Causes of decoupling between larval supply and settlement and consequences for understanding recruitment and population connectivity

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392 (2010): 9-21, doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.04.008.Marine broadcast spawners have two-phase life cycles, with pelagic larvae and benthic adults. Larval supply and settlement link these two phases and are crucial for the persistence of marine populations. Mainly due to the complexity in sampling larval supply accurately, many researchers use settlement as a proxy for larval supply. Larval supply is a constraining variable for settlement because, without larval supply, there is no settlement. Larval supply and settlement may not be well correlated, however, and settlement may not consistently estimate larval supply. This paper explores the argument that larval supply (i.e., larval abundance near settlement sites) may not relate linearly to settlement. We review the relationship between larval supply and settlement, from estimates and biases in larval supply sampling, to non-behavioral and behavioral components, including small-scale hydrodynamics, competency, gregarious behavior, intensification of settlement, lunar periodicity, predation and cannibalism. Physical and structural processes coupled with behavior, such as small-scale hydrodynamics and intensification of settlement, sometimes result in under- or overestimation of larval supply, where it is predicted from a linear relationship with settlement. Although settlement is a function of larval supply, spatial and temporal processes interact with larval behavior to distort the relationship between larval supply and settlement, and when these distortions act consistently in time and space, they cause biased estimates of larval supply from settlement data. Most of the examples discussed here suggest that behavior is the main source of the decoupling between larval supply and settlement because larval behavior affects the vertical distribution of larvae, the response of larvae to hydrodynamics, intensification of settlement, gregariousness, predation and cannibalism. Thus, larval behavior seems to limit broad generalizations on the regulation of settlement by larval supply. Knowledge of the relationship is further hindered by the lack of a well founded theoretical relationship between the two variables. The larval supply- settlement transition may have strong general consequences for population connectivity, since larval supply is a result of larval transport, and settlement constrains recruitment. Thus, measuring larval supply and settlement effectively allows more accurate quantification and understanding of larval transport, recruitment and population connectivity.JP would like to thank WHOI Ocean Life Institute for partial funding. FP’s contribution is based upon research supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation

A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N=10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported β=0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported β=0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates

A Many-analysts Approach to the Relation Between Religiosity and Well-being

The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported β = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported β = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates

Sismostratigraphie des lacs Brompton, Memphrémagog et Massawippi, sud du Québec, Canada : déglaciation et paléoenvironnements sédimentaires du tardi-Quaternaire appalachien / Seismostratigraphy of Lakes Brompton, Memphrémagog and Massawippi, southern Québec, Canada: Late Quaternary déglaciation and sedimentary palaeoenvironments

Abstract Seventy longitudinal and transverse acoustic profiles were used to characterise the main Late Quaternary stratigraphie units of Lakes Brompton, Massawippi and Memphrémagog. Three main sedimentary groups, underlain by bedrock, have been identified: 1) units A representing glacial diamictons (moraines, till); 2) units Bl andBl representing stratified glacilacustrine sediments (respectively proximal and distal rhythmites) containing secondary deformation structures; and, 3) recent sediments (C) mainly composed of modern organic-rich lacustrine muds (gyttja). Total sediment thickness in these basins exceeds 195 m in places and records a high mean glacilacustrine sedimentation rate (>39 cm/yr). Based on a mean ice retreat rate of 200 m/yr, the déglaciation of Lake Memphrémagog started around 11.5 ka BP and possibly lasted around 500 years. Modern organic-rich sediments are characterised by biogenic gas production, proportional to the thickness of the gyttja, in lakes Brompton and Memphrémagog. Secondary deformations, located in the glacilacustrine units of lakes Memphrémagog and Massawippi, suggest recent neotectonic activity.Résumé Soixante-dix profils acoustiques transversaux et longitudinaux ont permis de caractériser les principales unités stratigraphiques tardi- Quatemaires des lacs Brompton, Massawippi et Memphrémagog. Trois ensembles sédimentaires, reposant sur le substratum rocheux, sont représentés : 1) les unités A sont des diamictons glaciaires (moraines et till), 2) les unités В 1 et B2 sont des sédiments glaciolacustres stratifiés (respectivement des rythmites proximales et distales) comportant quelques déformations secondaires et 3) les sédiments récents (C) sont composés principalement de gyttja. L'épaisseur totale des sédiments dans ces lacs excède 195 m par endroits et témoigne d'un taux de sédimentation glaciolacustre élevé (>39 cm/an). Selon un taux de retrait glaciaire de 200 m/année, la déglaciation du lac Memphrémagog aurait débuté vers 11,5 ka BP et la sédimentation glaciolacustre aurait durée environ 500 ans. Les sédiments modernes contiennent des gaz biogénétiques, proportionnellement à l'épaisseur de la gyttja, dans les lacs Brompton et Memphrémagog. Des déformations secondaires dans les lacs Memphrémagog et Massawippi pourraient indiquer une activité néotectonique due à un rejeu de failles.Turgeon Steven, Dubois Jean-Marie, Ouellet Marcel, Poulin André. Sismostratigraphie des lacs Brompton, Memphrémagog et Massawippi, sud du Québec, Canada : déglaciation et paléoenvironnements sédimentaires du tardi-Quaternaire appalachien / Seismostratigraphy of Lakes Brompton, Memphrémagog and Massawippi, southern Québec, Canada: Late Quaternary déglaciation and sedimentary palaeoenvironments. In: Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, Janvier-mars, vol. 9, n°1. pp. 13-31

Criteria for prioritizing best practices to implement in cognitive rehabilitation

Cognitive rehabilitation is a high priority area to address in acquired brain injury (ABI) care. A greater understanding of the criteria used by rehabilitation teams when prioritizing specific cognitive interventions for implementation could inform the development of effective strategies to move evidence into practice. Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study was to describe the criteria for prioritizing best practices to implement in cognitive rehabilitation post-ABI using a comprehensive implementation framework. As the first step in a multi-site integrated knowledge translation initiative, a consensus-building methodology, i.e., the Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts (TRIAGE), was used to prioritize practices to implement by three separate ABI rehabilitation teams (n = 8, 12 and 15 members). Transcripts of the teams’ TRIAGE consensual group discussions were analyzed using the Framework Method and mapped across the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The most important criteria guiding priority setting in all the teams were the characteristics of the inner setting, the interventions, the individuals involved, and patients’ and families’ needs and resources. Particularly critical in prioritizing best practices to implement in the view of all the teams appeared to be the characteristics of the inner setting (e.g., implementation climate, readiness for implementation). Overall, the teams tended to prioritize practices that were partially known and used by a few clinicians but needed more systematic implementation through inter-professional collaboration. Rehabilitation teams should monitor these factors throughout the process from prioritization to implementation of the selected best practices in order to guide the tailoring of implementation strategies

La psychologie de l’adolescence

L’adolescence est caractérisée par une série de changements majeurs sur les plans biologique, psychologique et social. Au cours des dernières décennies, plusieurs travaux de recherche ont permis de cerner l’évolution de ces modifications pour mieux saisir les trajectoires qui garantissent l’accès à la maturité, mais aussi pour mieux identifier les risques de dérive et de pathologie. Cet ouvrage a pour objectif de faire le point sur l’état actuel des connaissances afin de rendre compte, pour chacun des aspects du développement, des enjeux et des débats théoriques et pratiques. La première partie aborde les changements fondamentaux qui marquent l’adolescence, la deuxième s’attache aux relations interpersonnelles, alors que la troisième aborde des aspects plus problématiques comme la dépression ou la délinquance. Cet ouvrage, rédigé par des spécialistes reconnus, s’adresse aux étudiants, aux enseignants, aux chercheurs et à tous les professionnels qui travaillent dans le domaine de l’adolescence, ainsi qu’à toute personne qui se questionne sur cette période clé du développement humain

Le lecteur engagé

On peut s’en étonner, mais la notion d’engagement, réservée de droit aux seuls écrivains, n’est jamais réellement associée aux pratiques de lecture, dont la transparence irait de soi. Une réflexion sur l’engagement des passeurs de textes apparaît d’autant plus nécessaire aujourd’hui que les rapports entre la littérature et le monde moderne ressemblent de plus en plus à des rapports d’exclusion. Les pratiques d’enseignement ont-elles pris acte de cette marginalisation ? Soucieux d’une spécificité littéraire particulièrement difficile à cerner, les programmes récents mettent toujours davantage l’accent sur les invariants du texte, mais restent discrets, sinon muets sur ce que Roland Barthes appelait la « responsabilité de la forme ». De nombreux professeurs débutants, à qui il reviendrait pourtant de sensibiliser les élèves à l’inscription des œuvres dans la vie de la cité, se sentent démunis et jugent prudent d’éluder la question du politique. Ce colloque fait l’hypothèse que le malaise dont ils témoignent est le lot de tout lecteur, qu’il soit engagé au titre de critique, écrivain, linguiste, traducteur, professeur, formateur d’enseignants. Les angles d’approche sont donc largement ouverts, et les réponses nécessairement variables, l’essentiel étant d’ouvrir un débat qui dépasse sans doute le seul domaine de la matière littéraire