“Publishing Is Mystical”: The Latinx Caucus Bibliography, Top-Tier Journals, and Minority Scholarship

In 2014, members of the NCTE/CCCC Latinx Caucus began contributing citations to a shared Google Document (GDoc) that suggested a relatively significant contribution of scholarship to the field of Rhetoric and Composition studies. Scholars of color have argued that rhetoric and composition scholarship fails to represent diversity in academic publications (Baca; Banks; Jones Royster; Pimentel; Ruíz). This study examines statistical data arrived at through analysis of the NCTE/CCCC Latinx Caucus Bibliography, with survey and interview data from Latinx scholars providing important context about publishing for people of color

Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: approaches, applications and future trends

The possibility of using photosynthetic microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria and microalgae, for converting light and carbon dioxide into valuable biochemical products has raised the need for new cost-efficient processes ensuring a constant product quality. Food, feed, biofuels, cosmetics and pharmaceutics are among the sectors that can profit from the application of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biomass growth in a photobioreactor is a complex process influenced by multiple parameters, such as photosynthetic light capture and attenuation, nutrient uptake, photobioreactor hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer. In order to optimize productivity while keeping a standard product quality, a permanent control of the main cultivation parameters is necessary, where the continuous cultivation has shown to be the best option. However it is of utmost importance to recognize the singularity of continuous cultivation of cyanobacteria and microalgae due to their dependence on light availability and intensity. In this sense, this review provides comprehensive information on recent breakthroughs and possible future trends regarding technological and process improvements in continuous cultivation systems of microalgae and cyanobacteria, that will directly affect cost-effectiveness and product quality standardization. An overview of the various applications, techniques and equipment (with special emphasis on photobioreactors) in continuous cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria are presented. Additionally, mathematical modelling, feasibility, economics as well as the applicability of continuous cultivation into large-scale operation, are discussed.This research work was supported by the grant SFRH/BPD/98694/2013 (Bruno Fernandes) from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal). The authors thank the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013. The authors also thank the Project "BioInd Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes, REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028" Co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDE

Review of \u3ci\u3eSusan La Flesche Picotte, M.D.: Omaha Indian Leader and Reformer\u3c/i\u3e By Benson Tong

This first full-length biography of Susan La Flesche Picotte represents an important contribution to Great Plains and Native American studies. Tong is an accomplished cultural historian, carefully outlining the cultural and historical contexts, both nationally and regionally, for Picotte\u27s short but accomplished life. Born, as Hastings points out, into the Omaha Nation in a tepee in 1865, La Flesche Picotte became the first American Indian woman to become a physician (1889) and then spent most of her adult life working among the Omahas as physician, temperance reformer, religious missionary, and land claims advocate. She died 16 September 1916, at the young age of fifty. A dedicated and intelligent woman, La Flesche Picotte\u27s writings have yet to be recovered by contemporary historians, a situation that won\u27t hold for long. Tong\u27s treatment of La Flesche Picotte is thoughtful insofar as he consistently characterizes her as a cultural mediator, or broker and interprets much of her complicated entanglements with Eastern reform groups like the Women\u27s National Indian Association, the Connecticut Indian Association, and the Indian Rights Association as part and parcel of the mixed associations in which educated Indians of the late nineteenth century would have to engage in order to gain any measure of sympathy, respect, money, or influence for their people. The book\u27s first four chapters are generally chronological, beginning with a brief history of the Omaha’s and an articulation of La Flesche Picotte\u27s familial structure (chapter 1), moving into a general description of what La Flesche Picotte\u27s life might have been like as a child (chapter 2), and on to a more specific description of her experiences as a student at the Hampton Institute (1884-1886) and her subsequent experiences at the Women\u27s Medical College in Pennsylvania (1886-1889). The final four chapters of the book are less chronological and more topical, moving through particular areas of work that would occupy La Flesche Picotte for the rest of her life-physician at the Omaha agency (chapter 5), temperance worker and missionary (chapter 6), advocate for the Omahas in the wake of the Dawes Act and its complications for Native land claims and inheritance (chapter 7), and public health advocate (chapter 8). Though these phases are roughly chronological, they also overlap, and this leads to one of the problems with the book-the reader\u27s difficulty in getting a clear picture of the duties that La Flesche Picotte might have been attending to in any given span of time. For example, not until one finishes the volume is it possible to realize that in the year after her husband, Henry Picotte, died (1907), La Flesche Picotte was dealing with the arrival of the Peyote Church among the Omahas, helping to formulate the Thurston County Medical Society, serving on the Walthill health board, fighting with the Office of Indian Affairs about her husband\u27s allotment lands in South Dakota, helping other Omaha’s fight their own land claims problems with the OIA, serving as a missionary and leading services at Blackbird Hills Church, and working as a temperance advocate. Great biographers make their subjects seem almost real to their readers, imbuing the contexts of a subject\u27s life and the details provided through archival research with the sense that a whole person lives behind the words on the page. Tong\u27s book doesn\u27t accomplish this task. We come away knowing what Susan La Flesche Picotte was-an educated, acculturated, living between worlds turn of the century American Indian woman-but having little idea of who she was. All in all, Tong\u27s representation of La Flesche Picotte\u27s life is engaging and accurate enough, and as the first attempt to encompass her life this book will be of interest to scholars of Great Plains studies and of American Indian studies alike