Noncoder : a web interface for exon array-based detection of long non-coding RNAs

Due to recent technical developments, a high number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered in mammals. Although it has been shown that lncRNAs are regulated differently among tissues and disease statuses, functions of these transcripts are still unknown in most cases. GeneChip Exon 1.0 ST Arrays (exon arrays) from Affymetrix, Inc. have been used widely to profile genome-wide expression changes and alternative splicing of protein-coding genes. Here, we demonstrate that re-annotation of exon array probes can be used to profile expressions of tens of thousands of lncRNAs. With this annotation, a detailed inspection of lncRNAs and their isoforms is possible. To allow for a general usage to the research community, we developed a user-friendly web interface called 'noncoder'. By uploading CEL files from exon arrays and with a few mouse clicks and parameter settings, exon array data will be normalized and analysed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs. Noncoder provides the detailed annotation information of lncRNAs and is equipped with unique features to allow for an efficient search for interesting lncRNAs to be studied further. The web interface is available at http://noncoder.mpi-bn.mpg.de

Cultural diversity in top management teams : review and agenda for future research

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICDespite its growing social relevance, research on cultural diversity in top management teams (TMTs) has been sparse and fragmented. To build a firm foundation and facilitate the development of this field, we review and synthesize 106 key articles published between 1997 and 2021. Our study provides a comprehensive field map explicating the antecedents and influence of TMT cultural diversity, showing that cultural diversity constitutes a distinct and important aspect of TMT diversity that has significant implications for a variety of outcomes. By critically assessing the field, we identify key research gaps and promising areas for future research

Strings attached : socioemotional wealth mixed gambles in the cash management choices of family firms

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICFamily owners differ from other types of owners due to the presence of socioemotional wealth (SEW) concerns. We take a closer look at this distinctive aspect by examining the impact of family control and influence dimension of SEW on the cash management choices of family firms, conceptualizing it as a mixed gamble choice. Our empirical analysis of 195 Italian firms listed on the Milan Stock Exchange between 2003 and 2015 shows that family firms derive more value and incur lower costs than nonfamily firms when they increase their cash holdings. We then delve deeper into family firms' cash management choices by exploring how different levels of family control and influence as well as types of board governance arrangements moderate this relationship. The empirical results indicate that the positive effects of family ownership are more pronounced under a high level of family control and influence and with separation of the board chair and CEO positions

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET STATE SYSTEM IN 1918-1940 (AS IN THE CASE OF INDIVIDUAL POWER STRUCTURES)

Purpose: This paper examines the problems of changing the systems of the structures of governance in the first years of the existence of Soviet rule using the example of the armed forces, the redistribution of powers between them, the strengthening of the administrative influence of individual departments on the most important decisions in this area. Methodology: The basis of scientific research is the dialectical materialist method, which allows revealing the patterns of development of the relevant legal industry and suggesting the most likely options for the development of legislation and law enforcement practice. In addition, the authors use the historical-chronological method, the historical-systemic method, the formal-logical method, the method of comparative law, the system-structural method, the technical-legal method, etc. Result: a dramatic change in internal political line with the advent of the Bolsheviks predetermined the sweeping changes in the approaches to public administration. Having no experience in organizing public authority, the leaders of the revolutionary movement proposed and approved numerous ideas related to improving the efficiency of the management of uniformed services, which was very important in the conditions of the civil war and foreign intervention. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the development of the Soviet state system in 1918-1940  is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

The cost of conformity to good governance : Board design and compensation

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICResearch question/issue: Albeit the fact that the "one-size-fits-all" corporate governance model has been mostly discarded, the debate on what constitutes a well-governed firm has converged toward a set of practices that comprise what we refer to as the global good governance norm. Whereas extant research has focused mainly on the benefits of good governance, we build on neo-institutional theory to explore how firm conformity or nonconformity to this global norm is associated with the cost of board governance, captured as board compensation. Research findings/insights: Using a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of firms listed in the Stockholm Stock Exchange, we find that the configurations of board practices conforming to the global good governance norm are associated with higher board compensation than those that score low on conformity. Based on our findings, we deduce four archetypical board design strategies jointly shaped by two central forces: the pressure toward conformity to the good governance norm and the extent of governance discretion, denoting firm agentic behavior. Theoretical/academic implications: First, our study highlights that conformity to the global good governance norm is accompanied with higher costs than nonconformity. Second, while most of the extant research discusses conformity and agentic behavior as two opposing forces, we uncover that they simultaneously co-exist in board governance, stressing their interconnectedness. Practitioner/policy implications: Conformity to the global good governance norm influences the strategic choices of board designs and the costs associated with such choices

ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВЕРТЕБРОГЕННОЙ БОЛИ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И СОБСТВЕННЫЙ ОПЫТ

The work is devoted to the consideration of treatment options for vertebrogenic pain syndrome. Its frequent occurrence is associated with changes in living and working conditions in the modern world. Prolonged axial loads on the spine, inactivity, increased body weight negatively affect the balance of the spinal column, which at the initial stage is expressed in the appearance of pain syndrome. The authors, in their work, distinguish the main types of blockades depending on their purpose. The modern technological means for verification of anatomical structures, allowing to target the source of pain, are emphasized separately. Various methods of blockade such as epidural, caudal, transforaminal epidural, myofascial, sacroiliac joint blockade, intervertebral joints and piriformis muscle are described. Indications for their use, as well as important tactical nuances are highlighted. The analysis of the possibilities of using various drugs in the relief of vertebrogenic pain. The probable risks of their application are specified. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the importance of minimally invasive interventional interventions in the complex treatment of vertebrogenic pain syndrome.Работа посвящена рассмотрению вариантов лечения вертеброгенного болевого синдрома. Частая встречаемость его связана с изменениями условий жизни и работы в современном мире. Длительные осевые нагрузки на позвоночник, гиподинамия, повышенная масса тела негативно влияют на баланс позвоночного столба, что на начальном этапе выражается в появлении болевого синдрома. Авторы, в своей работе, выделяют основные виды блокад в зависимости от их цели. Отдельно подчеркнуты современные технологические средства для верификации анатомических структур, позволяющие таргетированно воздействовать на источник боли. Описаны различные методы проведения блокад такие как эпидуральная, каудальная, трaнсфoрaминальная эпидурaльнaя, миoфaсциальная, блокада крестцово-подвздошного сочленения, межпозвонковых суставов и грушевидной мышцы. Выделены показания к их применению, а также важные тактические нюансы. Проведен анализ возможностей применения различных лекарственных препаратов в купировании вертеброгенной боли. Указаны вероятные риски их применения. В заключении авторы подчеркивают важность малоинвазивных интервенционных вмешательств в комплексном лечении вертеброгенного болевого синдрома

Dynamics of Managerial Discretion in Transition Economies

Abstract This conceptual paper is focusing on the dynamic nature of managerial discretion within the context of economic transition. The concept of managerial discretion is discussed in two diverse streams of literature. From the perspective of strategic management research, managerial discretion refers to the locus of managerial control, while the corporate governance research emphasizes control over corporation focusing on minimizing the discretionary power of the management team. This research attempts to highlight the complementarity of the two diverging perspectives. The paradox between managerial decision-making freedom and control is analyzed using example of economic transition. It is being argued that the presence of a dynamic institutional change characterizing the early stages of economic transition may assume the presence of higher degree of managerial freedom while the later stages of economic transition require more formalized mechanisms of control thereby limiting the degree of management discretionary power. As the level of environmental uncertainly is gradually decreasing during the process of economic transition the as institutional environment becomes more stable which, in turn, can lead to the establishment and formalization of control mechanisms. The methodological approach utilized in this study is a conceptual analysis of the previous research on managerial discretion applying institutional, corporate governance and strategic management research perspectives. A theoretical model uniting both corporate governance and strategic management perspectives on managerial discretion was developed. The institutional theory was applied to explain the complementarily of the two main perspectives, particularly within the context of institutional transition. Suggested directions for future research include empirical testing of changes in the level of the TMT discretion along the multiple stages of transition process and further development of interaction effects between different levels of the TMT discretion

Costs and Benefits of Delegation : Managerial Discretion as a Bridge between Strategic Management and Corporate Governance

This dissertation addresses the question of effective delegation, exploring it through the concept of managerial discretion (i.e., a latitude of managerial actions, which lie in the zone of shareholders’ acceptance). While the corporate governance perspective on managerial discretion focuses mainly on the costs associated with delegation, the strategic management perspective emphasizes its benefits in creating value for the firm. Building on research in corporate governance and strategic management, this dissertation develops and empirically tests a theoretical framework that explains how the two distinct dimensions of managerial discretion jointly influence organizational outcomes. The proposed framework illuminates the importance of balance between the restraining and enabling decisions undertaken by professional managers. This dissertation makes a two-fold contribution to the field of corporate governance. First, it identifies and explains organizational and environmental forces that jointly shape strategic and governance dimensions of managerial discretion, redefining the concept. Second, it conceptually and empirically explores an integrative model of managerial discretion within the broader corporate governance framework, providing evidence of the joint effects of governance and strategic dimensions of discretion on organizational outcomes. The results suggest that the effect of governance dimension of managerial discretion on a firm’s performance is contingent on the strategic dimension of discretion. This draws attention to potential strategic implications of board monitoring over managerial decision making. While the majority of studies emphasize the benefits of increased control over managerial decision making, particularly stressing board monitoring, this dissertation also considers the benefits of delegation for firms’ strategic development. By reversing the polarity of the current emphasis on disciplining managers, this dissertation provides a more balanced view of the notion of corporate governance. The value of this approach derives from the integrated model, which highlights the benefits and the costs of delegation.

An integrative view on managerial discretion : a study of a Russian firm in transition

What are the forces that influence strategic managerial decisions in the contextof economic transition? In this paper, we analyse how strategic and governanceforces influence the degree of discretion perceived by managers operating in thecontext of the transition economy of Russia. An exploratory case study providesinsights about the managerial decision-making process in a transition economythrough the exploration of context-specific factors that shape the perceived degreeof managerial discretion. The findings of the paper redefine the concept,indicating the existence of a relationship between strategic and governanceforces and their joint influence on managerial discretion. Our results provide anumber of practical and theoretical implications for the managerial decisionmakingprocess in Eastern Europe