BESS based Multi input inverter for Grid connected hybrid pv and wind power system

This paper proposes BESS based multi input inverter for grid connected hybrid PV and wind power system. This system will simplify the power system and reduce the cost. The proposed system consists of a battery system, multi-input dc–dc converter and a full-bridge dc–ac inverter. Now a days the power demand is more, to get the demand renewable energy sources take important role. Here perturbation and observation method is used to for the MPPT algorithm to get maximum output. Design and operation of the proposed system has explained. BESS (battery energy storage system) has got much importance in renewable energy sources world. The proposed system was designed and implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results have shown the performance of the proposed BESS based multi input inverter for grid connected hybrid PV and wind power system.

Strategies to modulate charge variants of a Biosmilar monoclonal antibody through cell culture conditions

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are the most successful and rapidly growing class of biopharmaceuticals used in treating several diseases. Biosimilar mAb, an approved version of an original biological medicinal product (reference product) with demonstrated similarity to the reference in terms of critical quality attributes, safety and efficacy, is an increasingly accepted solution to provide greater access at affordable cost to the patients across the world. But, given the complex nature of mAbs, developing a biosimilar using a new cell line and a process is challenging, especially with regards to matching the glycosylation and charge profiles to the appropriate level. It is reported that culture environment during the production of monoclonal antibody affects its various quality attributes including charge variant profiles1. The charge variants are usually formed due to chemical modification of amino acids by deamidation, oxidation, glycation and methylglyoxal adducts2, and may lead to increase in acidic charge variants. These unintended changes in the protein are mainly due to it being exposed during the long duration of the cell culture to an environment, like elevated temperature, nutrients from media and feed, metabolites from live and lysed cells, culture pH, which favours certain chemical modifications. Understanding and controlling cell culture process parameters are vital in developing a protein biologic to ensure process consistency and product quality. In the present study, we discuss a case study of development of a cell culture process to produce a proposed biosimilar mAb using a CHO cell line, and ways to modulate its charge variants in the cell culture. The initial screening experiments were performed in an ambr® 15 cell culture micro bioreactor system, from which an optimal 12-day process was chosen and subsequently tested in 3L and 10L bioreactors. Significant time-dependent increase in acidic charge variants was observed from day 10 to 12 at both bioreactor scales, while all other quality parameters remained largely unchanged during the last days of the culture. Further various strategies such as use of different basal media, feed, and additives (amino acids/metal ions and insulin), and changes in culture temperature and pH, were applied during the cell culture process to control the charge variants, in particular the acidic charge variants. The impact of various additives, cell culture pH, temperature on the charge profiles, as well as on productivity and glycosylation, during the development of this biosimilar mAb using a CHO cell line is discussed in detail. References: Liu, H., Nowak, C., Shao, M., Ponniah, G. and Neill, A. (2016), Impact of cell culture on recombinant monoclonal antibody product heterogeneity. Biotechnol Progress, 32: 1103–1112. Chumsae, C., Gifford, K., Lian, W., Liu, H., Radziejewski, C. H., & Zhou, Z. S. (2013). Arginine modifications by methylglyoxal: discovery in a recombinant monoclonal antibody and contribution to acidic species. Analytical chemistry, 85(23), 11401-11409

Imaginary Potential as a Counter of Delay Time for Wave Reflection from a 1D Random Potential

We show that the delay time distribution for wave reflection from a one-dimensional random potential is related directly to that of the reflection coefficient, derived with an arbitrarily small but uniform imaginary part added to the random potential. Physically, the reflection coefficient, being exponential in the time dwelt in the presence of the imaginary part, provides a natural counter for it. The delay time distribution then follows straightforwardly from our earlier results for the reflection coefficient, and coincides with the distribution obtained recently by Texier and Comtet [C.Texier and A. Comtet, Phys.Rev.Lett. {\bf 82}, 4220 (1999)],with all moments infinite. Delay time distribution for a random amplifying medium is then derived . In this case, however, all moments work out to be finite.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, replaced with added proof, figure and references. To appear in Phys. Rev. B Jan01 200

Authentication of damaged hand vein patterns by modularization

As security is a major concern in present times, reliable authentication systems are in great demand. A biometric trait like the vascular pattern on the back of the hand of a person is unique and secure. A biometric system working on this principle often fails to authenticate a person either because of the varying hand posture or due to an injury altering the vein pattern. In this paper we propose an authentication system to overcome these disadvantages by modularizing the image and then comparing the features. This method of authentication reduces the False Rejection Ratio (FRR) and also False Acceptance Ratio (FAR) of the system

Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey

This book chapter identifies various security threats in wireless mesh network (WMN). Keeping in mind the critical requirement of security and user privacy in WMNs, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of various possible attacks on different layers of the communication protocol stack for WMNs and their corresponding defense mechanisms. First, it identifies the security vulnerabilities in the physical, link, network, transport, application layers. Furthermore, various possible attacks on the key management protocols, user authentication and access control protocols, and user privacy preservation protocols are presented. After enumerating various possible attacks, the chapter provides a detailed discussion on various existing security mechanisms and protocols to defend against and wherever possible prevent the possible attacks. Comparative analyses are also presented on the security schemes with regards to the cryptographic schemes used, key management strategies deployed, use of any trusted third party, computation and communication overhead involved etc. The chapter then presents a brief discussion on various trust management approaches for WMNs since trust and reputation-based schemes are increasingly becoming popular for enforcing security in wireless networks. A number of open problems in security and privacy issues for WMNs are subsequently discussed before the chapter is finally concluded.Comment: 62 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables. This chapter is an extension of the author's previous submission in arXiv submission: arXiv:1102.1226. There are some text overlaps with the previous submissio

Fibrin(ogen) engagement of S. aureus promotes the host antimicrobial response and suppression of microbe dissemination following peritoneal infection

The blood-clotting protein fibrin(ogen) plays a critical role in host defense against invading pathogens, particularly against peritoneal infection by the Gram-positive microbe Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that direct binding between fibrin(ogen) and S. aureus is a component of the primary host antimicrobial response mechanism and prevention of secondary microbe dissemination from the peritoneal cavity. To establish a model system, we showed that fibrinogen isolated from FibγΔ5 mice, which express a mutant form lacking the final 5 amino acids of the fibrinogen γ chain (termed fibrinogenγΔ5), did not support S. aureus adherence when immobilized and clumping when in suspension. In contrast, purified wildtype fibrinogen supported robust adhesion and clumping that was largely dependent on S. aureus expression of the receptor clumping factor A (ClfA). Following peritoneal infection with S. aureus USA300, FibγΔ5 mice displayed worse survival compared to WT mice coupled to reduced bacterial killing within the peritoneal cavity and increased dissemination of the microbes into circulation and distant organs. The failure of acute bacterial killing, but not enhanced dissemination, was partially recapitulated by mice infected with S. aureus USA300 lacking ClfA. Fibrin polymer formation and coagulation transglutaminase Factor XIII each contributed to killing of the microbes within the peritoneal cavity, but only elimination of polymer formation enhanced systemic dissemination. Host macrophage depletion or selective elimination of the fibrin(ogen) β2-integrin binding motif both compromised local bacterial killing and enhanced S. aureus systemic dissemination, suggesting fibrin polymer formation in and of itself was not sufficient to retain S. aureus within the peritoneal cavity. Collectively, these findings suggest that following peritoneal infection, the binding of S. aureus to stabilized fibrin matrices promotes a local, macrophage-mediated antimicrobial response essential for prevention of microbe dissemination and downstream host mortality

The model for self-dual chiral bosons as a Hodge theory

We consider (1+1) dimensional theory for a single self-dual chiral boson as classical model for gauge theory. Using Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky (BFV) technique the nilpotent BRST and anti BRST symmetry transformations for this theory have been studied. In this model other forms of nilpotent symmetry transformations like co-BRST and anti co-BRST which leave the gauge-fixing part of the action invariant, are also explored. We show that the nilpotent charges for these symmetry transformations satisfy the algebra of de Rham cohomological operators in differential geometry. The Hodge decomposition theorem on compact manifold is also studied in the context of conserved charges.Comment: 19 pages, No figures, Revtex, Final version to appear in EPJ

Multiwavelength studies of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere: An overview of recent results

The chromosphere is a thin layer of the solar atmosphere that bridges the relatively cool photosphere and the intensely heated transition region and corona. Compressible and incompressible waves propagating through the chromosphere can supply significant amounts of energy to the interface region and corona. In recent years an abundance of high-resolution observations from state-of-the-art facilities have provided new and exciting ways of disentangling the characteristics of oscillatory phenomena propagating through the dynamic chromosphere. Coupled with rapid advancements in magnetohydrodynamic wave theory, we are now in an ideal position to thoroughly investigate the role waves play in supplying energy to sustain chromospheric and coronal heating. Here, we review the recent progress made in characterising, categorising and interpreting oscillations manifesting in the solar chromosphere, with an impetus placed on their intrinsic energetics.Comment: 48 pages, 25 figures, accepted into Space Science Review

Time-integrated luminosity recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e+e- collider

This article is the Preprint version of the final published artcile which can be accessed at the link below.We describe a measurement of the time-integrated luminosity of the data collected by the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at the ϒ(4S), ϒ(3S), and ϒ(2S) resonances and in a continuum region below each resonance. We measure the time-integrated luminosity by counting e+e-→e+e- and (for the ϒ(4S) only) e+e-→μ+μ- candidate events, allowing additional photons in the final state. We use data-corrected simulation to determine the cross-sections and reconstruction efficiencies for these processes, as well as the major backgrounds. Due to the large cross-sections of e+e-→e+e- and e+e-→μ+μ-, the statistical uncertainties of the measurement are substantially smaller than the systematic uncertainties. The dominant systematic uncertainties are due to observed differences between data and simulation, as well as uncertainties on the cross-sections. For data collected on the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) resonances, an additional uncertainty arises due to ϒ→e+e-X background. For data collected off the ϒ resonances, we estimate an additional uncertainty due to time dependent efficiency variations, which can affect the short off-resonance runs. The relative uncertainties on the luminosities of the on-resonance (off-resonance) samples are 0.43% (0.43%) for the ϒ(4S), 0.58% (0.72%) for the ϒ(3S), and 0.68% (0.88%) for the ϒ(2S).This work is supported by the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physiquedes Particules (France), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation (USA)