Impact of cypermethrin on enzyme activities in the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

Freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to lethal concentration (5 µg/L) for 1, 2, 3 ,4 days and sublethal concentration (1 µg/L) for 1, 7, 14, 21 days of cypermethrin to examine the enzymes activity, in functionally three different tissues namely, gill, liver and muscle. Activities of Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), Alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) increased in all the tissues with increase in exposure time. But in sublethal concentration at 14 and 21 day, a decreasing trend was observed in all the tissues exposed to cypermethrin. At most instances, fish in lethal medium were affected more compared to sublethal concentratio

Histopathological Changes Observed in the Kidney of Freshwater Fish, Cirrhinus Mrigala (Hamilton) Exposed to Cypermethrin

The present study is aimed to assess the histological damage caused to the fish Cirrhinus mrigala exposed lethal (5.13 μg/l) and sublethal (1.026 μg/l) to pyrethroid derivative cypermethrin. Light microscopic studies exhibited sever histopathological changes in the kidney. The first sign of morphological changes in the kidney after injection of cypermethrin was found in the proximal tubule. Initial changes of these tubules included: deformation of brush border, gradual atrophy of basal cytoplasm and condensation of nuclear material. Following these initial changes, there was focal necrosis of tubular cells and pyknosis of nuclei. Degenerated cells were frequently seen extruding into the lumina of tubules, which were filled, with fragments of cellular components. Focal degeneration of tubular cells was usually followed by more extensive necrosis of the whole nephron. As the focal areas of necrosis became more widespread, more and more leucocytes and macrophages surrounded the tubules. Thus the area of interstitial tissue containing leucocytes and macrophages seemed to be increased as the tubules became reduced

Effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Experiments were designed to study in-vivo effects of sodium cyanide on biochemical endpoints in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Fish were exposed to two sublethal concentrations (0.106 and 0.064mg/L) for a period of 15 days. Levels of glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and the enzymatic activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), phosphorylase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (AcP) were assessed in different tissues (liver, muscle and gills). Result indicated a steady decrease in glycogen, pyruvate, SDH, ALP and AcP activity with a concomitant increase in the lactate, phosphorylase, LDH and G6PD activity in all selected tissues. The alterations in all the above biochemical parameters were significantly (p<0.05) time and dose dependent. In all the above parameters, liver pointing out the intensity of cyanide intoxication compare to muscle and gills. Study revealed change in the metabolic energy by means of altered metabolic profile of the fish. Further, these observations indicated that even sublethal concentrations of sodium cyanide might not be fully devoid of deleterious influence on metabolism in L. rohita

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Impact of Cypermethrin on enzyme activities in the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)

Freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to lethal concentration (5 µg/L) for 1,2,3,4 days and sublethal concentration (1 µg/L) for 1,7,14,21 days of cypermethrin to examine the enzymes activity, in functionally three different tissues namely, gill, liver and muscle. Activities of Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), Alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) increased in all the tissues with increase in exposure time. But in sublethal concentration at 14 and 21 day, a decreasing trend was observed in all the tissues exposed to cypermethrin. At most instances, fish in lethal medium were affected more compared to sublethal concentrationPublishe

Effect of Nano-ZrO2 Particulates on Wear Characteristics of Al7075 Metal Matrix Composite

The demands in application-oriented areas lead to evolution of many light metal alloys which are capable of maintaining strength to weight ratio in an adequate manner. Out of all light metal aluminium alloys plays a vital role with the addition of hard ceramic particulates. In this view an attempt has been made to synthesis the aluminium nano composites with the addition of ZrO2 with a particle size of 80nm by using stir casting methodology by adopting specific working environment using argon gas supply. The addition of ceramic particles found uniform in distribution wise. The specimens are subjected to dry sliding wear test using Ducom wear test equipment which results in significant improvement in the resistance for wear. The composite was prepared for 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 wt.% addition of reinforcement. As % of addition of reinforcement the wear rate is gradually decreasing, the worn-out surfaces are subjected to SEM analysis after wear testing.</jats:p

Real Time Face Recognition based Smart Lab for Energy Conservation

Home automation offers a good solution to help conserve our natural resources in a time when we are all becoming more environmentally conscious. Home automation systems can reduce power consumption and when they are not in use automatically turn off lights and appliances. With home automation, many repetitive tasks can be performed automatically or with fewer steps. For example, each time the person gets out of his computer desk, for instance, the fan and the lights need to be turned off and switched on when he comes back to the computer desk. This is a repetitive task, and failure to do so leads to a waste of energy. This paper proposes a security/energy saving system based on face recognition to monitor the fan and lights depending on the presence or absence of the authenticated user. Initially, the authenticated faces/users LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram) features were extracted and modelled using SVM to construct the face profile of all authenticated users. The webcam catches the user's picture before the PC and the Haar-cascade classifier, a profound learning object identification technique is used to identify face objects from the background. The facial recognition techniques were implemented with python and linked to the cloud environment of Ada-Fruit in order to enable or disable the light and fan on the desk. The relay status is transmitted from Ada Fruit Cloud to Arduino Esp8266 using the MQTT Protocol. If the unidentified user in the webcam is detected by this device, the information in the cloud will be set to ' off ' status, allowing light and fan to be switched off. Although Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) is widely used in home automation systems, PIR sensors detect heat traces in a room, so they are not very sensitive when the room itself is hot. Therefore, in some countries such as INDIA, PIR sensors are unable to detect human beings in the summer. This system is an alternative to commonly used PIR sensors in the home automation process.</jats:p

Fluorine substituted thiomethyl pyrimidine derivatives as efficient inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution: Thermodynamic, electrochemical and DFT studies

Three new 5-fluoro-2- methylthio substituted pyrimidine derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by H-1 NMR spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry. Corrosion inhibition characteristics of the synthesized pyrimidine derivatives have been studied on mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution at various temperatures (303-333 K) using mass loss and electrochemical techniques. The obtained weight loss, electrochemical impedance and potentiodynamic polarization data indicate that the corrosion inhibition efficiency is directly proportional to concentration of the inhibitors. The Adsorption process on MS surface obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize surface morphology of the MS specimen in absence and presence of pyrimidine derivatives. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using B3LYP functional with 6-311+G (d,p) level was used to establish the relationship between molecular structure and corrosion inhibition efficiency. Electrochemical analysis indicated that pyrimidine derivatives inhibit the corrosion by adsorbing on the metal surface. Mixed-type of corrosion inhibition activity with anodic predominance was proposed by polarization studies. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved