15 research outputs found
Causes of decoupling between larval supply and settlement and consequences for understanding recruitment and population connectivity
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392 (2010): 9-21, doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.04.008.Marine broadcast spawners have two-phase life cycles, with pelagic larvae and benthic adults.
Larval supply and settlement link these two phases and are crucial for the persistence of marine
populations. Mainly due to the complexity in sampling larval supply accurately, many
researchers use settlement as a proxy for larval supply. Larval supply is a constraining variable
for settlement because, without larval supply, there is no settlement. Larval supply and
settlement may not be well correlated, however, and settlement may not consistently estimate
larval supply.
This paper explores the argument that larval supply (i.e., larval abundance near settlement sites)
may not relate linearly to settlement. We review the relationship between larval supply and
settlement, from estimates and biases in larval supply sampling, to non-behavioral and
behavioral components, including small-scale hydrodynamics, competency, gregarious behavior,
intensification of settlement, lunar periodicity, predation and cannibalism. Physical and structural
processes coupled with behavior, such as small-scale hydrodynamics and intensification of
settlement, sometimes result in under- or overestimation of larval supply, where it is predicted
from a linear relationship with settlement. Although settlement is a function of larval supply,
spatial and temporal processes interact with larval behavior to distort the relationship between
larval supply and settlement, and when these distortions act consistently in time and space, they
cause biased estimates of larval supply from settlement data.
Most of the examples discussed here suggest that behavior is the main source of the decoupling
between larval supply and settlement because larval behavior affects the vertical distribution of
larvae, the response of larvae to hydrodynamics, intensification of settlement, gregariousness,
predation and cannibalism. Thus, larval behavior seems to limit broad generalizations on the
regulation of settlement by larval supply. Knowledge of the relationship is further hindered by
the lack of a well founded theoretical relationship between the two variables.
The larval supply- settlement transition may have strong general consequences for population
connectivity, since larval supply is a result of larval transport, and settlement constrains
recruitment. Thus, measuring larval supply and settlement effectively allows more accurate
quantification and understanding of larval transport, recruitment and population connectivity.JP would like to thank WHOI Ocean Life Institute for partial funding. FPâs contribution is based upon research supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation
A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being
The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N=10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported ÎČ=0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported ÎČ=0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates
A Many-analysts Approach to the Relation Between Religiosity and Well-being
The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset (N = 10, 535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported ÎČ = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported ÎČ = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates
ModĂšle de coopĂ©ration entre Parcs Canada et le milieu universitaire dans les parcs nationaux canadiens : cas de lâUniversitĂ© de Sherbrooke
Sismostratigraphie des lacs Brompton, Memphrémagog et Massawippi, sud du Québec, Canada : déglaciation et paléoenvironnements sédimentaires du tardi-Quaternaire appalachien / Seismostratigraphy of Lakes Brompton, Memphrémagog and Massawippi, southern Québec, Canada: Late Quaternary déglaciation and sedimentary palaeoenvironments
Abstract Seventy longitudinal and transverse acoustic profiles were used to characterise the main Late Quaternary stratigraphie units of Lakes Brompton, Massawippi and Memphrémagog. Three main sedimentary groups, underlain by bedrock, have been identified: 1) units A representing glacial diamictons (moraines, till); 2) units Bl andBl representing stratified glacilacustrine sediments (respectively proximal and distal rhythmites) containing secondary deformation structures; and, 3) recent sediments (C) mainly composed of modern organic-rich lacustrine muds (gyttja). Total sediment thickness in these basins exceeds 195 m in places and records a high mean glacilacustrine sedimentation rate (>39 cm/yr). Based on a mean ice retreat rate of 200 m/yr, the déglaciation of Lake Memphrémagog started around 11.5 ka BP and possibly lasted around 500 years. Modern organic-rich sediments are characterised by biogenic gas production, proportional to the thickness of the gyttja, in lakes Brompton and Memphrémagog. Secondary deformations, located in the glacilacustrine units of lakes Memphrémagog and Massawippi, suggest recent neotectonic activity.Résumé Soixante-dix profils acoustiques transversaux et longitudinaux ont permis de caractériser les principales unités stratigraphiques tardi- Quatemaires des lacs Brompton, Massawippi et Memphrémagog. Trois ensembles sédimentaires, reposant sur le substratum rocheux, sont représentés : 1) les unités A sont des diamictons glaciaires (moraines et till), 2) les unités Р1 et B2 sont des sédiments glaciolacustres stratifiés (respectivement des rythmites proximales et distales) comportant quelques déformations secondaires et 3) les sédiments récents (C) sont composés principalement de gyttja. L'épaisseur totale des sédiments dans ces lacs excÚde 195 m par endroits et témoigne d'un taux de sédimentation glaciolacustre élevé (>39 cm/an). Selon un taux de retrait glaciaire de 200 m/année, la déglaciation du lac Memphrémagog aurait débuté vers 11,5 ka BP et la sédimentation glaciolacustre aurait durée environ 500 ans. Les sédiments modernes contiennent des gaz biogénétiques, proportionnellement à l'épaisseur de la gyttja, dans les lacs Brompton et Memphrémagog. Des déformations secondaires dans les lacs Memphrémagog et Massawippi pourraient indiquer une activité néotectonique due à un rejeu de failles.Turgeon Steven, Dubois Jean-Marie, Ouellet Marcel, Poulin André. Sismostratigraphie des lacs Brompton, Memphrémagog et Massawippi, sud du Québec, Canada : déglaciation et paléoenvironnements sédimentaires du tardi-Quaternaire appalachien / Seismostratigraphy of Lakes Brompton, Memphrémagog and Massawippi, southern Québec, Canada: Late Quaternary déglaciation and sedimentary palaeoenvironments. In: Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, Janvier-mars, vol. 9, n°1. pp. 13-31
Criteria for prioritizing best practices to implement in cognitive rehabilitation
Cognitive rehabilitation is a high priority area to address in acquired brain injury (ABI) care. A greater understanding of the criteria used by rehabilitation teams when prioritizing specific cognitive interventions for implementation could inform the development of effective strategies to move evidence into practice. Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study was to describe the criteria for prioritizing best practices to implement in cognitive rehabilitation post-ABI using a comprehensive implementation framework. As the first step in a multi-site integrated knowledge translation initiative, a consensus-building methodology, i.e., the Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts (TRIAGE), was used to prioritize practices to implement by three separate ABI rehabilitation teams (nâ=â8, 12 and 15 members). Transcripts of the teamsâ TRIAGE consensual group discussions were analyzed using the Framework Method and mapped across the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The most important criteria guiding priority setting in all the teams were the characteristics of the inner setting, the interventions, the individuals involved, and patientsâ and familiesâ needs and resources. Particularly critical in prioritizing best practices to implement in the view of all the teams appeared to be the characteristics of the inner setting (e.g., implementation climate, readiness for implementation). Overall, the teams tended to prioritize practices that were partially known and used by a few clinicians but needed more systematic implementation through inter-professional collaboration. Rehabilitation teams should monitor these factors throughout the process from prioritization to implementation of the selected best practices in order to guide the tailoring of implementation strategies
90 Ultra-Hypo (UHF) Compared to Moderate-Hypo (MHF) Fractionated Prostate IGRT with HDR Brachytherapy Boost: Long Term Toxicity, Acceptability and Efficiency of Delivery
La psychologie de lâadolescence
Lâadolescence est caractĂ©risĂ©e par une sĂ©rie de changements majeurs sur les plans biologique, psychologique et social. Au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, plusieurs travaux de recherche ont permis de cerner lâĂ©volution de ces modifications pour mieux saisir les trajectoires qui garantissent lâaccĂšs Ă la maturitĂ©, mais aussi pour mieux identifier les risques de dĂ©rive et de pathologie. Cet ouvrage a pour objectif de faire le point sur lâĂ©tat actuel des connaissances afin de rendre compte, pour chacun des aspects du dĂ©veloppement, des enjeux et des dĂ©bats thĂ©oriques et pratiques. La premiĂšre partie aborde les changements fondamentaux qui marquent lâadolescence, la deuxiĂšme sâattache aux relations interpersonnelles, alors que la troisiĂšme aborde des aspects plus problĂ©matiques comme la dĂ©pression ou la dĂ©linquance. Cet ouvrage, rĂ©digĂ© par des spĂ©cialistes reconnus, sâadresse aux Ă©tudiants, aux enseignants, aux chercheurs et Ă tous les professionnels qui travaillent dans le domaine de lâadolescence, ainsi quâĂ toute personne qui se questionne sur cette pĂ©riode clĂ© du dĂ©veloppement humain
Le lecteur engagé
On peut sâen Ă©tonner, mais la notion dâengagement, rĂ©servĂ©e de droit aux seuls Ă©crivains, nâest jamais rĂ©ellement associĂ©e aux pratiques de lecture, dont la transparence irait de soi. Une rĂ©flexion sur lâengagement des passeurs de textes apparaĂźt dâautant plus nĂ©cessaire aujourdâhui que les rapports entre la littĂ©rature et le monde moderne ressemblent de plus en plus Ă des rapports dâexclusion. Les pratiques dâenseignement ont-elles pris acte de cette marginalisation ? Soucieux dâune spĂ©cificitĂ© littĂ©raire particuliĂšrement difficile Ă cerner, les programmes rĂ©cents mettent toujours davantage lâaccent sur les invariants du texte, mais restent discrets, sinon muets sur ce que Roland Barthes appelait la « responsabilitĂ© de la forme ». De nombreux professeurs dĂ©butants, Ă qui il reviendrait pourtant de sensibiliser les Ă©lĂšves Ă lâinscription des Ćuvres dans la vie de la citĂ©, se sentent dĂ©munis et jugent prudent dâĂ©luder la question du politique. Ce colloque fait lâhypothĂšse que le malaise dont ils tĂ©moignent est le lot de tout lecteur, quâil soit engagĂ© au titre de critique, Ă©crivain, linguiste, traducteur, professeur, formateur dâenseignants. Les angles dâapproche sont donc largement ouverts, et les rĂ©ponses nĂ©cessairement variables, lâessentiel Ă©tant dâouvrir un dĂ©bat qui dĂ©passe sans doute le seul domaine de la matiĂšre littĂ©raire