters (kg/m2). A body mass index above 30 kg/m2 is considered as obesity. Obesity is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer and other chronic pathological conditions. Waist circumference is a risk factor in obesity, too. In the ENPE study, a prevalence in the Spanish population of overweight of 39.3% and of obesity of 21.6% was demonstrated. The prevalence of overweight in women was 32.1% and obesity 22.8%, in men; on the other hand, obesity represented 20.5% and overweight 46.5%. Recently, Castilla y León Health System has published the results of a study of cohorts “Cardiovascular Risk Study in Castilla y León; the evolution of cardiovascular risk factors 2004-2014 “. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) in 2004 was 22.9% in our Autonomous Community. In the re-evaluation of the same cohort of patients, ten years later, that proportion has increased to 27.6%, almost 5 percentage points. With respect to the total sample of 2014, 31.1% had normal weight, 41.3% were overweight and 26.1% had a BMI between 30 and 40 (obesity) and a 1, 6% had a BMI> 40 In conclusion, obesity has become a pandemic worldwide, placing Spain in an intermediate zone of prevalence as well as Castilla y León. The body mass index, as well as the circumference of the waist are the most used tools when carrying out obesity prevalence studie

Early Detection and Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Toodlers

The importance of screening and early intervention in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has gained great interest not only for the scientific societies but also for the health and welfare systems. In order to facilitate the selection and implementation of the best screening procedures and intervention programs for children at early ages and their families, it is necessary an updated and synthesized review of the experiences and studies carried out so far that would show the most relevant aspects of these methods. After carrying out this revision, several important considerations were extracted aiming for critical analysis of screening programs in place, as well as recommendations for future experiences. In addition, the review of studies on the effectiveness of early intervention programs provides an encouraging scenery, indicating that these are becoming more frequent, systematic and methodologically appropriate. We have walked a long journey, but much work remains to be done.La importancia de la detección y de la intervención precoz en los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) ha adquirido gran interés tanto para las sociedades profesionales como por la administración sanitaria. Con el propósito de facilitar la puesta en marcha de dispositivos de detección y de atención e intervención a edades tempranas de estos niños, es necesaria una información actualizada y sintetizada sobre los procedimientos de cribado y las técnicas de atención temprana para niños con TEA, reflejando los aspectos más relevantes que se deduzcan de las experiencias y estudios llevados a cabo hasta el momento. Tras la revisión realizada en nuestro estudio sobre las experiencias de detección precoz de autismo, se obtiene un grupo de consideraciones importantes, para realizar análisis críticos de programas de cribado en marcha así como recomendaciones para experiencias futuras. Así mismo, la revisión de los estudios sobre la eficacia de los programas de atención temprana nos proporciona una visión esperanzadora, indicando que éstos son cada vez más frecuentes, sistemáticos y metodológicamente más apropiados. Llevamos mucho camino recorrido, pero aún queda mucho por hacer