Innovation capability of clusters : understanding the innovation of geographic business netowrks

Objetivo – O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar a inovação em redes geográficas de negócios e propor um modelo de capacidade de inovação dos clusters. A premissa é que a inovação é uma necessidade para as empresas e as relações entre elas são uma alternativa para que ela ocorra. Entre essas relações, destacam-se os clusters, com estudos mostrando que as empresas em clusters tendem a ser mais inovadoras. Metodologia – Dessa forma, realizamos uma pesquisa exploratória com dois clusters: cluster emergente do Alto Camaquã, no Brasil, e cluster em crescimento de Sisteron, na França. Os casos foram analisados a partir de elementos previamente estabelecidos na literatura: contexto, estratégia coletiva, políticas públicas, comercialização, proatividade, relações externas, colaboração de transmissão, assimilação, transformação e aplicação de conhecimento, governança, infraestrutura, recursos financeiros e recursos humanos. Resultados – Chegamos a um modelo de capacidade de inovação do cluster, composto pela gestão estratégica, relacionamento e aprendizado, desenvolvimento tecnológico e mercadológico e gestão operacional. Contribuições – O modelo proposto é dinâmico, pois as capacidades variam em intensidade de acordo com o estágio de desenvolvimento do cluster e seu tempo de maturação.Purpose – This paper aims to explore innovation in geographic business networks and to propose a model of cluster innovation capability. The premise is that innovation is a necessity for firms and inter-firm relationships is an option for it to occur. Among these relationships, clusters stand out, with studies showing that firms in clusters tend to be more innovative. Design/methodology/approach – Thus, we conducted an exploratory study of two clusters: the emerging cluster of Alto do Camaquã, in Brazil, and growing cluster of Sisteron, in France. The cases were analyzed based on elements previously established in the literature: context; collective strategy; public policy; commercialization; pro-activity; external relationships; transmission; collaboration; assimilation, transformation, and application of knowledge; governance; infrastructure; financial and human resources. Findings – We obtained a model of cluster innovation capability, composed of strategic management, relationships and learning, technological and marketing development, and operational management. Originality/value – The proposed model is a dynamic model as capabilities vary in their intensities according to the development stage of the cluster and its maturity time

Innovation capability of clusters: understanding the innovation of geographic business networks

Purpose – This paper aims to explore innovation in geographic business networks and to propose a model of cluster innovation capability. The premise is that innovation is a necessity for firms and inter-firm relationships is an option for it to occur. Among these relationships, clusters stand out, with studies showing that firms in clusters tend to be more innovative. Design/methodology/approach – Thus, we conducted an exploratory study of two clusters: the emerging cluster of Alto do Camaquã, in Brazil, and growing cluster of Sisteron, in France. The cases were analyzed based on elements previously established in the literature: context; collective strategy; public policy; commercialization; pro-activity; external relationships; transmission; collaboration; assimilation, transformation, and application of knowledge; governance; infrastructure; financial and human resources. Findings – We obtained a model of cluster innovation capability, composed of strategic management, relationships and learning, technological and marketing development, and operational management. Originality/value – The proposed model is a dynamic model as capabilities vary in their intensities according to the development stage of the cluster and its maturity time

El uso de la teoría de la visión basada en recursos en propiedades rurales: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

The theory of the resource based view (RBV) has been one of the most important theoretical current of strategy. The use of this theory has been promising to the analysis of rural properties and has allowed the knowledge development of the potential which is going to be explored concerning internal resources. This work aims at contributing with a survey of the literature about the main resources and/or main reasons which are determinants to the performance of rural properties through the analysis of the work which used the resource based view theory as theoretical basis. The survey aims at verifying which resources were considered strategic by the literature of the area. The methodology used the systematic review. The results showed that the use of the theory in agriculture enterprises is still very incipient. Fourteen articles were reviewed and among these three studies in farms which are milk producer the results were consistent concerning the impact of the resources over performance. Human and Organizational Resources were the most referred ones as being strategic and fundamental to performance. The physical resources were more referred in articles which analyzed the rural area if we take into consideration the general literature of the RBV use. Maybe this happened because of a greater dependence of natural aspects in the performance of the farms in relation to other economy sectors. But due to the small number of work found and due to the diversity of approaches concerning this theory it is not possible to make inferences yet conclude that there is a knowledge gap in this area which must be supplied through new researches.La teoría de la visión basada en recursos (VBR) se ha destacado como una de las más importantes corrientes teóricas de la estrategia. El uso de la teoría de los recursos se muestra adecuado para el análisis de las propiedades rurales, dado que permite avanzar en el conocimiento potencial en lo que se refiere a recursos internos. Este trabajo contribuye con un estudio de la literatura sobre los principales recursos y/o factores claves determinantes del desempeño de propiedades rurales, por medio del análisis de trabajos en que la teoría de la visión basada en recurso es la base teórica. Se pretende verificar cuáles recursos fueron considerados estratégicos en la literatura del área. La metodología utilizada fue la de revisión sistemática. Los resultados indicaron que el uso de la teoría en estudios de empresas agropecuarias es todavía incipiente. Se analizaron 14 artículos en que se estudiaron haciendas en general y, entre estos, tres estudios de haciendas productoras de leche que demostraron resultados consistentes en cuanto al impacto de los recursos sobre el desempeño. Los recursos humanos y organizacionales fueron los más citados como estratégicos y fundamentales para el desempeño. Los recursos físicos fueron citados más veces en artículos que analizaron el medio rural, en comparación con la literatura general del uso de la VBR, tal vez por una mayor dependencia de aspectos naturales en el desempeño de las haciendas en relación con los otros sectores de la economía. Sin embargo, debido al pequeño número de trabajos encontrados y a la diversidad de enfoques sobre la teoría, no es posible realizar inferencias, pero puede concluirse que existe una laguna de conocimiento en esa área que debe ser rellenada por medio de nuevos estudios.A teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) tem se destacado como uma das mais importantes correntes teóricas da estratégia. O uso da teoria dos recursos mostra-se promissor para a análise das propriedades rurais, permitindo avançar no conhecimento do potencial a ser explorado em torno dos recursos internos. No presente estudo, contribui-se com um levantamento da literatura sobre os principais recursos e/ou fatores-chave determinantes para o desempenho de propriedades rurais por meio da análise de trabalhos que utilizaram a teoria da VBR como base teórica. Com esse levantamento, pretende-se verificar quais recursos foram considerados estratégicos pela literatura da área. A metodologia utilizada foi de revisão sistemática. Os resultados indicaram que o uso da teoria em estudos de empreendimentos agropecuários ainda é incipiente. Foram levantados 14 artigos em fazendas em geral e, dentre esses, três estudos em fazendas produtoras de leite que mostram resultados consistentes quanto ao impacto dos recursos sobre o desempenho. Recursos humanos e organizacionais foram os mais citados como estratégicos e fundamentais para o desempenho. Os recursos físicos foram citados mais vezes em artigos que analisaram o meio rural se comparado à literatura geral do uso da VBR, talvez pela maior dependência de aspectos naturais no desempenho das fazendas em relação aos outros setores da economia. Contudo, devido ao pequeno número de trabalhos encontrados e à diversidade de abordagens em torno da teoria, não é possível realizar inferências, somente concluir que existe um gap de conhecimento nessa área que deve ser suprido por meio de novas e amplas pesquisas

X-ray scattering from stepped and kinked surfaces: An approach with the paracrystal model

A general formalism of X-ray scattering from different kinds of surface morphologies is described. Based on a description of the surface morphology at the atomic scale through the use of the paracrystal model and discrete distributions of distances, the scattered intensity by non-periodic surfaces is calculated over the whole reciprocal space. In one dimension, the scattered intensity by a vicinal surface, the two-level model, the N-level model, the faceted surface and the rough surface are addressed. In two dimensions, the previous results are generalized to the kinked vicinal surface, the two-level vicinal surface and the step meandering on a vicinal surface. The concept of crystal truncation rod is generalized considering also the truncation of a terrace by a step (yielding a terrace truncation rod) and a step by a kink (yielding a step truncation rod).Comment: 33 pages, 18 figure

Reddening law and interstellar dust properties along Magellanic sight-lines

This study establishes that SMC, LMC and Milky Way extinction curves obey the same extinction law which depends on the 2200A bump size and one parameter, and generalizes the Cardelli, Clayton and Mathis (1989) relationship. This suggests that extinction in all three galaxies is of the same nature. The role of linear reddening laws over all the visible/UV wavelength range, particularly important in the SMC but also present in the LMC and in the Milky Way, is also highlighted and discussed.Comment: accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science. 16 pages, 12 figures. Some figures are colour plot

La survie des joint ventures internationales : une étude de l'industrie pétrolière en Russie

International audienceIn this research, we analyze the influence of the number of partners on joint venture survival. Our findings show that the higher the number of partners, the lower the probability of survival. However, for older joint ventures, a high number of partner increases the probability of survival. By considering this age effect, we propose to conciliate predictions from a transaction cost perspective, that suppose a negative influence of the number of partners on survival, and predictions from a relational view, that suppose a positive influence related to the combination of multiple resources.Cette étude a pour objectif d'analyser l'influence du nombre de partenaires sur la survie des joint ventures. Les résultats montrent que plus le nombre de partenaires est élevé, plus la probabilité de survie est faible. Cependant, lorsque l'âge de la joint venture augmente, un nombre élevé de partenaires a alors un effet positif sur la survie. La prise en compte de l'effet du temps permet de réconcilier l'approche fondée sur les coûts de transaction, qui suppose un effet négatif du nombre de partenaires, et l'approche relationnelle, qui suppose un effet positif lié à la combinaison des ressources

Effet de la corruption sur la survie des filiales de multinationales dans un pays Émergent : le cas de l’Indonésie

Dans cet article, nous analysons l’influence de la corruption sur la survie des filiales de multinationales dans un pays émergent en utilisant une approche permettant de prendre en considération le paiement effectif de pots-de-vin au niveau des firmes. Sur la base d’une étude de survie menée sur 3 483 filiales de multinationales en Indonésie sur une période de 33 ans, nous testons l’influence du paiement de pots-de-vin et de taxes indirectes. Les résultats montrent que la corruption a un effet modérateur sur le taux de mortalité des filiales étrangères récentes, mais cet effet disparait pour les plus anciennes.In this paper, using single-country firm-level corruption data, we analyze the effect of corruption on foreign wholly-owned subsidiary survival in an emerging country. Applying an event history analysis to a population of 3 483 wholly-owned subsidiaries in Indonesia over a 33-year period, we test the influence of bribes and indirect taxes on survival. Results show that corruption moderates the hazard rate for young subsidiaries, but this corruption effect disappears for older ones.En este articulo, analizamos la influencia de la corrupción en la sobrevida de filiales de empresas multinacionales en un país emergente utilizando un modo que permite tomar en consideración el pago en efectivo de coimas o sobornos por parte de las firmas. Basándonos en un estudio de sobrevida empresarial llevado a cabo en 3.483 filiales de multinacionales en Indonesia en un lapso de 33 años, hemos probado la influencia del pago de sobornos (o coimas) y de tasas indirectas. Los resultados muestran que la corrupción tiene un efecto moderador sobre la tasa de mortalidad de las filiales extranjeras recientes aunque este efecto desaparece en aquellas asentadas desde hace mucho tiempo

Evolution of an international joint venture: The case of a French-Brazilian joint venture

International audienc

La durée d’existence des joint ventures internationales : une revue de la littérature

National audienceCette communication porte sur la durée d’existence des joint ventures internationales, un critère qui est souvent mobilisé pour déterminer la performance des alliances coopératives. Nous expliquons les principales mesures utilisées pour analyser la durée d’existence des joint ventures (instabilité, survie, longévité) et examinons une quinzaine d’études empiriques publiées dans les revues de management international. L’analyse proposée permet de mettre en relief la variété des recherches menées dans ce domaine et d’identifier plusieurs pistes de recherche qui pourraient être développées dans des travaux futurs